He aha ngā mate pūtau ira? Ngā tohu, ngā take, me te rongoā

Ko ngā mate pūtau ira he ōrau e tupu ana i ngā pūtau i hāngai ki te waiho hei purapura, kāinga rānei i roto i tō tinana. Ka taea e ēnei pūtau motuhake, e kiia nei ko ngā pūtau ira, te hanganga i ngā mate pūtau, kaua ki te whanake māori hei pūtau whakaputa uri.

Ahakoa ka rongo te ingoa he āwangawanga, he maha ngā mate pūtau ira e taea te rongoā pai, ina koa ka kitea wawe. Ka taea e rātou te puta ki ngā wāhanga maha o tō tinana, ehara i ngā kōpū whakaputa uri anake, ā, ka pā ki ngā tāngata o ngā tau katoa mai i ngā pēpi ki ngā pakeke.

He aha ngā mate pūtau ira?

Ka puta mai ngā mate pūtau ira i ngā pūtau ira matua, koinei ngā pūtau tuatahi ka whanake hei purapura i ngā tāne, kāinga rānei i ngā wāhine. Ko ēnei pūtau te nuinga ka neke ki ngā kōpū whakaputa uri i te wā o te whanaketanga, engari i etahi wā ka noho ki ētahi atu wāhi o tō tinana.

Ki te kore ēnei pūtau ira e whanake tika, ka taea e rātou te hanganga i ngā mate pūtau. Whakaarohia me te purapura i hāngai ki te tupu i tētahi māra, engari i tīmata te tupu ki ngā wāhi kore e tumanakohia puta noa i tō tinana.

Ko te nuinga o ngā mate pūtau ira he pai (ehara i te mate pukupuku) kāore rānei e rongoāhia ina kino (mate pukupuku). Ko te wāhi me te momo o te mate pūtau te āwhina ki te whakatau i te huarahi rongoā pai mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

He aha ngā momo mate pūtau ira?

Ka wehewehea ngā mate pūtau ira ki ngā kāwai e rua, e whakaū ana i te wāhi e tupu ai. Ko ngā mate pūtau gonadal e tupu ana i ngā kōpū whakaputa uri, ā, ko ngā mate pūtau extragonadal e puta ana i waho o ēnei wāhi.

Koinei te huarahi e whakarōpū ai ngā kaiwhakarongo hauora i ēnei mate pūtau:

• Ngā mate pūtau ira testes - Ko te nuinga i ngā tāne taitamariki i te tau 15-35
• Ngā mate pūtau ira ovaries - Ka pā ki ngā kōtiro me ngā wāhine taitamariki
• Ngā mate pūtau extragonadal - E tupu ana i ngā wāhi penei i te uma, te kopu, te roro rānei
• Ngā mate pūtau ira tamariki - Ka taea te puta i ngā wāhi katoa i ngā tamariki, tae atu ki te rohe o te hiku

He rerekē ngā āhuatanga me ngā tikanga whakaora mō ia momo. Mā tō rōpū hauora e whakatau tika te momo kei a koe mā ngā whakamātautau me ngā whakamātautau maha.

Ngā mate pukupuku ira tangata, me ngā mate pukupuku ira tangata kāhore

Ka wehewehea atu e ngā tākua ngā mate pukupuku ira tangata i runga i te āhua o rātou i raro i te microscope. Ka tino puea haere ngā mate pukupuku ira tangata, ā, ka pai te whakautu ki te rongoā radiation.

Ko ngā mate pukupuku ira tangata kāhore i roto i ngā momo iti penei i te embryonal carcinoma, ngā mate pukupuku yolk sac, me ngā teratomas. Ka tino puea haere ēnei, engari ka tino pai te whakautu ki te chemotherapy.

Ka āwhina tēnei wehenga i tō rōpū hauora ki te whiriwhiri i te mahere whakaora tino whai hua e rite ana ki tō momo mate pukupuku.

He aha ngā tohu o ngā mate pukupuku ira tangata?

He rerekē ngā tohu kei runga i te wāhi e whanake ana te mate pukupuku i roto i tō tinana. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e kite tuatahi ana i te pupū mamae kore, ahakoa ehara i te mea pera tonu.

Tāea tatou te haere i ngā tohu tino noa ka pā atu ki a koe, kia mahara ko te whai i ēnei tohu kāhore e tino tikanga kei a koe te mate pukupuku ira tangata.

Ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku ira tangata o te whekau

• Pupū mamae kore, te pupū rānei i tetahi whekau
• Te ahua taimaha o te scrotum
• Te mamae ngawari i te puku raro, te uaua rānei
• Te kohikohi ohorere o te wai i roto i te scrotum
• Te ngawari o te u, te tipu rānei (nā ngā huringa homoni)
• Te mamae o te tuara (ki te horapa te mate pukupuku)

Ko te nuinga o ngā tāne ka kite i te pupū i te wā o te whakamātautau whaiaro, te kaukau rānei. Ko te āhuatanga matua ko te mea kaore e mamae, ka ārahi i ētahi wā i ngā tāngata ki te whakaroa i te rapu awhina hauora.

Ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku ira tangata o te ovaries

• Te mamae o te kopu, te kore rānei e pai
• Te pupū, te ahua makona wawe rānei i te kai
• Ngā wā marama kore noa
• Te ruaki, te ruaki rānei
• Te pehanga o te uaua, te mamae rānei
• Te mamae ohorere o te kopu (ki te piko te mate pukupuku)

Ka taea e ēnei tohu te ngāwari, ā, ka tupu haere pea i te wā. Ka maha ngā wā e whakawhāiti ana ki ētahi atu āhuatanga noa, koia te take e nui ai te aromatawai hauora tika.

Tohu o te mate pukupuku pūtau ira i waho o ngā kōpū whakaputa uri

Ina tupu ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira i waho o ngā kōpū whakaputa uri, ka whakawhirinaki ngā tohu ki te wāhi motuhake. Ka pāngia pea e ngā mate pukupuku uma te manawa, i te wā ka taea e ngā mate pukupuku kopu te whakaputa i ngā raruraru o te pūnaha kai.

• Tōngitongi uma, kīhai rānei e taea te manawa (mate pukupuku uma)
• Tōngitongi kopu, kīhai rānei te nui (mate pukupuku kopu)
• Ngaumatua, kīhai rānei ngā huringa tirohanga (mate pukupuku roro)
• Tōngitongi tuara, kīhai rānei ngā tohu neurological (mate pukupuku tuaiwi)
• Nui, kīhai rānei te pupuhi o te kaki (mate pukupuku kaki)

He iti ake te noho o ēnei wāhi, engari e hiahiatia ana te aro nui rite tonu ki ngā mate pukupuku i roto i ngā kōpū whakaputa uri. Ka tino whakapai ake te kite wawe i ngā hua whakaora.

Tohu onge me ngā pānga e pā ana ki te homoni

Ka whakaputa etahi mate pukupuku pūtau ira i ngā homoni ka taea te whakaputa i ngā tohu rerekē. Ka pāngia pea koe e ngā huringa ohorere i roto i tō tinana e kore e rite ki te mate pukupuku.

Ka taea e ēnei mate pukupuku e whakaputa ana i te homoni te whakaputa i te whanaketanga o te u i ngā tane, te pakeketanga wawe i ngā tamariki, kīhai rānei ngā wā i ngā wāhine. Ka whanake etahi tangata i ngā tohu penei i ngā huringa ngākau, te nui o te taumaha, kīhai rānei te nui o te tipu o te huruhuru.

Ahakoa he onge, ka pāngia etahi tangata e ngā tohu pūnaha penei i te ngenge kore whakamaarama, te kirika, kīhai rānei te wera i te pō. Ko ēnei tohu whānui me ētahi tohu rohe e hiahiatia ana te aromatawai hauora.

He aha te take o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira?

E kore e tino mōhiotia te take tika o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira, engari e whakapono ana ngā kairangahau nā ngā hapa i te wā o te whanaketanga o te pēpi. Ka puta ēnei hapa ina neke haere ngā pūtau ira ki ō rātou wāhi tika i roto i te pēpi e whanake ana.

Kāore i rite ki te nuinga o ētahi atu mate pukupuku, kāore ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira i hono atu ki ngā take āhuarangi penei i te whakakī te hikareti, te kai rānei. Engari, ka puta mai i ngā huringa ira e puta ana i te timatanga o te ora, i mua atu pea o te whānautanga.

Kua kitea e ngā kairangahau ētahi take ka āhei te whakauru ki tō rātou whanaketanga, ahakoa te whai i ēnei take kāore e whakamana ka whanake koe i te mate pukupuku.

Ngā take whanaketanga

I te wā o te whanaketanga o te pēpi, me haere ngā pūtau ira mai i tō rātou wāhi taketake ki ngā kōpū whakaputa uri e whanake ana. I etahi wā ka ngaro ēnei pūtau i te huarahi, kāore rānei e whanake tika ina tae atu rātou.

Ka piki haere te tūponotanga o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira o te whekau ki ngā āhuatanga penei i ngā whekau kore e heke (cryptorchidism). Ka whakaatu mai tenei ko te whanaketanga tika o te pūtau ira me te wāhi he mea nui ki te aukati i te hanganga o te mate pukupuku.

Ka āhei hoki ētahi atu rerekētanga whanaketanga o te pūnaha whakaputa uri ki te whakauru ki te piki o te tūponotanga, ahakoa kāore ngā hononga i te marama tonu.

Ngā take ira

He wāhi te hītori whānau i etahi take, me ngā teina me ngā tama a te hunga e pā ana he nui ake te tūponotanga. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira ka puta ki ngā tāngata kāore he hītori whānau o te āhuatanga.

Ka taea e ētahi mate ira penei i te mate Klinefelter te piki i tō tūponotanga. Ka pā ēnei āhuatanga ki te whanaketanga ira tino, ā, ka āhei te whakatūpato i ngā pūtau kia riro hei mate pukupuku.

Kua kitea e ngā kairangahau ngā huringa ira motuhake i roto i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku, engari ka whiwhihia ēnei i te wā o te whanaketanga o te mate pukupuku, kāore i te whakararangi mai i ngā mātua.

Ngā take whakauru onge

Ka taea e ētahi āhuatanga hauora me ngā maimoatanga te piki iti i te tūponotanga, ahakoa he onge rawa ēnei hononga. Ka taea e ngā maimoatanga mate pukupuku o mua, inā te rongoā radiation ki te upoko, te piki i te tūponotanga o te whanaketanga o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira i muri mai.

Ka taea hoki te whai wāhi e ētahi āhuatanga autoimmune me ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate, ahakoa kāo te mārama katoa ki ngā tikanga. Kua arotakehia whānuitia ngā take taiao, engari kāore anō kia whakatūria he hononga mārama.

I te nuinga o ngā take, ka whanake ngā mate pūtau ira kaore he take rānei he take tūponotanga e taea te tautuhi, ka iti ai ngā rautaki aukati engari he mea nui te kite wawe.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō ngā mate pūtau ira?

Me haere wawe koe ki te taote mena ka kite koe i ētahi pupū roa, pupū, kāore rānei i ngā tohu koretake i roto i ōu tūpuna whakaū. Ko te aromatawai wawe te ki mō ngā hua pai rawa atu, a he maha ngā tohu āwangawanga he whakamārama ngāwari.

Kaua e tatari kia kino ake ngā tohu, kāore rānei e tumanako kia ora ake rātou. Ko te nuinga o ngā mate pūtau ira ka taea te whakaora pai ina mau wawe, ka waiho hei mea nui te tiaki hauora tika.

Me hiahia te tiaki hauora tonu

He maha ngā tohu e hiahia ana ki te aromatawai hauora tere, i te mea ka tohu pea rātou i ngā raruraru, i ngā mate pūtau e tipu haere ana. Me whai rongoā i tēnei rā, i te rongoā āwhina rānei ēnei āhuatanga.

• Te mamae o te kopu, o te upoko rānei, ka puta pēhea
• Te piki tere o te rahi o tetahi pupū, o te nui rānei
• Te poto o te manawa, te mamae o te uma rānei
• Te tīmatanga ohorere o ngā tohu neurological
• Ngā tohu o te pakaru o te mate pūtau, o te toto rānei

Ka taea e ēnei tohu te tohu i ngā raruraru nui penei i te kōwhiringa mate pūtau, te pakaru, te tipu tere rānei e hiahia ana ki te whakauru wawe.

Whakatau rā whakarite

He maha ngā tohu e hiahia ana ki te aromatawai hauora i roto i ngā rā torutoru ki ngā wiki, kei runga i tōna kino me tō taumata awangawanga. Whakawhirinaki ki ō whakaaro mō ngā huringa i roto i tō tinana.

• Tetahi pupū hou, te nui rānei, ina koa ki te kore mamae
• Te pupū o te kopu, te kore ngāwari rānei
• Ngā huringa kore whakamaarama i ngā huringa marama
• Te piki haere o te rahi o te kopu
• Te mamae o te tuara roa kaore he take mārama
• Ngā huringa u koretake i ngā tane

Kia mahara ko te nuinga o ēnei tohu he take ngāwari, engari ko te aromatawai hauora tika anake te ka taea te whakatau i te take.

He aha ngā take morearea mō ngā mate pūtau ira?

He maha ngā take ka piki ake ai tō tūmanako ki te whanake i ngā mate pūtau ira, ahakoa ehara i te tikanga ka whanake koe i tētahi mena kei a koe ngā take morearea. Ko te mārama ki ēnei take te āwhina ki te kite wawe me te matauranga.

Ko te nuinga o te hunga e whanake ana i ngā mate pūtau ira kāhore he take morearea e taea te tautuhi, ā, ko ētahi atu kei a rātou ngā take morearea maha kāhore e whanake i ngā mate pūtau. Ko tēnei kore whakatinanatanga e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te matauranga i te manukanuka.

Ngā take pakeke me te ira tangata

• Ngā tāne taitamariki 15-35 tau (te pakeke teitei mō ngā mate pūtau whekau)
• Ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki taitamariki (mō ētahi momo)
• Ngā kōhine taitamariki me ngā wāhine taitamariki (mō ngā momo hua manu)
• Ngā tāne neke atu i te 50 (mō ētahi momo onge)

He rerekē rawa ngā tauira pakeke e whai ana i te momo mate pūtau me te wāhi. Ko ngā mate pūtau ira whekau te nuinga e pā ana ki ngā tāne taitamariki, ā, ko ngā momo hua manu te nuinga e puta ana i ngā wāhine taitamariki.

Ngā take morearea hauora me te ira

Ka taea e ētahi āhuatanga hauora me ngā take ira te piki ake o tō morearea, ahakoa ko te nuinga kei te noho mai i te whānau mai rānei i te tamarikitanga.

• Ngā whekau kāhore i heke iho (cryptorchidism)
• Te hītori whānau o ngā mate pūtau ira
• Te mate pūtau ira o mua (ka piki ake te morearea i tetahi atu whekau)
• Te mate Klinefelter
• Te kore tamariki rānei te whanaketanga o te purapura kāhore i te tika
• Ētahi āhuatanga intersex

Ko te whai i ngā whekau kāhore i heke iho ka piki ake te morearea ahakoa i muri i te whakatika pokanga, e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te kite wawe i ēnei tangata.

Ngā take morearea onge

Ka taea e ētahi take iti ake te piki ake o te morearea, ahakoa he ngoikore te hononga me te kore e tino mārama.

Ka taea e ngā rongoā mate pukupuku o mua, inā te rongoā whakahiato, te whakapiki ake i te tūponotanga i muri i ngā tau maha, i ngā tekau tau rānei. E whakaatu ana etahi rangahau he whakauru mahi pea tētahi wāhi, engari he iti tonu te mōhiotanga.

Kua akohia ngā take whaea i te wā hapu, pēnei i te whakauru homoni, i ētahi rongoā rānei, engari he kore whaitake ngā hononga. Ko te nuinga o ngā rangahau e aro ana ki te mārama atu i te aukati i ēnei take tūponotanga onge.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira?

Ahakoa te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira ka taea te whakaora pai, ka taea e rātou te whakaeke i ngā raruraru ki te kore e whakaorahia, ki te tupu nui rawa atu rānei kia pā ki ngā whekau tata.

Ko te rongo pai, mā ngā tikanga whakaora hou, he onge te raruraru nui. Ko te nuinga o te hunga e pangia ana e ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira ka ora tonu, ka ora hauora i muri i te whakaora.

Ngā raruraru rohe

Ka taea e ngā mate pukupuku te whakaeke i ngā raruraru i te wāhi e tupu ana, inā ka nui rawa atu, ka pēhi rānei ki ngā hanganga tata.

• Te pēhinga o ngā whekau tata, o ngā oko toto rānei
• Te hurihuri o te mate pukupuku (hurihuri), e whakaeke ana i te mamae nui
• Te pakaru o te mate pukupuku, e arahi ana ki te toto o roto
• Te aukati i te mahi noa o te whekau
• Te mate, ki te pakaru te mate pukupuku

Ko ēnei raruraru te nuinga ka whakaeke i ngā tohu ohorere, nui, e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora tonu. Ko te whakaora tere te nuinga ka whakatau pai i ēnei take.

Ngā raruraru pūnaha

Ka taea e ētahi mate pukupuku pūtau ira te horapa ki ētahi atu wāhi o te tinana, te whakaputa rānei i ngā mea e pā ana ki tō hauora whānui.

• Te horapa ki ngā pūtau lymph, ngā pūkahukahu, ki ētahi atu whekau rānei
• Te whakaputa homoni e whakaeke ana i ngā tohu maha
• Te mate lysis pukupuku i te wā whakaora
• Ngā raruraru toto
• Ngā pānga pūnaha mate pukupuku

Ahakoa te hora o ngā mate pukupuku, ko ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira tāngata tonu te tino ora mō te rongoā tika. Ko te kite wawe me te rongoā ka whakaiti nui i te tūponotanga o ēnei raruraru.

Ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te whakaotinga

Ka pā ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira tāngata me ō rātou rongoā ki te whakaotinga, he mea nui tēnei ki te tini o ngā tūmanako,inā hoki ko ngā tāne me ngā wāhine kōuri.

Ka raru pea te mate pukupuku anō ki te whakaotinga mā te pā ki te whanaketanga o ngā pūtau ira tāngata noa, te whakaputa horomona rānei. Ka pā hoki te rongoā mā te pokanga, te chemotherapy, te radiation rānei ki te whakaotinga o muri.

Heoi, he tokomaha tonu te whakaotinga i muri i te rongoā, ā, he huarahi whakaora whakaotinga kei te wātea i mua i te tīmatanga o te rongoā. Mā tō rōpū hauora e kōrero ki a koe mō ēnei kōwhiringa i te tīmatanga o te mahinga whakarite rongoā.

Ngā raruraru onge engari nui

I etahi wā onge rawa, ka huri pea etahi momo mate pukupuku pūtau ira tāngata ki ētahi atu momo mate pukupuku, te raruraru nui metabolic rānei.

Ka taea e ētahi mate pukupuku kore-seminomatous te whanake ki ngā momo mate pukupuku kaha ake mēnā kāore i te rongoātia mō ngā wā roa. I tua atu, ka taea e ngā mate pukupuku tere te tipu te whakaputa i ngā koretake metabolic e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere hauora tonu.

Kaore ngā raruraru nei e noa ki ngā huarahi kite wawe me te rongoā hou, engari e whakakaupapa ana i te hiranga o te kore whakaroa i te tiaki hauora ina puta mai ngā tohu.

Me pēhea te whakamātautau i ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira tāngata?

Ko te whakamātautau i ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira tāngata he maha ngā kaupae, te tīmatanga ki te hītori hauora tino tika me te whakamātautau tinana. Ka ui tō tākuta ki ō tohu, te hītori whānau, me ētahi tūponotanga pea kei a koe.

Ko te mahinga whakamātautau i hangaia, ehara i te mea hei whakau i te tūmanako o te mate pukupuku anake, engari hei whakatau i tōna momo me tōna whānui. He mea nui tēnei mō te whakawhanake i te mahere rongoā tino whai hua mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Te aromatawai tuatahi

Ka tīmata tō tākuta me te whakamātau tinana whānui, me te arotahi ki te wāhi e pā ana ngā tohu ki a koe. Ka tūhonotia e rātou ngā pūngāwerewere, ngā kohinga, ngā wāhi ranei e pupū ana.

Mō ngā āhuatanga o te hua manu, ka uru atu ki ēnei te whakamātau ata whakaaro ki ngā hua manu e rua me te wāhi e karapotia ana. Mō ngā tohu o te kopu, ka tirotirohia e tō tākuta ngā kohinga, te whakapiri o te wai, ngā wāhi ranei e mamae ana.

Ka āwhina tēnei aromatawai tuatahi ki te arahi i ngā whakamātau atu ka tino whai hua ki te whakatutuki i te tātaritanga.

Ngā whakamātau toto me ngā tohu mate pukupuku

He tino mahi ngā whakamātau toto ki te tātaritanga i ngā mate pukupuku pūtau hua, nā te mea he maha ngā pūtau e whakaputa ana i ngā pūmua motuhake e kiia nei ko ngā tohu mate pukupuku. Ka taea te ine i ēnei tohu i roto i tō toto, ā, ka āwhina i te tautuhi i te momo mate pukupuku.

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) – teitei i roto i te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku kore-seminomatous
• Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) – ka taea te teitei i roto i ngā momo rerekē
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) – tohu ana i te pakaru o te pūtau me te mahi mate pukupuku
• Te tatau toto katoa me te panui matū whānui

He whai hua hoki ēnei tohu ki te aroturuki i te whakautu i te maimoatanga me te kimi i tetahi whakahokinga mai i muri i te whakaoti i te maimoatanga.

Ngā rangahau whakaahua

Ka āwhina ngā whakamātau whakaahua maha ki te kite i te mate pukupuku me te whakatau mena kua horapa ki ētahi atu wāhi o tō tinana. Ka tīpako tō tākuta i ngā whakamātau tino tika i runga i ō tohu me te wāhi o te mate pukupuku e whakapaetia ana.

• Ultrasound – te whakamātau tuatahi i te nuinga mō ngā kohinga hua manu, hua manu wahine rānei
• Ngā tātaritanga CT – ngā whakaahua taipitopito o te uma, te kopu, me te upoko
• MRI – he whai hua mō ngā mate pukupuku roro, te aromatawai taipitopito ranei o ngā kiko ngawari
• X-ray uma – ki te tirotiro i te urupare o te pūkahukahu
• PET scan – i etahi wā ka whakamahia hei kimi i ngā wāhi iti o te horapa o te mate pukupuku

He kore mamae ēnei whakamātau, ā, ka homai ngā mōhiohio taipitopito e pā ana ki te rāhi, te wāhi, me ngā āhuatanga o ngā mate pukupuku e kitea ana.

Te tātaritanga kiko

I te nuinga o ngā wā, he mea tika te whakamātautau i te kōpū mate pūngāwerewere i raro i te microscope hei whakatūpato i te mate. Ka rerekē te huarahi o te tiki i te kōpū i runga i te wāhi o te mate pūngāwerewere.

Mō ngā mate pūngāwerewere o te whekau, ka tangohia katoatia te whekau kua pā te mate mā te pokanga (e kiia nei ko te orchiectomy). Ka aukati tēnei huarahi i te tūponotanga o te hora o ngā pūtau mate pūngāwerewere ka puta mai i te biopsy ngira.

Mō ngā mate pūngāwerewere o te ovaries, ka whakawhirinaki te huarahi ki te rāhi me ngā āhuatanga o te kohinga. I etahi wā ka mahia he biopsy i te wā o te pokanga, i etahi atu wā ka tangohia katoatia te mate pūngāwerewere hei tātaritanga.

Mō ngā mate pūngāwerewere extragonadal, ka taea te mahi i te biopsy ngira, te biopsy pokanga rānei hei tiki i te kōpū mō te whakatau.

Ngā whakamātautau motuhake

Ina tae mai te kōpū, ka mahi ngā pathologists i te tātaritanga taipitopito hei whakatau i te momo germ cell tumor. Kei roto i ēnei te tirotiro i te ahua o ngā pūtau me te mahi i ngā whakairo motuhake e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga motuhake.

Ka taea hoki te mahi i te whakamātautau ira o te kōpū mate pūngāwerewere hei tautuhi i ngā rerekētanga motuhake, ngā āhuatanga rānei e āhei ana te arahi i ngā whakatau ātete.

Ka whakakotahitia katoatia ēnei korero ki roto i te ripoata whānui e āhei ana te awhina i tō rōpū hauora ki te whakawhanake i te mahere ātete tino tika mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

He aha te ātete mō ngā mate pūngāwerewere germ cell?

He tino angitu te ātete mō ngā mate pūngāwerewere germ cell, me ngā reiti whakaora e pā ana ki te 95% mō te nuinga o ngā momo ina mau wawe. Ka whakaritea tō mahere ātete ki tō momo mate pūngāwerewere motuhake, tō wāhi, me te whānui o te mate.

Ko ngā huarahi ātete matua ko te pokanga, te chemotherapy, ā, i etahi wā te radiation therapy. Ko te nuinga o te iwi ka whiwhi i te whakakotahitanga o ēnei ātete mō ngā hua pai rawa atu.

Te ātete pokanga

Ko te pokanga te mea tuatahi i te ātete, ā, he whakamahi anō hoki hei whakatau me te rongoā. Ko te whānui o te pokanga ka whakawhirinaki ki te wāhi me te rāhi o te mate pūngāwerewere.

• Orchiectomy (Tango i te whekau) mō ngā mate pukupuku o te whekau
• Tango i te mate pukupuku o te ovaries, i etahi wā me te ovaries anō
• Tango i te mate pukupuku i ngā wāhi ke atu i ngā whekau ira
• Tango i ngā ngota lymph mehemea kua horapa te mate pukupuku
• Tango i ngā toenga o ngā kohinga i muri i te chemotherapy

Ko ngā tikanga pokanga hou e tuku ana i te nuinga o te wā mō ngā huarahi whakaora i ngā whekau, ina koa mō ngā mate pukupuku ovaries i ngā wāhine taitamariki e hiahia ana kia tiakina te hua.

Chemotherapy

He tino whai hua te chemotherapy ki ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira, ahakoa kua horapa ki ētahi atu wāhi o te tinana. Ko te tikanga whakamahinga tino nui ko te BEP, e whakakotahi ana i ētahi rongoā kaha e toru hei whawhai ki te mate pukupuku.

Ko te tikanga BEP paerewa kei roto i te bleomycin, etoposide, me te cisplatin. Ko te nuinga o te iwi ka whiwhi i te 3-4 kaupae o te maimoatanga, me ia kaupae e toru wiki te roa.

Ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi atu tikanga penei i te EP (etoposide me te cisplatin) mō te hunga kaore e taea te whiwhi bleomycin nā ngā raruraru o te pūkahukahu. Ka tohua e tō oncologist te tikanga pai mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Ka taea te whakahaere i ngā pānga o te chemotherapy me te tiaki tautoko hou, ā, ka taea e te nuinga o te iwi te pupuri i te kounga ora e tika ana i te wā o te maimoatanga.

Radiation therapy

He tino whai hua te radiation therapy mō ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira seminomatous. Ka whakamahi ia i ngā hihi kaha ki te whakangaro i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku, ā, e whakamahia pinepine ana i muri i te pokanga hei aukati i te puta mai anō.

Kua whakaritea tika te radiation hei tautuhi i ngā wāhi kei reira pea ngā pūtau mate pukupuku e toe ana, me te tiaki i ngā whekau hauora e tata ana. Ko te maimoatanga e hoatuhia ana i ia rā i roto i ngā wiki 2-3.

Ko ngā pānga o te radiation he ngawari, he tūturu noa iho, tae atu ki te ngenge me te mamae o te kiri i te wāhi maimoatanga.

High-dose chemotherapy me te whakawhiti pūtau pūtau

Mō te iti o te ōrau o te iwi e kore o rātou mate pukupuku e whakautu ki te maimoatanga paerewa, ka taea te tūtohutia te chemotherapy nui te horopeta e whai ana i te whakawhiti pūtau pūtau.

Ko te maimoatanga kaha tēnei e whakauru ana i te kohikohi i ō pūtau take i mua i te hoatu i ngā rāpoi nui o te chemotherapy, katahi ka whakahokia ngā pūtau take hei āwhina i tō wheua wheua kia ora.

Ahakoa kaha ake, ka taea e tēnei huarahi te whakaora i te tini o te hunga i kore o rātou mate pūngāwerewere i whakautu ki te maimoatanga tuatahi.

Te Maimoatanga mō ngā Āhuatanga Motuhake

Ko ngā wāhine hāpai me ngā mate pūngāwerewere germ cell e hiahia ana ki te whakaaro motuhake hei tiaki i te whaea me te pēpi. Ka taea te whakaroa i te maimoatanga kia mutu ra ano te whānau mō ngā mate pūngāwerewere e puea ana.

Ko ngā tamariki me ngā mate pūngāwerewere germ cell e whiwhi pinepine ana i ngā kaupapa maimoatanga whakarereke i hoahoahia hei whakaiti i ngā pānga roa-roa i te wā e pupuri ana i ngā reiti whakaora teitei.

Ko te hunga he maha ngā āhuatanga hauora ka whiwhi i ngā mahere maimoatanga whakarereke e whakaaro ana ki o rātou āhuatanga hauora whānui i te wā e whakarato tonu ana i te maimoatanga mate pukupuku whai hua.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā tohu kei te kāinga i te wā o te maimoatanga?

Ko te whakahaere i ngā pānga me ngā tohu kei te kāinga he wāhanga nui o tō haerenga maimoatanga. Ka taea te whakahaere pai i te tini o ngā tohu me ngā mahi ngāwari, hei āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i tō kounga ora i te wā o te maimoatanga.

Korero atu ki tō rōpū hauora mō ētahi tohu e pā ana ki a koe. Ka taea e rātou te whakarato i ngā aratohu motuhake me te whakarereke i tō mahere maimoatanga mena e hiahiatia ana.

Te whakahaere i te ruaki me ngā take hiahia kai

Ko te ruaki he pānga noa o te chemotherapy, engari ka taea te whakahaere pai me te huarahi tika. Ka tohutohu tō tākuta i ngā rongoā anti-nausea hei tango i mua i muri i te maimoatanga.

• Kai iti, maha ngā kai i te rā katoa
• Kōwhiri kai ngawari penei i ngā kēki, te witi, te raihi rānei
• Kia makona ki ngā wai mārama iti
• Kaua e kai i ngā mea kakara kaha me ngā kai kawa
• Whakamātauria te tii karika, te konupū karika rānei
• Okioki ki te wāhi māhorahora, hau pai

Mēnā kei te raru koe ki te kai, arotahi ki ngā kai nui te kaha, nui te kai ārai i te wā e hiahia ana koe ki te kai. Ka taea e ngā taapiri kai te awhina i te whakakī i ngā wāhi kē i roto i tō kai.

Whakahaere i te ngenge

He rerekē te ngenge e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku i te ngenge noa, ā, pea ka kore e pai ake mā te okioki anake. Heoi, he ngā rautaki ka taea te awhina i a koe ki te pupuri i ō taumata kaha.

• Whakatauritehia te mahi me te okioki i te rā katoa
• Tangohia ngā moe poto (20-30 meneti) ki te hiahiatia
• Noho hei mahi kaha taea ai me te whakakori ngawari
• Tūmatatia ngā mahi nui me te tuku atu i ētahi atu
• Pupuri i te wā moe noa
• Tono awhina ki ngā mahi o ia rā ina hiahiatia

Ka taea e te whakakori māori penei i te hikoi te whakapai ake i ngā taumata kaha, ahakoa pea ka whakaaro kē koe ki te whakahoki mai i te wā e ngenge ana koe.

Te aukati i te mate

Ka taea e te chemotherapy te whakaiti i tō maha o ngā pūtau toto ma, ka nui ake ai te mate ki ngā mate. Ka taea e te tango i ngā whakarite te pupuri i a koe i te hauora i te wā o te maimoatanga.

• Horoihia ō ringa i nga wa katoa ki te hauwai me te wai
• Kaua e haere ki ngā mano tangata me ngā tāngata e mate ana
• Tunua pai te mīti me ngā hua manu
• Horoihia ngā hua me ngā huawhenua i mua i te kai
• Pupuri i tō waha kia ma ki te tiaki waha ngawari
• Mataarahia ngā tohu o te mate pēnei i te kirikau, te wiri rānei

Whakapaa atu ki tō rōpū hauora tonu mena ka puta he kirikau neke atu i te 100.4°F (38°C) teitei atu rānei ngā tohu o te mate.

Te tautoko hauora hinengaro me te ngakau

Ko te whakahaere i te whakatau o te mate pukupuku me te maimoatanga ka wero nui ki te hinengaro. He mea noa te wheako i te maha o ngā kare-a-roto, ā, he rauemi kei te wātea hei awhina.

Whakaarohia te whakauru ki tētahi rōpū tautoko mō ngā tāngata he rite ngā whakatau, ahakoa i te tangata, i te ipurangi rānei. He tokomaha te kite i te whai hua ki te hono atu ki ētahi atu e mārama ana ki te mea kei te pā ana ki a rātou.

Kaua e whakaroa ki te tono tautoko tohutohu ngaio ki te mea kei te whawhai koe ki te awangawanga, te pouri, te raruraru o te ngakau ranei. He wahi nui te hauora hinengaro o tō maimoatanga katoa.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakatau ki te taakuta?

Ka taea e te whakarite mō ō whakatau hauora te āwhina kia whiwhi koe i te hua nui rawa atu i tō wā me tō rōpū hauora. Ko te haere mai i te whakahaere me ngā pūrongo me ngā pātai ka āwhina i te whakawhitiwhiti korero pai ake me te whakatau.

Kia mahara kahore he pātai iti rawa te iti rānei. E hiahia ana tō rōpū hauora ki te āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki tō āhuatanga, ā, kia mārama ki tō maimoatanga.

Ngā korero hei kohikohi i mua i tō whakatau

Ko te kohikohi i ngā korero tika i mua i te wā ka āwhina i tō taakuta ki te mārama pai ake ki tō āhuatanga, ā, kia pai ake ngā tohutohu maimoatanga.

• Rārangi kākāriki o ngā rongoā me ngā taapiri o nāianei
• Hītori whānau o te mate pukupuku, ina koa ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira
• Tāimaira o te wā i puta mai ai ngā tohu
• Ngā rēkōta hauora o mua e pā ana ki tō āhuatanga
• Ngā korero inihua me ngā pepa tohutoro
• Rārangi o ētahi atu taakuta e kite ana koe

Mēnā kua oti iā koe te mahi whakaahua rānei, ngā whakamātautau toto rānei i ētahi atu wāhi, ngana ki te tiki i ngā tārua hei mau mai rānei, hei tuku atu rānei ki te tari o tō taakuta i mua.

Ngā pātai hei ui ki tō rōpū hauora

Ko te tuhituhi i ō pātai i mua i te wā ka whakarite kia kaua e wareware koe ki ngā kaupapa nui i te wā o tō whakatau. Koinei ētahi wāhanga matua hei whakaaro ki te ui atu.

• He aha te momo mate pūtau ira tangata kei ahau?
• He aha te wā o taku mate pūtau, ā, he aha te tikanga o taua mea?
• He aha ngā whiringa rongoā mōku?
• He aha ngā painga me ngā tūponotanga o ia rongoā?
• Me pēhea te pānga o te rongoā ki tōku oranga o ia rā?
• He aha ngā pānga roa e taea ai?
• Me pēhea te mōhio atu ka mahi ana te rongoā?
• Me aha ahau mēnā ka pāngia ahau e ngā pānga?

Kaua e manukanuka ki te maha o ngā pātai. E tumanako ana tō rōpū hauora, ā, e mihi ana ki ō pātai, nā te mea ka whakaatu mai rātou kei te whai wāhi koe ki tō tiaki.

Ngā mea hei kawea ki ngā whakaritenga

Mā te whakarite pai ki ngā whakaritenga ka awhina i ngā mea katoa kia ngāwari ake te mahi, ā, ka whakarite kia whiwhi koe i ngā mea e hiahia ana koe mō te whakatau.

• Whakaahua whakamārama me ngā kāri inihua
• Rārangi rongoā katoa me ngā horopeta
• Pukapuka, rānei waea mō te tuhi i ngā kōrero
• Rārangi o ngā pātai e hiahia ana koe ki te ui
• Ngā hua whakamātautau o mua, rānei ngā rēkōta hauora
• Ngā korero whakapā mo ētahi atu tākuta
• He tangata tautoko mēnā ka hiahiatia

He tokomaha te kite i te whai hua o te kawea mai i tētahi hoa whakawhirinaki, rānei whānau ki ngā whakaritenga mō te tautoko ngākau, ā, hei awhina i te maumahara i ngā kōrero i kōrerotia.

Te whakarite mō ngā whakatau rongoā

Kaore pea koe e hiahia ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau rongoā i tō whakaritenga tuatahi, ā, e pai ana te tango i te wā ki te whakaaroaro i ō whiringa. Heoi, ko te whakaaroaro i ō ngā mea nui i mua i te wā ka awhina.

Whakaarohia te mea nui rawa ki a koe, pēnei i te tiaki i te momona, te whakaiti i te wā atu i te mahi, te whiriwhiri rānei i te rongoā he nui rawa te reiti whakaora. Mā te kōrero i ēnei mea nui ki tō rōpū hauora ka awhina i a rātou ki te whakarite i ngā tūtohu ki ō uara.

Kaua e ngāwari ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau tūturu ki te kore he hiahia hauora. Ka taea te whakaora pai i te nuinga o ngā mate pūtau ira tangata ahakoa ka tango koe i ngā rā torutoru ki te whakaaroaro i ō whiringa, ā, ki te rapu i tētahi atu whakaaro mēnā ka hiahiatia.

He aha te mea nui hei mārama mō ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira?

Ko te mea nui rawa atu hei mārama mō ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira, ko te mea kei roto i ngā mate pukupuku tino ora, me te nui atu i te 95% te rongoā mō te nuinga o ngā momo ina kitea wawe. Ahakoa kua horapa, he tino whakaora tonu ēnei mate pukupuku.

He tino nui te kite wawe i te rereketanga o ngā hua whakaora, na kaua e whakaroa ki te rapu whakamātautau hauora mō ētahi tohu e awangawanga ana. He maha ngā tohu he whakamārama ngāwari, engari ko te aromatawai hauora tika anake e taea te whakatau i te take.

He tino whai hua ngā tikanga whakaora hou i te wā e whakaitihia ana ngā pānga taha roa. Ko te nuinga o te iwi e pangia ana e ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira ka ora tonu, ka ora hauora, i muri i te whakaora, tae atu ki te pupuri i te huaora me te whai whānau.

Ko te matua ko te noho mohio, te korero whakatōtika ki tō rōpū hauora, me te rapu āwhina hauora tere mō ētahi tohu e awangawanga ana. Ki ngā whiringa whakaora o nāianei, he tino whakahaerehia te whakatau o te mate pukupuku pūtau ira, ā, he tino ora.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira

Ka taea te aukati i ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira?

Aroha mai, kaore e taea te aukati i te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira, na te mea ko te tikanga ka puta mai i ngā huringa whanaketanga e puta ana i mua i te whānau. Kāore i rite ki ētahi atu mate pukupuku, kāore e hono atu ki ngā take noho ora penei i te kai paipa, te kai, te pānga taiao rānei.

Heoi, ko te kite wawe mā te mōhio ki ngā tohu me te tiaki hauora tūturu ka ārahi ki te whakaora tere me ngā hua pai. Me mahi ngā tāne i ngā whakamātautau whaiaro o ngā pūwere, ā, me kōrero te tangata katoa kei a rātou ngā take tūponotanga ki tō rātou kaiwhakarato hauora.

Ka taea e au te whānau i muri i te whakaora mō ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira?

He tokomaha te hunga e mau tonu ana te kaha ki te whānau tamariki i muri i te whakaora i ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira, engari ko tēnei e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi take, tae atu ki te momo whakaora i whiwhitia me ngā āhuatanga takitahi. Kei te wātea ngā kōwhiringa tiaki hua i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakaora.

Ka kōrero tō rōpū hauora ki a koe mō ngā āwangawanga mo te hua i te tīmatanga o te mahinga whakarite whakaora. Ā, ka uru pea ngā kōwhiringa ki te tākai purapura mō ngā tāne, ki te whakakīkī hua/pēpi mō ngā wāhine. He tokomaha te hunga i whai tamariki angitu i muri i te whakaoti i te whakaora i ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira.

E hira te hokinga mai o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira i muri i te whakaora?

He iti rawa te auau o te hokinga mai mō ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira, inā koa ka whakaora tika mai i te tīmatanga. Ko te nuinga o ngā hokinga mai ka puta i roto i ngā tau rua tuatahi i muri i te whakaora, koia te take he mea nui te whai i te aro turuki tonu.

Ahakoa ka hoki mai tētahi mate pukupuku, ka noho tonu ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira hei mea tino whakaorahia me te whakaora atu. Ka uru tō kaupapa whai i ngā whakamātautau toto auau, ngā rangahau whakaahua, me ngā tirotiro tinana hei tirotiro i ngā tohu o te hokinga mai.

He kuao te mate pukupuku pūtau ira?

Ahakoa ka taea e te hītori whānau te whakapiki ake i te tūponotanga, ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira kāore i te kuao. Ko te nuinga o te hunga e whānau ana i ēnei mate pukupuku kāore he hītori whānau o te āhuatanga.

He iti te piki o te tūponotanga o ngā teina me ngā tama a ngā tāne me ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira o te kōpū, engari he iti tonu tēnei. Ka taea te tūtohutia te tohutohu ira mō ngā whānau he maha ngā mema kua pāngia, ahakoa he mea onge tēnei.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira pai me ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira kino?

Ko ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira pai, pēnei i ngā teratoma pakeke, kāore e horapa ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana, ā, ka whakaorangia me te tango wawe anake. Ko ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira kino he kaha ki te horapa, engari he tino whakaora tonu me te whakaora tika.

Ahakoa ngā mate pukupuku pūtau ira tāngata kino, ka whakautu pai ki te rongoā, me ngā reiti whakaora e pā ana ki te 95% mā te nuinga o ngā momo. Ko te wehewehenga hei arahi i te whakarite maimoatanga, engari e rua ngā momo he hua pai ina whakahaeretia tika.