He aha te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate? Tohutohu, Take, me te Rongoā

Ko te mate pūkahukahu-ate tētahi mate pūkahukahu kino e puta ana ki ngā tāngata he mate ate. Ka puta mai i te whānui o ngā uaua toto iti i roto i ō pūkahukahu, ka uaua ai te neke o te hau waiora ki roto i ō toto.

Ko tēnei mate e pā ana ki te 15-30% o ngā tāngata he mate ate roa, ina koa rā te hunga he mate ate pūtau. Ahakoa he wehi te ahua, ka taea e te mārama ki te mea kei te puta i roto i tō tinana te awhina i a koe ki te mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora hei whakahaere pai.

He aha te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate?

Ka puta te mate pūkahukahu-ate ina ka puta mai i tō mate ate ngā huringa motuhake ki ngā uaua toto o ō pūkahukahu. Ka whānui haere ngā uaua toto iti i roto i ō pūkahukahu, e kiia nei ko ngā kepa, ka hangaia he hononga koretake.

Whakaarohia tēnei: i te nuinga o te wā, ka rere te toto i roto i ngā ara iti, tika i roto i ō pūkahukahu hei tango i te hau waiora. Ki te mate pūkahukahu-ate, ka rite ēnei ara ki ngā huarahi nui ka taea te tere o te toto kia kore e tango i te hau waiora.

Ka puta tēnei i te koretake i waenga i te hau e manawahia ana e koe me te hau waiora e tae ana ki ō toto. Kei te mahi ō pūkahukahu, engari kāore e taea te whakawhiti i te hau waiora penei i te tika.

He aha ngā Tohutohu o te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate?

Ka puta haere mai ngā tohutohu o te mate pūkahukahu-ate, ā, ka maha ngā tohutohu e rite ana ki ngā tohu o te mate ate. Ko te tohutohu tino nui ko te poto o te manawa, ina koa ina mahi koe, ina ranei e whakapau kaha ana koe.

Ko ēnei ngā tohutohu matua ka pā pea ki a koe:

• Te poto o te manawa i te wā e mahi ana, i te wā rānei e okioki ana
• Te manawa poto ina noho pū, ka pai ake ina takoto
• Te tae kikorangi o ō ngutu, o ō maihao, o ō kiri (e kiia nei ko te kaianosis)
• Te ngenge me te ngoikore e kaha ake ana i te wā
• Te māuiui, te ngāwari rānei ki te ngaro
• Te whānui o ngā pito o ngā maihao (ka porowhita haere ngā maihao)
• Ngā uaua toto rite ki te pūngāwerewere e kitea ana i runga i ō kiri

Ko tētahi tohu motuhake e kiia nei ko te “platypnea-orthodeoxia.” Ko te tikanga tenei ka nui ake te poto o tō manawa ina noho pū, ka pai ake te manawa ina takoto. Ka puta mai tēnei nā te pānga o te taumaha ki te rere o te toto i roto i aua uaua pūkahukahu whānui.

Ka kite etahi i te kaha ake o ō rātou tohutohu i ētahi tūnga, i te neke rānei i te takoto ki te tū. Ko ēnei huringa i ngā āhuatanga o te manawa he tohu nui hei awhina i ngā tākuta ki te kite i tēnei mate.

He aha ngā Take o te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate?

Ko te mate ate te take o te mate pūkahukahu-ate, engari he uaua te tukanga. Ki te kore te mahi tika o tō ate, kāore e taea te horoi me te tukatuka i ngā mea kei roto i ō toto.

He maha ngā take e mahi tahi ana hei hanga i tēnei mate:

• Te kohikohi o ngā mea e horoia ana e te ate hauora
• Te tukunga o ngā matū e pā ana ki te whānui o ngā uaua toto
• Te hanganga o ngā hononga uaua toto hou, koretake i roto i ngā pūkahukahu
• Te iti o te kaha o te ate ki te whakaputa i ngā pūmua hei awhina i te whakahaere i te mahi o ngā uaua toto
• Te piki o te pehanga i roto i te pūnaha uaua pōtae nā te pakaru o te ate

Ko ngā mate ate tino nui e arahi ana ki te mate pūkahukahu-ate ko te mate ate pūtau mai i tetahi take, te mate ate hepatitis roa, me te pēhanga pōtae. He mea whakamīharo, kāore te kino o tō mate ate e kī tonu ana mēnā ka puta mai tēnei mate pūkahukahu.

I etahi wā, ka puta te mate pūkahukahu-ate ki ngā tāngata he mate ate wawe, ahakoa etahi mate ate kore-pūtau. Ko te take matua ko te pānga o te mate ate ki te whakaputa me te horoi i ētahi mea e whakahaere ana i te mahi o ngā uaua toto.

Nōhea te Tiro ki te Tākutu mō te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate?

Me whakapiri wawe koe ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora mēnā he mate ate koe, ā, ka kite koe i ngā raruraru manawa hou, ina rānei e kino haere ana. Ka taea e te kite wawe me te rongoā te whakapai ake i tō kounga ora me ngā hua.

Rapua te tiaki hauora mēnā ka pā ki a koe:

• Te poto o te manawa hou, ina koa i ngā mahi i ngā wā o mua
• Te manawa e kino ake ana ina noho pū, ina tū rānei
• Te tae kikorangi o ō ngutu, o ō maihao, o ō kiri
• Te ngenge e arahi ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā
• Te māuiui, te ngaro rānei
• Te pupū o ō waewae, o tō kopu me ngā raruraru manawa

Waea atu mō te tiaki āwangawanga mēnā ka puta mai te poto o te manawa, te mamae o te uma, ina rānei ka kikorangi ō ngutu, ō kiri. Ka taea e ēnei te tohu kua heke te taumata o tō hau waiora ki ngā taumata kino.

Ahakoa ngāwari te ahua o ō tohutohu, he mea nui kia kōrero koe ki tō tohunga ate, ki tō tākuta matua rānei mō ngā huringa manawa. Ka taea e rātou te mahi i ngā whakamātautau ngāwari hei tirotiro i ō taumata hau waiora, me te whakatau mēnā he hiahia ki te aromatawai atu.

He aha ngā Take Pāngarau mō te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate?

Ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te mate pūkahukahu-ate mēnā he mate ate koe. Ko te take pāngarau nui ko te mate ate pūtau, ahakoa te take i pakaru ai tō ate.

Ko ēnei ngā take pāngarau matua hei mārama:

• Te mate ate pūtau mai i tetahi take (waipiro, hepatitis, mate ate ngako, me ētahi atu)
• Te pēhanga pōtae (te piki o te pehanga i roto i ngā uaua toto ate)
• Te noho i te rārangi tatari mō te whakawhiti ate
• Te mate ate hepatitis B roa, C rānei
• Ngā mate ate ā-tinana
• Te mate biliary cholangitis matua
• Te mate Budd-Chiari (ngā uaua ate kua pātai)

He mea whakamīharo, kāore te kino o tō mate ate e kī tonu ana ki tō tūponotanga. Ka puta te mate pūkahukahu-ate ki ētahi tāngata he mate ate ngāwari, engari kāore i ētahi atu he mate ate pūtau kino.

Kāore te tau me te ira tangata e rite ki ngā take pāngarau nui, ahakoa ka kitea te mate i ngā pakeke. Mēnā he mate ate roa koe, me aroturuki koe e tō tākuta mō ngā tohu o ngā mate pūkahukahu i ngā tirotiro noa.

He aha ngā Hua Ka Pā o te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate?

Ka taea e te mate pūkahukahu-ate te arahi ki ngā hua kino mēnā kāore i te rongoā. Ko te āwangawanga nui ko te kino haere o ngā taumata hau waiora i roto i ō toto, e pā ana ki te kaha o tō tinana katoa ki te mahi tika.

Ko ēnei ngā hua tino nui:

• Te hypoxemia kino (ngā taumata hau waiora toto iti rawa)
• Te mamae o te ngākau matau mai i te mahi pakeke ki te pupuhi i te toto i roto i ngā pūkahukahu kua pā
• Te piki o te tūponotanga o te mate roro mai i ngā toto kua pātai, ina rānei ngā pūpoihau hau
• Te iti o te manawanui ki te whakapakari tinana me te kounga ora
• Te piki o te tūponotanga o te hinga nā te māuiui me te ngoikore
• Ngā raruraru moe me te ngenge
• Te pouri me te manukanuka mai i ngā raruraru manawa

I ngā take kino, ka taea te mate o te mate, i te pakanga o tō tinana ki te whiwhi i te hau waiora. Koia te take he mea nui te kite wawe me te rongoā.

Ka puta etahi hua onge ki ētahi tāngata penei i ngā mate roro, ina rānei ngā mate roro. Ka puta mai tēnei nā te mea ka taea e ngā uaua toto pūkahukahu koretake te tuku i ngā huaketo, ina rānei ngā toto iti ki te ngaro i te pūnaha horoi noa o ngā pūkahukahu, ka tae ki te roro.

Me pēhea te Whakataurite i te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate?

Ko te whakataurite i te mate pūkahukahu-ate e hiahia ana ki ngā whakamātautau maha hei whakau i ngā raruraru manawa me ngā huringa uaua toto pūkahukahu. Ka tīmata tō tākuta me te tirotiro tinana me te arotake i ō tohutohu.

Ko te tukanga whakataurite e whakauru ana:

• Te pulse oximetry hei ine i ngā taumata hau waiora i roto i ō toto
• Te whakamātautau hau toto arterial hei tirotiro i ngā taumata hau waiora me te hau kāponika
• Te contrast echocardiography hei titiro ki te rere koretake o te toto i roto i ngā pūkahukahu
• Te X-ray uma hei whakakore i ētahi atu raruraru pūkahukahu
• Ngā whakamātautau mahi pūkahukahu hei tirotiro i te mahi o ō pūkahukahu
• Te kara pūkahukahu rongoā pūkaha hei kite i ngā hononga uaua toto koretake

He mea nui te contrast echocardiography. I te wā o tēnei whakamātautau, ka whakauru ngā tākuta i ngā pūpoihau iti ki roto i ō toto, ka tirotiro me pēhea te neke i roto i tō ngākau me ō pūkahukahu. Ki te mate pūkahukahu-ate, ka puta ēnei pūpoihau ki te taha maui o tō ngākau, e tohu ana i ngā hononga uaua toto pūkahukahu koretake.

Ka tātai hoki tō tākuta i te mea e kiia nei ko te alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. Ko te tikanga o tēnei kupu whakahirahira ko te ine o te neke o te hau waiora mai i ō pūkahukahu ki roto i ō toto. Ko te piki o te gradient e tohu ana i te mate pūkahukahu-ate.

He aha te Rongoā mō te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate?

Ko te rongoā mō te mate pūkahukahu-ate e aro ana ki te whakahaere i ngā tohutohu me te whakautu i te mate ate. Engari, kāore he rongoā e taea te whakahoki mai i ngā huringa uaua toto pūkahukahu ina kua puta.

Ko ēnei ngā huarahi rongoā matua:

• Te rongoā hau waiora tāpiri hei whakapai ake i ngā taumata hau waiora toto
• Te rongoā i te mate ate hei aukati i te piki haere
• Te whakawhiti ate mō ngā kaitono e tika ana
• Ngā rongoā hei awhina i te manawa me te rere toto
• Te whakaora pūkahukahu hei whakapai ake i te manawanui ki te whakapakari tinana
• Te whakahaere i ngā hua penei i ngā raruraru ngākau

Ko te whakawhiti ate te rongoā tino pai, nā te mea ka taea te whakahoki mai i ngā huringa uaua toto pūkahukahu i te wā. Ka kite te nuinga o ngā tāngata i te whakapai ake o te manawa i roto i ngā marama i muri i te whakawhiti angitu.

Mō te hunga kāore he kaitono whakawhiti, ka waiho te rongoā hau waiora hei rongoā matua. Ka āhei pea tēnei te whakamahi i te hau waiora pūkoro i ngā mahi, ina rānei te hau waiora tonu mēnā he iti rawa ō taumata.

Kei te akohia etahi rongoā whakamātautau, tae atu ki ngā rongoā e pā ana ki te mahi o ngā uaua toto, engari kāore ēnei i te tiaki noa. Ka mahi tahi tō rōpū hauora ki a koe hei kimi i te whakakotahitanga pai o ngā rongoā mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Me pēhea te Whakahaere i te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate i te Kāinga?

Ko te noho me te mate pūkahukahu-ate e hiahia ana ki ētahi whakarerekētanga ki tō mahi o ia rā, engari ka pupuri te nuinga o ngā tāngata i te kounga ora pai me te whakahaere tika. Ko te matua ko te ako ki te whakahaere i a koe me te whakamahi i ō rongoā.

Koinei te huarahi ka taea te awhina i te whakahaere i tō mate i te kāinga:

• Whakamahia te hau waiora tāpiri penei i te whakahau a tō tākuta
• Tangohia ngā okiokinga maha i ngā mahi
• Moe ki te whakaarahia ō ulu hei whakaora i te manawa
• Kaua e wātea i te paowa me te paowa tuarua
• Noho whakahoutia ki ngā whakakakahu, ina koa ngā whakakakahu mate huka me te mate numonia
• Pupuri i te kai pai hei tautoko i tō ate me tō hauora katoa
• Aroturukihia ō tohutohu me te pūrongo i ngā huringa ki tō rōpū hauora

Ko te ako ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hau waiora pūkoro ka taea te whakapai ake i tō nekehanga me tō mana motuhake. Ka kite te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka taea te mahi tonu me te pai ki ngā mahi me te tautoko hau waiora tika.

He mea nui hoki te whakamahere mō te whakahaere i ngā whakakāha, ina rānei ngā tohutohu e kino haere ana. Kia mōhio ki te whakapiri atu ki tō rōpū hauora me te rapu i te tiaki āwangawanga. Ko te whai i tēnei mahere ka taea te whakaiti i te manukanuka me te awhina i a koe ki te whakautu tika ina huri ngā tohutohu.

Me pēhea te Whakamahere mō Tō Hui Tākutu?

Ko te whakamahere mō tō haerenga ki te tākuta ka taea te awhina i a koe ki te whiwhi i te hua nui mai i tō hui, me te whakarite kua whakautuhia ō awangawanga katoa. Nā te mea ko te mate pūkahukahu-ate e pā ana ki ngā take ate me ngā pūkahukahu, ka kite pea koe i ngā tohunga maha.

I mua i tō hui, kohikohia ēnei mōhiohio:

• Rārangi o ngā rongoā me ngā tāpiri katoa
• Tuhinga o ō tohutohu, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou, me te mea e pai ake ana rānei, e kino ake ana rānei
• Ngā pānui hau waiora mēnā kei te tirotiro koe i te kāinga
• Ngā pātai mō ngā huarahi rongoā me te mea e tatari ana
• Mōhiohio mō tō pūnaha tautoko me tō nohoanga
• Mōhiohio inihua me ngā whakaaetanga o mua

Tuhia ngā pātai motuhake e hiahia ana koe ki te ui, penei i te mea he kaitono koe mō te whakawhiti ate, ngā rongoā e taea te awhina i ō tohutohu, ina rānei te whakahaere i ngā mahi o ia rā me ngā raruraru manawa.

Kawea mai tētahi mema whānau, tētahi hoa rānei mēnā e taea ana. Ka taea e rātou te awhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā mōhiohio nui me te whakarato tautoko i ngā kōrero mō ngā huarahi rongoā. Kaua e whakaroa ki te tono ki tō rōpū hauora kia whakamārama i ngā mea i roto i ngā kupu ngāwari ake mēnā ka whakapohehe te reo hauora.

He aha te Tākutake Matua mō te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate?

Ko te mate pūkahukahu-ate he mate kino engari ka taea te whakahaere o te mate ate e pā ana ki te kaha o ō pūkahukahu ki te whakawhiti i te hau waiora ki roto i ō toto. Ahakoa kāore e taea te whakaora me te rongoā, he rongoā whai hua kei reira hei awhina i te whakahaere i ngā tohutohu me te whakapai ake i te kounga ora.

Ko te mea nui rawa ki te mahara ko te kite wawe me te rongoā e puta mai ana te rerekētanga nui i ngā hua. Mēnā he mate ate koe, ā, ka kite koe i ngā raruraru manawa, kaua e tatari ki te rapu i te tiaki hauora.

Ka noho tonu te nuinga o ngā tāngata he mate pūkahukahu-ate ki ngā oranga whai kiko, mahi me te rongoā me te tautoko tika. Ka taea e te whakawhiti ate te whakahoki mai i te mate i ngā take maha, e whakawhiwhia ana te tumanako mō te whakapai ake i te wā roa.

Ko te mahi tata me tō rōpū hauora, te noho whakamārama mō tō mate, me te pupuri i te tirohanga pai ka taea te awhina i a koe ki te whakatere i tēnei wero. Kia mahara kāore koe i te noho kotahi i tēnei haerenga, ā, kei reira te tautoko.

Ngā Pātai Nui e Uihia ana mō te Mate Pūkahukahu-Ate

Ka taea te aukati i te mate pūkahukahu-ate?

Engari, kāore he huarahi kua whakamāramahia hei aukati i te mate pūkahukahu-ate mēnā he mate ate koe. Ko te huarahi pai ko te whakahaere tika i tō mate ate, me te whai i ngā tirotiro noa hei hopu i ngā mate pūkahukahu wawe. Ko te karo i te waipiro, te pupuri i te taumaha hauora, me te whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tohunga ate ka taea te awhina i te whakaheke i te piki haere o te mate ate.

E hā roa te wā ka taea te noho me te mate pūkahukahu-ate?

He rerekē te tirohanga i runga i te kino o tō mate, me te mea he kaitono koe mō te whakawhiti ate. Ka noho etahi tāngata mō ngā tau maha me te rongoā tika, engari ka iti ake pea te whakatau mō ētahi atu. Ka taea e tō rōpū hauora te hoatu ki a koe te whakaaro pai ake mō te mea e tatari ana i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake me tō hauora katoa.

Ka kino haere te mate pūkahukahu-ate i te wā?

Ae, ka puta haere te mate pūkahukahu-ate mēnā kāore i te rongoā. Engari, he rerekē te tere o te piki haere mai i te tangata ki te tangata. Ka kite etahi tāngata i ngā huringa ngāwari i ngā tau, engari ka kite etahi atu i te kino tere ake. Ka taea e te aroturuki noa me te rongoā tika te awhina i te whakaheke i te piki haere me te whakahaere i ngā tohutohu.

Ka taea te awhina o te whakapakari tinana ki te mate pūkahukahu-ate?

Ka taea te whai hua o te whakapakari tinana ngāwari me te whakaora pūkahukahu mō te nuinga o ngā tāngata he mate pūkahukahu-ate. Engari, me whakarerekē koe i ō mahi i runga i ō taumata hau waiora me tō kaha manawa. Ka taea e tō rōpū hauora te awhina i te hanga i te kaupapa whakapakari tinana haumaru e whakauru ana ki te hikoi, ngā whakapakari manawa, me te whakapakari i te kaha me te tautoko hau waiora tika.

Me hiahia ahau ki te rongoā hau waiora mō te toenga o toku oranga?

Ka whakawhirinaki tēnei ki tō āhuatanga motuhake me ngā huarahi rongoā. Mēnā ka whiwhi koe i te whakawhiti ate, ā, he angitu, ka taea pea te whakaiti, ina rānei te mutu i te rongoā hau waiora i te whakahoki mai o ō uaua toto pūkahukahu ki te noa. Mō te hunga kāore he kaitono whakawhiti, he mea nui te rongoā hau waiora roa, engari ka maha ngā tāngata e whakarite pai ana, ka pupuri i te kounga ora pai me ngā pūnaha hau waiora pūkoro.