He aha te Glioma? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te glioma tētahi momo mate pūngāwerewere roro e tupu ana i ngā pūtau glial, arā, ngā pūtau tautoko e karapotia ana, e tiaki ana i ngā pūtau io o tō roro. Whakaarohia ngā pūtau glial hei ‘kāitiaki’ o te roro e āwhina ana i ngā neurons kia mahi tika.

Ka rere ke te rahi o ēnei mate pūngāwerewere, mai i ngā momo tupu haere māmā ka roa pea ngā tau kia puta ai ngā tohu e kitea ana, tae noa ki ngā momo kaha ake e hiahia ana ki te tiaki wawe. Ahakoa ka raru pea te rongonga i te ‘mate pūngāwerewere roro’, he maha ngā glioma ka taea te whakaora, ā, kei te haere tonu te whakapai ake o ngā rongoā hauora mō ngā turoro.

He aha ngā tohu o te glioma?

Ka tupu haere māmā ngā tohu o te glioma, ā, ka ngāwari pea te whakakore i te tīmatanga. Ko ngā tohu motuhake ka pā ki a koe e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wāhi o te mate pūngāwerewere i roto i tō roro me tōna rahi.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu tino noa e kitea ana e te tangata:

• Ngā mamae o te upoko e mau tonu ana, ka kaha ake pea i te wā, ina koa i te ata
• Ngā hopu, ā, koinei pea te tohu tuatahi mō te tini o te iwi
• Ngā huringa i te hinengaro, te ngākau, te āhua e kitea ana e ētahi atu
• Te uaua ki te mahara, te aro, te whakaaro mārama
• Te ngoikore, te ngawari rānei o te taha kotahi o tō tinana
• Ngā raruraru ki te kōrero, pēnei i ngā kupu whakapohehe, te uaua rānei ki te kimi i ngā kupu tika
• Ngā huringa o te tirohanga, tae atu ki te mōrehu, te rua tirohanga rānei
• Ngā raruraru o te tū, te uaua rānei ki te hikoi
• Te ruaki, te ruaki rānei, ina koa i te ata

Ko ētahi atu tohu kaore e tino kitea ko ngā huringa o te whakarongo, te uaua ki te horomi, te raruraru rānei ki te whakataurite. Ka tupu haere māmā pea ēnei tohu i roto i ngā marama, ka puta rānei i te wa poto, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere o te tupu o te mate pūngāwerewere me tōna wāhi.

He mea nui kia mahara ko ēnei tohu ka puta mai i ētahi atu take atu i te glioma. Heoi, ki te pā ana ki a koe ētahi o ēnei tohu, kei te kaha ake rānei i te wā, he mea tika kia kōrero atu ki tō tākuta.

He aha ngā momo glioma?

Ka wehewehea ngā glioma ki ngā momo rerekē e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo pūtau glial i puta mai ai rātou me te kaha o te tupu. Ko te mārama ki ēnei momo e āwhina ana i ngā tākuta ki te whakatau i te huarahi maimoatanga pai mō ia tangata.

Ko ēnei ngā momo matua:

• Astrocytomas: Ka tupu ēnei mai i ngā pūtau whetu e kiia nei ko ngā astrocytes, ā, koinei te momo glioma tino noa
• Oligodendrogliomas: Ka puta ēnei mai i ngā pūtau e whakaputa ana i te hipoki tiaki i ngā muka io
• Ependymomas: Ka hanga ēnei mai i ngā pūtau e raina ana i ngā wāhi kapi wai i roto i tō roro
• Ngā glioma whakaranu: Kei roto i ēnei neke atu i te kotahi momo pūtau glial

Ka tohutohu ano ngā tākuta i ngā glioma mai i te 1 ki te 4 e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ahua o ngā pūtau i raro i te microscope. Ko ngā glioma tohu 1 me te 2 e kiia ana he iti te tohu, ā, ka tupu haere māmā. Ko ngā glioma tohu 3 me te 4 he nui te tohu, ā, ka tere ake te tupu, e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga kaha ake.

Ko te momo tino kaha ko te glioblastoma, arā, he astrocytoma tohu 4. Ahakoa ka wehi pea tenei whakatau, kei te whakawhanakehia tonu ngā rongoā hou, ā, he maha ngā tāngata e ora ana i ngā oranga whai kiko ahakoa he glioma teitei te tohu.

He aha te take o te glioma?

Kei te mōhiotia tonu te take tika o te nuinga o ngā glioma, ka raru pea tenei ina rapu koe i ngā whakautu. Ko te mea e mōhiotia ana e tātou, ko te tupu o ngā glioma ina huri ngā pūtau glial noa ki ngā huringa ira e āhei ai te tupu kore-mana.

He maha ngā take ka āhei te whakauru ki ēnei huringa ira:

• Te whakamahinga o te radiation ki te upoko i mua, ahakoa koinei anake te iti o te ōrau o ngā take
• Ētahi āhuatanga ira tupurangi, pēnei i te neurofibromatosis, te Li-Fraumeni syndrome rānei
• Te pakeke, i te mea ka noa ake ngā glioma i te wā e pakeke haere ana tātou
• Te ira tangata, me ētahi momo ka noa ake i ngā tāne, i ngā wāhine rānei

He mea nui kia mōhio ko te nuinga o ngā wā, kaore ngā glioma i puta mai i tetahi mea i mahi koe, i kore rānei i mahi. Kāore rātou e pāhekeheke, ā, kāore rātou e tupu i roto i ngā whānau, ki te kore he āhuatanga ira tupurangi e pā ana.

Ki te whakapae atu ki ētahi āwangawanga pea kua rongo koe, kāore he mātauranga pūtaiao kaha e hono ana i te whakamahinga waea pūkoro, ngā whara o te upoko, ngā take kai rānei ki te whanaketanga o te glioma. Kei te haere tonu te rangahau i ēnei wāhi, engari kāore te mōhiohio o nāianei e tautoko ana i ēnei hononga.

Nōhea te haere ki te tākuta mō ngā tohu glioma?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō tākuta ki te pā ana ki a koe ngā tohu neurological e mau tonu ana, e kaha ake ana rānei, ina koa ki te āwangawanga ana ki tō oranga o ia rā. Whakawhirinaki ki ō ngākau mō ngā huringa i roto i tō tinana me tō hinengaro.

Rapua te tiaki hauora wawe ki te pā ana ki a koe:

• Tō hopu tuatahi, ina koa he pakeke koe kāore he hītori o ngā hopu
• Ngā mamae o te upoko nui e rerekē ana i ō mamae upoko noa
• Te ngoikore, te ngawari rānei o te taha kotahi o tō tinana
• Ngā huringa nui i tō tirohanga, kōrero rānei
• Te whakapohehe, te uaua rānei ki te whakaaro e kaha ake ana

Karangahia ngā ratonga āwhina wawe ki te pā ana ki a koe te mamae o te upoko nui me te tīmatanga ohorere, te ngaro o te mohio, te hopu rānei e neke atu i te rima meneti. Ka taea e ēnei te tohu i te āwangawanga hauora e hiahia ana ki te tiaki wawe.

Kia mahara, ko te nuinga o ngā mamae upoko me ngā tohu neurological kaore i puta mai i ngā mate pūngāwerewere roro. Heoi, he pai tonu te arotake i ngā tohu āwangawanga e te tohunga hauora ka taea te aromatawai tika i tō āhuatanga.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te glioma?

Ko te mārama ki ngā take morearea ka āhei te awhina i te whakatakoto i ō awangawanga, ahakoa he mea nui kia mahara ko te whai i ngā take morearea kāore e tikanga ka whanake koe i te glioma. He maha ngā tāngata e whai ana i ngā take morearea kāore e whanake i ngā mate pūngāwerewere roro, engari ko ētahi atu kāore he take morearea e mohiotia ana.

Ko ēnei ngā take morearea e mohiotia ana:

• Te pakeke: Ko te nuinga o ngā glioma ka puta i ngā pakeke i waenga i te 45-65 tau te pakeke, ahakoa ka taea te puta i tetahi tau
• Te ira tangata: Ko ngā glioblastomas ka noa ake i ngā tāne, ko ngā meningiomas ka noa ake i ngā wāhine
• Te iwi: Ko ngā glioma ka noa ake i ngā tāngata o te iwi Pākehā
• Te whakamahinga radiation ki te upoko, ki te kaki rānei i mua
• Ētahi āhuatanga ira pēnei i te neurofibromatosis momo 1, 2 rānei
• Te hītori whānau o ngā mate pūngāwerewere roro, ahakoa he tino tupurangi tenei

Ka manukanuka etahi tangata ki ngā take morearea kaore i whakamāramahia, pēnei i te whakamahinga waea pūkoro, te whara o te upoko, te whakamahinga rānei i ētahi matū. Ahakoa kei te haere tonu te rangahau i ēnei wāhi, kāore te mōhiohio o nāianei e whakatūpato ana i ngā hononga mārama.

Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o ngā take morearea mō ngā glioma kāore i roto i tō mana whakahaere, ko te tikanga kāore he take ki te whakama, ki te whakahe rānei ki a koe ki te whiwhi koe i tēnei whakatau.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te glioma?

Ka rere ke ngā raruraru o te glioma e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wāhi o te mate pūngāwerewere, te rahi, me te tere o te tupu. Ko te mārama ki ngā raruraru pea e āwhina ana i a koe me tō rōpū hauora ki te whakarite me te tiaki mō ngā tohu whakatūpato.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru noa pea:

• Ngā hopu, ka taea pea te whakahaere me ngā rongoā anti-hopu
• Te piki o te pehanga i roto i te anga o te roro, e puta mai ana ngā mamae o te upoko me ngā raruraru o te tirohanga
• Te ngoikore, te pararaihi rānei o te taha kotahi o te tinana
• Ngā raruraru kōrero me te reo
• Ngā raruraru mahara me te mohio
• Ngā huringa o te hinengaro, te āhua rānei
• Te ngaro o te tirohanga, te whakarongo rānei
• Ngā raruraru o te tū me te whakataurite

Ko ētahi atu raruraru nui pea ko te uaua ki te horomi, ngā raruraru manawa ki te pā te mate pūngāwerewere ki te brainstem, te piki rānei o te pehanga o te roro e wehi ana ki te ora. Ka pā pea etahi tangata ki ngā raruraru mai i ngā maimoatanga, pēnei i te mate, te toto rānei, ngā pānga rānei mai i ngā rongoā.

Ka tirotiro tata atu tō rōpū hauora ki ēnei raruraru, ā, he rautaki kei a rātou hei whakahaere i te nuinga o ēnei. Ka taea te whakaora i ngā raruraru maha, te whakaiti rānei i tō rātou pānga me te tiaki hauora tika me ngā ratonga whakaora.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te glioma?

Ko te whakatau i te glioma e whai ana i ngā mahi maha, ā, ka arataki atu tō tākuta ki a koe i ia mahi. Ka tīmata te tukanga me te kōrero tino pai mō ō tohu me te whakamātautau tinana.

Ka tīmata pea tō tākuta me te whakamātautau neurological hei whakamātautau i ō reflexes, te kaha o te uaua, te whakataurite, me te mahi hinengaro. E āwhina ana tenei ki te tohu i ngā wāhi o tō roro pea e pā ana.

Ko ēnei ngā whakamātautau whakatau matua:

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ka whakaratohia e tēnei ngā whakaahua taipitopito o tō roro, ā, koinei te whakamātautau tino nui mō te kimi i ngā glioma
• CT scan: Ka whakamahia i te tīmatanga, ina koa i ngā āhuatanga āwangawanga
• PET scan: Ka āhei pea te āwhina ki te whakatau i te kaha o te mate pūngāwerewere
• Biopsy: Ka tangohia he tauira pūtau iti hei whakatau i te momo me te tohu tika o te mate pūngāwerewere
• Te whakamātautau ira o te pūtau mate pūngāwerewere: E āwhina ana tenei ki te arataki i ngā whakatau maimoatanga

He mea nui te biopsy, nā te mea ka taea ai e ngā tākuta te tirotiro i ngā pūtau mate pūngāwerewere i raro i te microscope me te mahi i ngā whakamātautau ira. E āwhina ana tēnei mōhiohio ki te whakatau i te momo glioma motuhake me te huarahi maimoatanga pai mō tō āhuatanga.

I te wa o tēnei tukanga, ka whakamārama atu tō rōpū hauora i ia whakamātautau me te mea e rapu ana rātou. Kaua e whakaroa ki te uiui mō tetahi tukanga, hua whakamātautau rānei.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te glioma?

Ko te maimoatanga glioma he mea motuhake, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā take maha, tae atu ki te momo mate pūngāwerewere, te tohu, te wāhi, me tō hauora whānui. Ka mahi tahi tō rōpū hauora ki a koe hei whakawhanake i te mahere maimoatanga e tika ana mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Ko ēnei ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga matua:

• Te pokanga: Ko te mahi tuatahi, e whai ana ki te tango i te mate pūngāwerewere nui e taea ana i te ātete
• Te rongoā radiation: Ka whakamahi i ngā hihi kaha ki te whakamate i ngā pūtau mate pūngāwerewere
• Te chemotherapy: Ngā rongoā e whai ana i ngā pūtau mate pūngāwerewere puta noa i tō tinana
• Te rongoā e whai ana: Ngā rongoā hou e whakaeke ana i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ngā pūtau mate pūngāwerewere
• Te immunotherapy: Ngā maimoatanga e āwhina ana i tō pūnaha mate ki te whawhai ki te mate pūngāwerewere
• Ngā whakamātautau hauora: Te uru atu ki ngā maimoatanga whakamātautau pea ka whai hua

Mō ngā glioma iti te tohu, ka tīmata pea te maimoatanga me te tirotiro ata ki te iti te mate pūngāwerewere, kāore hoki e puta ngā tohu. Ko tēnei huarahi, e kiia nei ko te ‘tūmanako ata,’ e whai ana i ngā whakamātautau MRI kia tirotirohia ngā huringa.

Ko ngā glioma teitei te tohu e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga kaha ake, e whakaranu ana i te pokanga, te radiation, me te chemotherapy. Ko te maimoatanga paerewa mō te glioblastoma e whai ana i te pokanga, ka whai ake te rongoā radiation me te chemotherapy e whakaranu ana.

Ka aro ano tō rōpū maimoatanga ki te whakahaere i ngā tohu me te pupuri i tō kounga ora. Ka uru pea tenei ki ngā rongoā mō ngā hopu, ngā steroids hei whakaiti i te pupuhi o te roro, me ngā ratonga whakaora hei āwhina i ngā mahi kōrero, nekehanga, mahi hinengaro rānei.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā tohu i te kāinga i te wā o te maimoatanga glioma?

Ko te whakahaere i ō tohu i te kāinga he wāhanga nui o tō mahere tiaki whānui. Ma te mahi tata atu ki tō rōpū hauora, ka taea e koe te mahi i ētahi mahi hei pai ake te ahua me te pupuri i tō kounga ora.

Mō te whakahaere i te mamae o te upoko, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i ētahi rongoā mamae motuhake, ngā rautaki wā rānei. Ko te pupuri i te puka mamae o te upoko ka āhei te āwhina i te kimi i ngā take me ngā tauira ka taea e koe te whakawhiti atu ki tō rōpū hauora.

Ki te pā ana ki a koe ngā hopu, he mea nui kia tango i ngā rongoā anti-hopu kia rite ki te whakahau. Waihangahia he taiao haumaru i te kāinga mā te tango i ngā mea koi mai i ngā wāhi e noho ana koe, te whakaaro rānei ki ngā whakarerekētanga haumaru pēnei i ngā tūru me ngā pou e pupuri ana.

Hei tautoko i tō mahi hinengaro:

• Pupurihia he mahinga o ia rā e mau tonu ana
• Whakamahia ngā maramataka, ngā rārangi, me ngā whakamahara hei āwhina i te mahara
• Whiwhi i te moe tika, i te mea ka kaha ake te ngenge i ngā tohu hinengaro
• Noho hono hapori ki te whānau me ngā hoa
• Whakauru ki ngā mahi e pai ana koe me te whakaohooho i tō hinengaro

He mea noa te ngenge, na whakarongo ki tō tinana, okioki hoki ina hiahia koe. Ko te whakakori māmā, kia rite ki te whakaae a tō tākuta, ka taea te āwhina i ngā taumata kaha me te ngākau. Ko te kai kai rite me te inu wai e tautoko ana i tō oranga whānui.

Kaua e whakaroa ki te whakapiri atu ki tō rōpū hauora ki te kaha ake ngā tohu, ki te puta mai rānei ngā āwangawanga hou. Kei reira rātou hei āwhina i a koe ki te haere i tēnei haerenga.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui tākuta?

Ko te whakarite mō ō hui tākuta ka āhei te āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi pai i tō wā tahi me te whakarite kia whakautuhia ō awangawanga katoa. Ka nui ake te whakarite i tēnei whakarite ina whakahaerehia ana te whakatau glioma.

I mua i tō hui, tuhia ō tohu katoa, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou me te āhua o te huringa i te wā. Kia tino mārama ki te āhua o te pānga o ngā tohu ki ō mahi o ia rā, mahi, whanaungatanga rānei.

Whakaritea he rārangi o ngā pūrongo e hiahia ana koe ki te ui:

• He aha te momo me te tohu o te glioma kei ahau?
• He aha ōku kōwhiringa maimoatanga?
• He aha ngā pānga pea o ia maimoatanga?
• Me pēhea te pānga o te maimoatanga ki tōku oranga o ia rā?
• He aha tōku whakatau?
• He whakamātautau hauora pea me whakaaro ahau?
• He aha ngā tohu me whakapiri atu tonu ahau ki a koe?

Mau mai he rārangi katoa o ngā rongoā, ngā taapiri, me ngā huaora katoa e tangohia ana e koe. Whakauruhia ngā horoinga me te maha o te tango. Mau mai ano ngā rekoata hauora o mua, ngā rangahau whakaahua, ngā hua whakamātautau rānei e pā ana ki tō āhuatanga.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i te mema whānau, hoa rānei e whakawhirinaki ana ki ō hui. Ka taea e rātou te āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā mōhiohio, te uiui i ngā pūrongo pea ka wareware koe, te whakarato rānei i te tautoko ngākau i ngā kōrero uaua.

Tuhituhihia ngā kōrero i tō hui, uiui rānei mēnā ka taea te tuhi i te kōrero. Ka taea te nui o ngā mōhiohio hauora, ā, ko te whai i te rekoata e āwhina ana i a koe ki te arotake i ngā kōrero nui i muri mai.

He aha te mea nui mō te glioma?

Ko te mea tino nui ki te mārama mō ngā glioma ko te āhua o te āhuatanga hauora nui, kei te haere tonu te whakapai ake o ngā maimoatanga ki te whakapai ake i ngā hua me te kounga ora mō te tini o ngā turoro. He motuhake te haerenga o ia tangata me te glioma, ā, ka mahi tahi tō rōpū hauora ki a koe hei whakawhanake i te mahere maimoatanga pai rawa atu.

Kia mahara ko te whai i te glioma kāore e whakatau i a koe, kāore hoki e āhei te noho ora whai kiko. He maha ngā tāngata e whai ana i ngā glioma e haere tonu ana ki te mahi, te pupuri i ngā whanaungatanga, te whai rānei i ngā mahi e pai ana i a rātou i te wā e whakahaerehia ana tō rātou āhuatanga.

Noho hono atu ki tō rōpū hauora, uiuihia ngā pūrongo ina hiahia koe ki te whakamārama, kaua hoki e whakaroa ki te rapu tautoko mai i te whānau, ngā hoa, ngā rōpū tautoko rānei. Ko te whakahaere i te glioma he mea kaore e hiahia ana koe ki te mahi kotahi.

Aro atu ki te mea ka taea e koe te whakahaere: te tango i ngā rongoā kia rite ki te whakahau, te haere ki ngā hui, te pupuri i tō hauora whānui, te kōrero whakatūwhera rānei ki tō rōpū hauora. E āwhina ana tēnei huarahi i a koe ki te pai ake te mana me te whakauru ki tō tiaki.

Ngā pūrongo e ui ana ngā tāngata mō te glioma

P1: He mate pūngāwerewere katoa ngā glioma?

Kāore katoa ngā glioma he mate pūngāwerewere i te tikanga noa. Ko ngā glioma iti te tohu (tohu 1 me te 2) ka tupu haere māmā, kāore pea e horapa ki ētahi atu wāhi o te tinana, engari ka taea tonu te puta mai i ngā raruraru mā te pēhi i ngā pūtau roro. Ko ngā glioma teitei te tohu (tohu 3 me te 4) he kaha ake, ā, e kiia ana he kino. Heoi, ahakoa ngā glioma iti te tohu e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora, nā te mea ka taea te huri ki ngā mate pūngāwerewere teitei ake i te wā.

P2: Ka taea te whakaora katoa ngā glioma?

Ko te āhei o te whakaora e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā take maha, tae atu ki te momo, te tohu, me te wāhi o te glioma. Ka taea te tango katoa i ētahi glioma iti te tohu me te pokanga, ina koa ki te wāhi e taea te uru atu. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā glioma e whakahaerehia ana hei āhuatanga roa atu i te whakaora tika. Ahakoa he glioma teitei te tohu, ka taea e ngā maimoatanga te whakawhānui i te ora me te pupuri i te kounga ora mō te tini o ngā turoro.

P3: Ka taea e ahau te taraiwa me te glioma?

Ko tō āhei ki te taraiwa e whakawhirinaki ana ki ō tohu me te maimoatanga. Ki te whai koe i ngā hopu, ko te nuinga o ngā whenua e hiahia ana ki te wā kore hopu i mua i tō taraiwa anō. Ka aromatawai tō tākuta i tō mahi hinengaro, tirohanga, me te wā whakautu hei whakatau i te wā e haumaru ana koe ki te tīmata anō ki te taraiwa. Ko tēnei whakatau e whakarite ana i tō haumaru me te haumaru o ētahi atu i runga i te rori.

P4: Kia tere te tupu o ngā glioma?

Ka rere ke ngā tere o te tupu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo me te tohu o te glioma. Ka tupu haere māmā pea ngā glioma iti te tohu i roto i ngā marama, ngā tau rānei, ka puta pea ngā tohu iti e tupu haere māmā. Ko ngā glioma teitei te tohu, ina koa ngā glioblastomas, ka taea te tere te tupu i roto i ngā wiki ki ngā marama. Ka whakamahi tō tākuta i ngā rangahau whakaahua hei tirotiro i te tere o te tupu me te whakarite i te maimoatanga.

P5: Me whakarerekē e ahau taku kai i muri i te whakatau glioma?

Ahakoa kāore he ‘kai glioma’ motuhake, ko te pupuri i te kai pai e tautoko ana i tō hauora whānui, ka taea te āwhina i a koe ki te whakamanawanui i ngā maimoatanga pai ake. Aro atu ki te kai rite me te tini o ngā hua, ngā huawhenua, ngā witi katoa, me ngā pūmua ngawari. Ka taea e ētahi maimoatanga te puta mai i te ruaki, ngā huringa hiahia kai rānei, na mahi tahi rātou me tō rōpū hauora, rōpū kai rehitatia rānei hei whakautu i ngā wero kai e pā ana ki a koe.