He aha te matekai? Ngā tohu, ngā take, me te rongoā

Ka puta te matekai ina kai koe i tetahi mea kua whakapokeketia e ngā pūtau kino, ngā huaketo rānei, ngā waiora rānei. Ka whakautu tō tinana mā te ngana ki te whakakore i ēnei manuhiri kore e hiahiatia, ā, ka puta mai ai ngā tohu kore e pai e pā ana ki a koe.

Ka ora te nuinga o ngā keehi i roto i ngā rā torutoru mā te okioki pai me te inu wai. Ahakoa he kino te ahua ina pā ana ki a koe, ehara i te mea he kino te matekai mō ngā tāngata pakeke hauora me ngā tamariki.

He aha te matekai?

Ko te matekai ko te pūnaha tiaki tūturu o tō tinana e whakapakari ana i muri i te kai i te kai kua whakapokeketia, i te inu rānei. Whakaarohia ko tō pūnaha mate e mahi ana i te wā roa ki te tiaki i a koe i ngā kohungahunga kino e kore e tika.

Ko te kupu hangarau ko te "mate kai," engari ko te nuinga o te iwi e ki ana noa i te matekai. Ka puta ina tae mai ngā pūtau penei i te Salmonella, i te E. coli rānei, ngā huaketo, ngā paraeiti, ngā matū pokanoa rānei ki roto i tō pūnaha kai mā te mea e kai ana koe, e inu ana rānei.

Ka mohio tō tinana ki ēnei manuhiri hei tūkino, ā, ka whakautu mā te ngana ki te peia atu i a rātou. Ahakoa he kore e pai tēnei tukanga tūturu, he mahi tika tēnei nō tō tinana ki te tiaki i a koe i te kino atu.

He aha ngā tohu o te matekai?

Ka tīmata ngā tohu matekai i roto i ngā haora i muri i te kai i te kai kua whakapokeketia, ahakoa ka puta mai i te 30 meneti ki ngā rā maha i muri mai. Ko te wā e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo mea whakapokeke i puta ai tō mate, me te nui o te mea i kai koe.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu tino noa ka pā pea ki a koe:

• Ngāutu me te ruaki
• Te korere (i etahi wā he toto)
• Ngā mamae puku me te mamae o te kopu
• Te kirika me te wiri
• Te mamae o te mahunga
• Ngā mamae uaua
• Te ngoikore me te ngenge
• Te ngaro o te hiahia kai

Ko te nuinga o te iwi e pā ana ki te whakakotahitanga o ēnei tohu, ehara i te kotahi anake. Ka rereke te kaha mai i te kore e pai ki ngā tohu kaha ake e pupuri ana i a koe tata ki te wharepaku mō te rā, rua rānei.

I roto i ngā keehi onge, ka taea e etahi momo matekai te puta mai i ngā tohu kaha ake. Ko te botulism, ahakoa he tino onge, ka arahi ki te ngoikore o ngā uaua, te uaua ki te horomia, me ngā raruraru tirohanga. Ko etahi mate E. coli ka puta pea i ngā raruraru whatukuhu nui, ina koa ki ngā tamariki iti me ngā tāngata pakeke.

He aha ngā take o te matekai?

Ka puta te matekai ina whakapokeketia tō kai e ngā kohungahunga kino, i ngā matū pokanoa rānei i tetahi wā mai i te pāmu ki te tepu. Ka taea e ēnei manuhiri kore e hiahiatia te tere te whakaputa i raro i ngā āhuatanga tika, ka huri ai te kai pai ki te puna o te mate.

Ko ēnei ngā mea tino noa e arahi ana ki te matekai:

• Ngā pūtau penei i te Salmonella, E. coli, me te Campylobacter
• Ngā huaketo penei i te norovirus me te hepatitis A
• Ngā paraeiti tae atu ki te Giardia me te Cryptosporidium
• Ngā matū pūtau mai i te Staphylococcus aureus, i te Clostridium botulinum rānei
• Ngā matū whakapokeke mai i ngā hua horoi, i ngā pūhui patu pepeke rānei

Ka taea te whakapokeke i te wā o te whakaputa kai, te tukatuka, te whakahaere, te penapena rānei. I etahi wā ka puta i roto i tō ake kīhini mā te whakapokeke whāiti, i ngā pāmahana tunu kai kore tika rānei.

Ko etahi kai he tino nui ake te tupono ki te pupuri i ēnei raruraru. Ko ngā mīti mata, kua kore rānei i tunua, ngā hua waiū kore i pātetia, ngā hua manu mata, me ngā hua me ngā huawhenua kaore i horoia he nui ake te tūpono. Ahakoa ngā kai e tino haumaru ana, ka taea te whakapokeke mena ka waiho ki te pāmahana rūma roa rawa.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō te matekai?

Ko te nuinga o ngā keehi o te matekai ka ora ake mā te okioki me te inu wai nui. Heoi, ko etahi tohu whakatūpato e whakaatu ana me kimi wawe koe i te awhina hauora, kaua e tatari ki te whare.

Whakapa atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora mena ka pā ki a koe tetahi o ēnei tohu awangawanga:

• Te kirika nui neke atu i te 102°F (38.9°C)
• Ngā tohu o te maroke nui penei i te wiri, te waha maroke, te iti rānei o te mimi
• Te toto i roto i tō ruaki, i tō korere rānei
• Te ruaki tonu e ārai ana i te pupuri i ngā wai
• Te mamae o te kopu nui, te mamae rānei
• Ngā tohu o te maroke nui penei i te pohehe, te ngoikore rānei
• Ngā tohu e roa atu ana i ngā rā maha

Me tupato ake etahi tāngata, me whakaaro ki te tiaki hauora i mua atu. Ko ngā wāhine hapu, ngā tamariki iti i raro i te 5 tau, ngā tāngata pakeke neke atu i te 65 tau, me ngā tāngata he ngoikore o rātou pūnaha mate he nui ake te tūpono o ngā raruraru mai i te matekai.

Whakawhirinaki ki ō whakaaro mō tō tinana. Mena he kino te ahua o tetahi mea, kei te manukanuka rānei koe ki ō tohu, he pai tonu te tirotiro ki tetahi tohunga hauora i te mamae kore e tika.

He aha ngā take tūpono mō te matekai?

Ahakoa ka taea e te tangata te whiwhi matekai, ko etahi take e whakawehi ana i etahi i te mate kai. Ka taea e te mārama ki ēnei take tūpono te awhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā whakaritenga tika mōu me ō whānau.

Ko ngā tāngata kei te tūpono nui atu:

• Ngā tamariki iti i raro i te 5 tau
• Ngā tāngata pakeke 65 tau me neke atu
• Ngā wāhine hapu
• Ngā tāngata he ngoikore o rātou pūnaha mate
• Ngā tāngata he mate roa penei i te mate huka, te mate ate, te mate whatukuhu rānei
• Ngā tāngata e inu ana i ngā rongoā e whakaiti ana i te pūnaha mate

Ko ō tikanga kai me ō kōwhiringa kai e pā ana hoki ki tō taumata tūpono. Ko te kai i ngā kai mata, kua kore rānei i tunua, te kai i ngā wāhi he kino ngā tikanga hauora kai, te kore rānei e whai i ngā aratohu penapena kai tika ka piki ake ai ō tūpono ki te mate.

Ka taea hoki e te haere te whakaara ake i tō tūpono, ina koa ki ngā wāhi he rerekē ngā paerewa horoi. Kaore pea tō pūnaha kai i whakamahia ki ngā pūtau rohe e kore e raru ki ngā tāngata noho, engari ka puta ai te mate ki ngā manuhiri.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te matekai?

Ko te nuinga o te iwi ka ora mai i te matekai kaore he pānga roa, engari i etahi wā ka puta mai ngā raruraru. He tino nui ake ēnei ki ngā tāngata he nui ake ngā take tūpono, ahakoa ka pā pea ki ngā tāngata hauora.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru pea me mōhio:

• Te maroke nui e hiahia ana ki te noho whare hauora
• Ngā raruraru whatukuhu, ina koa mai i ētahi momo E. coli
• Te mate pāwera rheumatoid e pā ana ki ngā hononga
• Te mate puku irritable e puta ana i muri i te ora
• Ngā mate toto i roto i ngā keehi onge
• Ngā raruraru neurological mai i ētahi matū

Ko te maroke te raruraru tino noa, ina koa ina roa te ruaki me te korere mō ngā rā maha. Ka puta tēnei nā te ngaro o ngā wai me ngā electrolytes i tō tinana i te tere atu i tō kaha ki te whakakapi.

Ko etahi raruraru onge engari he kino te hemolytic uremic syndrome mai i ētahi mate E. coli, ka taea te puta i te ngoikore o te whatukuhu. Ko ngā mate Listeria i te wā hapu ka arahi ki te ngaro o te kopu, ki te mate kino rānei ki ngā pēpi hou. Ko te botulism, ahakoa he tino onge, ka taea te puta i te pararutiki mate.

Me pēhea te aukati i te matekai?

Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o ngā keehi o te matekai ka taea te aukati katoa mā ngā tikanga hauora kai tika. Ko ngā tikanga ngāwari i te hoko, te penapena, te whakarite, me te mahi kai ka taea te whakaiti nui i tō tūpono ki te mate.

Ko ēnei ngā rautaki aukati matua e mahi ana:

• Horoi pai ō ringa i mua i muri i te whakahaere kai
• Tunua ngā kai ki ngā pāmahana roto haumaru
• Whakamātao ngā kai ngāwari i roto i ngā haora 2
• Aukati i te whakapokeke whāiti mā te whakamahi i ngā papa tapa motuhake mō te mīti mata me ētahi atu kai
• Kaua e kai i ngā hua manu mata, mīti, ika rānei
• Horoi pai ngā hua me ngā huawhenua i mua i te kai
• Kōwhiri i ngā hua waiū me ngā wai kua pātetia
• Kia tupato ki ngā toenga, kaua e pupuri roa

Ina hoko, pupuri i ngā kai makariri kia makariri, ka tere te tiki ki tō pouaka whakamātao. Tirohia ngā rā paunga, kia kaua e kai i ngā kai kei roto i ngā tāra kua pakaru pea i tuku ai te whakapokeke.

I ngā wharekai, kōwhiri i ngā wāhi e tino ma te ahua, he pai ngā ingoa hauora kai. Mena he kino te ahua, te kakara, te reka rānei o tetahi mea, kaua e kai. Ko tō ihu me tō reka he pūnaha whakatūpato pai.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te matekai?

Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakarato hauora ka taea te whakatau i te matekai i runga i ō tohu me tō hītori kai tata nei. Ka ui rātou i ngā pātai taipitopito mō te mea i kai koe, te wā i tīmata ai ngā tohu, me te kaha o rātou.

Ka hiahia tō taote ki te mohio ki ngā kai i kai koe i ngā rā 2-3 i mua i te mate. Ka awhina tēnei wā ki te kimi i te puna me te momo whakapokeke i tūtaki koe.

I te nuinga o ngā keehi, kaore he whakamātautau motuhake e hiahiatia ana, nā te mārama o te whakatau mai i ō tohu me tō hītori kai. Heoi, ki te kino rawa koe, kei te roa tonu rānei ngā tohu, ka tono pea tō taote i ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga.

Ka uru pea ēnei whakamātautau ki ngā tauira korere ki te kimi i ngā pūtau, huaketo, paraeiti rānei. Ka tirotiro pea ngā whakamātautau toto i ngā tohu o te maroke, o te mate rānei. I roto i ngā keehi onge e whakapae ana ki te botulism, ki ētahi atu āhuatanga kino rānei, ka hiahiatia pea te whakamātautau motuhake atu.

He aha te rongoā mō te matekai?

Ko te rongoā mō te matekai e aro ana ki te awhina i tō tinana ki te ora ake me te whakahaere i ngā tohu me te aukati i te maroke. Ko te nuinga o ngā keehi kaore e hiahia rongoā rongoā, ka pai ake mā te tiaki tautoko i te kāinga.

Ko ēnei ngā huarahi rongoā matua:

• Te okioki me te tuku i tō pūnaha kai ki te ora ake
• Te whakakapi i ngā wai me ngā electrolytes kua ngaro
• Te whakauru i ngā kai ngawari i te wā e taea ana
• Te whakahaere i ngā tohu penei i te ngāutu me te mamae
• Te tirotiro mō ngā tohu o ngā raruraru

Kaore ngā rongoā paturopi e awhina i te matekai, ka taea te whakaiti i etahi momo. Ka tukuna noa e tō taote i roto i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, penei i ngā mate pūtau nui, ki te tūpono nui rānei koe ki ngā raruraru.

Mō te nuinga o te iwi, ka rere te mate i roto i ngā rā torutoru ki te wiki. Ko ngā pūtaiao tūturu o tō tinana te nuinga o te mahi i te whawhai ki te mate me te ora ake i te mate.

Me pēhea te tiaki i a koe i te kāinga i te wā o te matekai?

Ko te tiaki i a koe i te kāinga i te wā o te matekai ko te tuku i tō tinana i te mea e hiahia ana ki te ora ake me te noho pai. Ko te matua ko te tautoko i tō ora ake kaore e whakawakia te tukanga ora tūturu o tō tinana.

Aro atu ki te noho makariri mā te inu i ngā wai mārama iti i te maha. Ko te wai, ngā wai mārama, me ngā otinga electrolyte he pai. Kaua e inu nui i te wa kotahi, ka arahi pea ki te ruaki atu.

Ina rite koe ki te kai, tīmata ki ngā kai ngawari, ngāwari ki te kai. Ko te kai BRAT (panana, raihi, aporo, totoa) he ngawari ki tō puku. Tāpiri atu ngā kai ngawari atu i te wā e pai ake ana koe.

Ko te okioki he mea nui mō te ora ake. Ka whakamahi tō tinana i te kaha nui ki te whawhai ki te mate, na kaua e akiaki koe ki te pupuri i ngā mahi noa. Tangohia te wā i te mahi, i te kura rānei mena e hiahiatia ana.

Kaua e kai i ngā hua waiū, ngā kai momona, te waipiro, te caffeine rānei kia ora rawa koe. Ka taea e ēnei te whakaohooho i tō pūnaha kai kua ngoikore, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā tohu.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō haerenga ki te taote e awhina ana ki te whakarite ka whiwhi koe i te tiaki tino pai, kaore e wareware i ngā korero nui mō tō mate. Ko te whakahaere i ngā korero i mua ka pai ake te hui mōu me tō kaiwhakarato hauora.

Tuhia nga mea katoa i kai koe, i inu ranei i nga ra 2-3 i mua i te timatanga o nga tohu. Kei roto i enei korero te wahi i kai ai koe, nga kai motuhake i kai ai koe, me nga wa tata. Ka awhina tenei raarangi kai ki te kimi i te puna pea.

Aroturukihia o tohu tae atu ki te wa i timata ai, te kaha o ratou, me te pai ake ranei, te kino ake ranei. Tuhia to pāmahana mena kua tirotirohia e koe, me nga rongoa katoa kua inu koe.

Kawe mai he rarangi o o rongoa o naianei, tae atu ki nga rongoa kore-tuku me nga taapiri. Ka taea e etahi rongoa te awe i te whakahaere a to tinana i nga mate, i te mahi tahi ranei me nga maimoatanga pea.

Whakaritea nga patai e hiahia ana koe ki te ui, penei i te roa o te ora ake, te wa ka taea e koe te hoki ki nga mahi noa, i nga tohu whakatūpato ranei me titiro atu ka tohu pea i nga raruraru.

He aha te mea nui mō te matekai?

Ko te matekai he mate kore e pai engari he wa poto e ora ana te nuinga o te iwi i roto i ngā rā torutoru. Ahakoa he kino te ahua ina pā ana ki a koe, ko te whakautu a tō tinana he tohu kei te mahi tika tō pūnaha mate ki te tiaki i a koe.

Ko te mea nui i te wā ora ake ko te noho makariri me te okioki nui. Ko te nuinga o ngā keehi kaore e hiahia ki te rongoā hauora i tua atu i te tiaki tautoko, ahakoa me kimi koe i te awhina mena he nui ngā tohu, kei roto rānei koe i te rōpū tūpono nui ake.

Ko te aukati te rongoā pai rawa atu mo te mate kai. Ko ngā tikanga hauora kai ngāwari penei i te tunu kai tika, te horoi pai, me te penapena kai haumaru ka taea te aukati i te nuinga o ngā keehi o te matekai.

Kia mahara ko te whiwhi matekai kaore e tikanga kua he koe. Ahakoa ngā tāngata tupato ka taea te mate i te kai kua whakapokeketia. Ko te mea nui ko te mohio ki te tiaki i a koe me te wa ki te kimi i te awhina hauora mena e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Pātai Tupono Mō te Matekai

E hia te roa o te matekai?

Ko te nuinga o ngā keehi o te matekai ka ora i roto i ngā rā 3-7, ahakoa ka rerekē tenei i runga i te momo whakapokeke me tō hauora whānui. Ko ngā tohu ka piki i roto i te 1-2 rā tuatahi, ka pai ake i te wā. Ko etahi tāngata ka pai ake i roto i ngā haora 24-48, engari ko ētahi atu ka pā pea te ngenge mō te wiki i muri i te ngaro o ētahi atu tohu.

Ka taea te whiwhi matekai i te kai kua whakamahana?

Ae, ka taea e te kai kua whakamahana te puta i te matekai mena kaore i penapena tika, kua whakamahana rānei ki te pāmahana haumaru. Ka taea e ngā pūtau te whakaputa i roto i te kai tunua e noho ana i te pāmahana rūma roa rawa. Ina whakamahana i ngā toenga, kia tutuki ki te 165°F (74°C) puta noa. Whakamahana kotahi noa te kai, a, ki te neke atu i te 3-4 rā i roto i te pouaka whakamātao, he pai ake te maka atu.

He mate pukupuku te matekai?

Kaore te matekai i te mate pukupuku, engari ko etahi o ngā huaketo me ngā pūtau e puta ai ka horapa atu i te tangata ki te tangata. Ko te norovirus, hei tauira, he tino mate pukupuku ka horapa mā te hononga tika, i ngā papa whakapokeke rānei. He mea nui te horoi pai o ngā ringa, ina koa i muri i te whakamahinga o te wharepaku, i mua rānei i te whakarite kai. Noho i te kāinga mai i te mahi, i te kura rānei kia kore koe e pākia mō te 24 haora.

Me inu rongoā anti-diarrheal mō te matekai?

He pai ake te tuku i te korere ki te rere i te wā o te matekai, nā te mea ko te huarahi tēnei o tō tinana ki te whakakore i ngā pūtau kino me ngā matū pokanoa. Ka taea e ngā rongoā anti-diarrheal te mau i ēnei matū i roto i tō pūnaha mō te wā roa. Heoi, ki te kaha te korere, kei te puta te maroke nui rānei, ka tono pea tō taote i te whakamahinga poto. Tirohia tonu ki tetahi kaiwhakarato hauora i mua i te inu i ēnei rongoā i te wā o te matekai.

Nōhea ka taea te kai noa i muri i te matekai?

Ka taea e koe te hoki ki tō kai noa i te wā kua kore koe e pākia mō ngā haora 24-48, kei te rite ki ngā kai noa. Tīmata mā te whakauru i ngā kai ngawari penei i ngā keke, te pāstā maeneene, i ngā pūmua ngawari rānei. Kaua e kai i ngā kai kawa, momona, hua waiū rānei mō ētahi atu rā kia ora rawa tō pūnaha kai. Whakarongo ki tō tinana, kaua e tere te tukanga. Mena he kore e pai etahi kai, tatari he iti i mua i te ngana ano.