He aha te mate pūkahukahu o roto? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te mate pūkahukahu o roto (ILD) te tohu ki te rōpū o ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te mumura me te tohu i ngā putea hau iti me ngā kiko o ō pūkahukahu. Whakaarohia he rite ki te whanaketanga o ngā wahi mātotoru, pakari i roto i ō pūkahukahu, ka uaua ai te neke o te hāora mai i ō pūkahukahu ki roto i tō toto.

Ko tēnei āhuatanga e pā ana ki te interstitium, arā, te whatunga kiko ngawari e karapoti ana, e tautoko ana i ngā putea hau o ō pūkahukahu. Ka mumura, ka tohu tēnei kiko, ka kore e mahi pai ō pūkahukahu.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Ko te tohu tino noa ka kite tuatahi koe ko te poto o te manawa, ina koa i ngā mahi tinana penei i te piki i ngā kaupae, te hikoi i te puke. Ka puta tēnei nā te kaha ake te mahi a ō pūkahukahu ki te tiki i te hāora ki roto i tō tinana.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu matua ka whanake haere pea i te wā:

• Te mare mare e kore e puta mai te mimi
• Te poto o te manawa i te wā e whakakori ana, i ngā mahi o ia rā
• Te ngenge me te ngenge rawa
• Te mamae o te uma, te pēhanga
• Te ngaro o te hiahia kai me te ngaro o te taumaha
• Te pupuhi o ngā tohu (ka whānui ake, ka porowhita ake ngā tohu)

Ka whanake haere pea ēnei tohu i roto i ngā marama, i ngā tau, koia te take i whakahawea ai te tini i te tīmatanga hei tohu o te koroheketanga, te kore o te ahua.

He aha ngā momo o te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Neke atu i te 200 ngā momo o ngā mate pūkahukahu o roto, engari ka tū kotahi rātou ki roto i ngā kāwai matua. Ka āwhina te mōhiotanga ki ēnei momo ki te whakamārama i tō whakatau, i ō kōwhiringa maimoatanga.

Ko ēnei ngā momo tino noa:

• Te mate pūkahukahu fibrosis idiopathic (IPF) - Ko te momo tino noa ka kore e mohiotia te take
• Sarcoidosis - Ka puta te mumura i ngā okana maha, tae atu ki ngā pūkahukahu
• Te mumura o te hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Ka whakaohohia e te manawa i ētahi pūhui, i ētahi matū
• Te mate pūkahukahu e pā ana ki te mate kiko hono - E hono ana ki ngā āhuatanga penei i te mate rewiti rheumatoid
• Te mate pūkahukahu e whakaohohia ana e te rongoā - Nā ētahi rongoā
• Te mate pūkahukahu mahi - Mai i te whakaū ki ngā mea kino i te wāhi mahi

Ko ētahi momo onge rawa ko te lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), e pā ana ki ngā wāhine, me te Langerhans cell histiocytosis, e hono ana ki te kai hikareti. He tauira motuhake tō ia momo o te whanaketanga, o te whakamahinga maimoatanga.

He aha ngā take o te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

He rereke ngā take o te mate pūkahukahu o roto, ā, kaore pea e taea e ngā tākuta te tohu i te whakaoho motuhake. Ki te kore e kitea te take, ka kiia he "idiopathic," arā, he "take kore e mohiotia."

Ko ngā whakaū taiao me ngā mahi ngā take noa e taea te whakarahi i ō kiko pūkahukahu i te wā:

• Ngā muka asbestos mai i ngā rauemi hanga, i ngā whare tawhito
• Te puehu silica mai i te keri, te whakakikorangi oneone, te tapahi kohatu
• Te puehu kūroa mai i ngā mahi keri kūroa
• Ngā paru manu, ngā huruhuru (te mate pūkahukahu o te kaiwhakawai manu)
• Ngā pūhui harore mai i ngā taiao makuku
• Ngā puehu kōwa mai i te wera, te mahi kōwa

Ka taea hoki e ētahi rongoā te whakaoho i te mumura o te pūkahukahu, tae atu ki ētahi rongoā chemotherapy, ngā rongoā ngakau, me ngā rongoā mate huaketo. Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga autoimmune penei i te mate rewiti rheumatoid, te scleroderma te whakaeke i ō kiko pūkahukahu hauora.

Ka taea e ngā take ira te whakapakari i ētahi tangata ki te whanake i te ILD, ina koa ki te whai whānau i ngā āhuatanga pūkahukahu rite. Ka nui te piki o te tūponotanga o te kai hikareti, ka taea te whakaiti i te mate pūkahukahu o roto.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō taote ki te pāngia koe e te poto o te manawa e kore e pai ake me te okioki, ina koa ki te āwangawanga ki ō mahi o ia rā. Ka taea e te aromatawai wawe te whakarereke i te whakahaere i tēnei āhuatanga.

Rapua te awhina hauora wawe ki te kite koe i:

• Te poto o te manawa e kino ake ana i ngā wiki, i ngā marama
• Te mare mare e mau tonu ana neke atu i ngā wiki torutoru
• Te ngenge kaore i te whakamārama e āwangawanga ana i ō mahi noa
• Te pēhanga o te uma, te mamae
• Ngā huringa i ō maihao, i ō tohu

Waea atu mō te awhina hauora wawe ki te pāngia koe e te poto o te manawa nui i te okioki, te mamae o te uma, te kakariki rānei o ō ngutu, o ō maihao. Ka tohu ēnei tohu kei te iti rawa pea ō taumata hāora, me te hiahia kia whakarongohia wawe.

He aha ngā take tūponotanga mō te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

He maha ngā take ka taea te whakapiki i tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te mate pūkahukahu o roto, ahakoa te kore o ngā take tūponotanga e whakamana ana ka whanake koe i te āhuatanga. Ka taea e te mōhiotanga ki ēnei take te awhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā mahi aukati i te wā e taea ai.

He mea nui te pakeke me te ira tangata, i te mea e pā ana te ILD ki ngā tāngata neke atu i te 50, ko ētahi momo ka noa ake i ngā tāne, i ngā wāhine:

• Pakeke neke atu i te 50 tau
• Ira tāne mō te mate pūkahukahu fibrosis idiopathic
• Ira wahine mō te lymphangioleiomyomatosis
• Hītori kai hikareti (ngā kai hikareti o nāianei, o mua)
• Te hītori whānau o te mate pūkahukahu
• Te whakaū ki ngā mea pokanoa taiao, ki te puehu
• Ētahi āhuatanga autoimmune
• Te mate reflux gastroesophageal (GERD)

Ka nui te piki o te tūponotanga o ngā whakaū mahi, ina koa mō ngā tāngata e mahi ana i te keri, te hanga whare, te mahi pāmu, te mahi hanga. Ka taea e ngā whakaū poto, engari kaha ki ngā mea kino te whakaoho i te kino o te pūkahukahu e whanake ana i muri i ngā tau.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Ahakoa ka taea e te tini o ngā tāngata e mate ana i te mate pūkahukahu o roto te pupuri i te kounga ora pai me te maimoatanga tika, ka taea e te āhuatanga te arahi ki ngā raruraru nui ki te kore e whakahaerehia, ki te tere te whanaketanga.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru tino awangawanga:

• Te toto teitei o te pūkahukahu - Te toto teitei i roto i ngā pūkahukahu e whakarahi ana i tō ngakau
• Te kore o te ngakau matau - Kaore e taea e tō ngakau te pupuri toto pai ki ō pūkahukahu
• Te kore o te manawa - Kaore e taea e ō pūkahukahu te hoatu hāora pai ki tō tinana
• Te mate pūkahukahu - Ka whakapiki ake ētahi momo ILD i te tūponotanga o te mate pūkahukahu
• Ngā toto kōtiti - Te tūponotanga nui ake o ngā kōtiti i roto i ngā oko toto pūkahukahu
• Te pūkahukahu pakaru (pneumothorax) - Te hau e rere ana ki te wāhi e karapoti ana i ō pūkahukahu

Ko ngā raruraru onge, engari nui ko ngā mate kino nā te ngoikore o ngā tiaki pūkahukahu, me te embolism pūkahukahu. Ka āwhina te tirotiro tonu e tō rōpū hauora ki te hopu i ēnei raruraru i te wā e taea ai te whakaora.

Me pēhea te aukati i te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te aukati i ngā momo mate pūkahukahu o roto katoa, ina koa ngā mea kei roto ngā waahanga ira, ka taea e koe te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga mā te karo i ngā whakaoho e mohiotia ana, te pupuri i te hauora pai.

Ko ngā rautaki aukati tino whai hua e arotahi ana ki te tiaki i ō pūkahukahu mai i ngā whakaū kino:

• Whakamutu i te kai hikareti, karo i te paowa hikareti
• Whakamahia ngā taputapu tiaki tika i te wāhi mahi ki te whakaū ki te puehu, ki ngā matū
• Pupuri i te hau pai i roto i tō kāinga, i tō wāhi mahi
• Whai i ngā aratohu haumaru i te wā e whakahaere ana i ngā rauemi kino pea
• Whakahaere i te mate reflux gastroesophageal ki te whai koe
• Noho tonu ki ngā whakakakahu kia aukati i ngā mate pūkahukahu

Ki te mahi koe i ngā mahi tūponotanga teitei penei i te keri, te hanga whare, te mahi hanga, ka taea e ngā whakamātautau mahi pūkahukahu te āwhina ki te kite i ngā huringa wawe i mua i te whanaketanga o ngā tohu. Ka ārahi te kite wawe ki ngā hua pai ake, ki ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga atu.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Ko te whakatau i te mate pūkahukahu o roto e hiahia ana ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā whakamātautau nā te mea ka rite ngā tohu ki ētahi atu āhuatanga pūkahukahu. Ka tīmata tō taote me te hītori hauora, te whakamātautau tinana, te arotahi ki ō tauira manawa, ki ngā oro pūkahukahu.

Ko te tukanga whakatau e whakauru ana i ngā whakamātautau matua:

• Ngā X-rays uma - Ka whakaatu i te hanganga pūkahukahu whānui, te tohu marama
• Te tātaritanga CT teitei-whakatau - Ka hoatu ngā whakaahua taipitopito o te kiko pūkahukahu
• Ngā whakamātautau mahi pūkahukahu - Ka ine i te pai o te mahi a ō pūkahukahu
• Ngā whakamātautau toto - Tirohia ngā tohu autoimmune, te mumura
• Bronchoscopy - Ka taea te tirotiro tika i ngā ara manawa
• Te tātaritanga pūkahukahu - Ka tango i ngā tauira kiko iti mō te tirohanga microscopic

Ka taea hoki e tō taote te tono i te echocardiogram hei tirotiro i te mahi a tō ngakau, i te mea ka taea e te mate pūkahukahu te pā ki tō ngakau i te wā.

Ka taea e te tukanga whakatau te torutoru wiki, marama, i te mea me whakakore e ngā tākuta ētahi atu āhuatanga, te tohu i te momo ILD motuhake kei a koe. Ka whakarite tēnei whakamahinga ata i te whiwhi koe i te maimoatanga tika.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te mate pūkahukahu o roto e arotahi ana ki te whakaiti i te whanaketanga o te mate, te whakahaere i ngā tohu, te pupuri i tō kounga ora. Ko te whakamahinga motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo ILD kei a koe, me te whānuitanga o te whakatau.

Ko ngā rongoā te pūtake o te maimoatanga mō ngā momo ILD:

• Ngā rongoā anti-fibrotic - Te whakaiti i te tohu i te mate pūkahukahu fibrosis idiopathic
• Corticosteroids - Te whakaiti i te mumura i ngā momo mumura
• Ngā rongoā immunosuppressive - Te whakahaere i te kino o te pūkahukahu e pā ana ki te autoimmune
• Te maimoatanga hāora - Te awhina i te pupuri i ngā taumata hāora
• Bronchodilators - Te whakatuwhera i ngā ara manawa hei whakapai ake i te manawa

Ka whakakotahi ngā kaupapa whakaora pūkahukahu i te whakangungu whakakori, ngā tikanga manawa, me te mātauranga hei awhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi o ia rā. Ka taea e ēnei kaupapa te whakapai ake i tō manawanui, i tō kounga ora.

Mō ngā take whānui, ka taea te whakaaro ki te whakawhiti pūkahukahu ki te hauora koe mō te pokanga, te tutuki rānei i ngā paerewa motuhake. Ka taea e tēnei kōwhiringa te whakaora i te ora mō ngā tāngata e tere ana te whanaketanga o te mate.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te mate pūkahukahu o roto i te kāinga?

Ko te whakahaere i te mate pūkahukahu o roto i te kāinga e whakauru ana i te whakarereke i te oranga e tautoko ana i tō hauora pūkahukahu, i tō oranga pai. Ka taea e ngā huringa iti i tō mahi o ia rā te whakarereke i te āhua o tō āhua.

He mea āwhina rawa ngā tikanga manawa me te tiaki kaha:

• Whakamahia te manawa ngutu-pupuhi hei whakapai ake i te whakawhiti hāora
• Whakamahia ngā whakakorikori manawa diaphragmatic i ia rā
• Whakahaere i a koe i ngā mahi, tangohia ngā okioki maha
• Pupuri i ngā rongoā whakaora, ngā taputapu hāora ngāwari te uru atu
• Pupuri i te āhua pai hei whakanui i te kaha o te pūkahukahu
• Noho makuku hei pupuri i ngā mimi pūkahukahu ngawari

Ka taea e ngā whakarerekētanga taiao i tō kāinga te whakaiti i te mamae o te pūkahukahu, te whakapai ake i te manawa. Pupuri i tō wāhi noho hauora, whakamahia ngā kai horoi hau ki te hiahia, karo i ngā kakara kaha, i ngā kai horoi matū.

Ko te whakakori ngawari tonu, e whakaaetia ana e tō taote, e awhina ana ki te pupuri i te kaha o te uaua, te hauora o te ngakau. Āe rawa ngā hikoi poto, ngā whakakorikori ngāwari ki te mahi tonu.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō hui taote e āwhina ana ki te whakarite ka whiwhi koe i te hua nui mai i tō haerenga, ka hoatu ki tō rōpū hauora ngā mōhiohio nui mō tō āhuatanga. Ka taea e te whakarite pai te ārahi ki ngā aromatawai tika ake, ki ngā whakatau maimoatanga pai ake.

I mua i tō hui, kohikohia ngā mōhiohio nui mō ō tohu, mō te hītori hauora:

• Tuhia te wā i tīmata ai ngā tohu, me pēhea te huringa
• Rārangihia ngā rongoā katoa, ngā taapiri, me ngā horoinga e tangohia ana e koe
• Tātaihia ngā whakaū taiao, mahi
• Whakaritea ngā pātai mō tō āhuatanga, ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga
• Mau mai ngā hua whakamātautau o mua, ngā ako whakaahua
• Whakauruhia te hītori whānau o te mate pūkahukahu, o ngā mate autoimmune

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i te mema whānau, i te hoa hei awhina i te maumahara i ngā mōhiohio i kōrerohia i te wā o te hui. Ka taea e te noho mai o tetahi atu te awhina rawa i te kōrero i ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga, i ngā hua whakamātautau.

Tuhia ō pātai tino nui i mua, i te mea ngāwari te wareware i a rātou i te wā o te hui. Kaua e whakaroa ki te tono whakamārama ki te kore he mea mārama.

He aha te mea nui mō te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Ko te mate pūkahukahu o roto te whakauru i te rōpū nui o ngā āhuatanga e puta ai te mumura pūkahukahu, te tohu, engari me te whakatau tika, me te maimoatanga, ka taea e te tini te pupuri i te kounga ora pai. He mea nui te mohio wawe ki ngā tohu, me te whakarongo hauora wawe mō ngā hua pai rawa.

Ahakoa he āhuatanga nui te ILD, kua pai ake te tirohanga mō te tini o ngā turoro nā te whakapai ake o te mōhiotanga, o te maimoatanga. Ko te mahi tata atu ki tō rōpū hauora, te whai i ngā mahere maimoatanga, me te whakarereke i te oranga e taea ai te whakahaere i te āhuatanga.

Kia mahara he motuhake te wheako o ia tangata ki te ILD, ā, ko te mea e mahi ana mō tetahi kaore pea e mahi mō tetahi atu. Noho hono atu ki tō rōpū tiaki, ui pātai, kaua e whakaroa ki te rapu tautoko ina hiahia koe.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te mate pūkahukahu o roto

P1. He mate mate tonu te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Kāo, ehara te mate pūkahukahu o roto i te mate mate tonu. Ahakoa ko ētahi momo penei i te mate pūkahukahu fibrosis idiopathic e tere ake te whanaketanga, he maha ngā tāngata e mate ana i te ILD e ora ana mō ngā tau me te maimoatanga tika, me te whakahaere. He rereke te whakatau i runga i te momo ILD motuhake, te wa e whakatau ai, me te pai o tō whakautu ki te maimoatanga.

P2. Ka taea te whakaora i te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

I tēnei wā, kaore he rongoā mō ngā momo mate pūkahukahu o roto, engari ka taea e ngā maimoatanga te whakaiti nui i te whanaketanga, te whakapai ake i te kounga ora. Ka taea te whakapai ake i ētahi momo e whakaohohia ana e ngā whakaoho motuhake ina tangohia te whakaū. Ko te arotahi o te maimoatanga kei te whakahaere i ngā tohu, te whakaiti i te whanaketanga o te mate, te pupuri i tō kaha ki te mahi i ngā mahi o ia rā.

P3. Kia tere te whanaketanga o te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

He rereke te tere o te whanaketanga i runga i te momo ILD, i ngā take takitahi. Ko ētahi momo e whanake haere ana i roto i ngā tau maha, ko ētahi atu penei i te mate pūkahukahu mumura ohorere ka kino haere i roto i ngā wiki, i ngā marama. Ko te mate pūkahukahu fibrosis idiopathic e whanake haere ana i roto i ngā tau 2-5, engari ka rereke tēnei i waenga i ngā takitahi.

P4. Ka taea e te whakakori te awhina i te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Āe, he mea tino āwhina te whakakori tika mō ngā tāngata e mate ana i te mate pūkahukahu o roto. Ka taea e ngā kaupapa whakaora pūkahukahu e whakauru ana i te whakakori tirotiro te whakapai ake i tō manawanui, te whakaiti i te poto o te manawa, te whakanui i te kounga ora. Engari, me whakarite te whakakori ki tō āhuatanga motuhake, me te tirotiro e ngā tohunga hauora.

P5. Me hiahia ahau ki te maimoatanga hāora mō te mate pūkahukahu o roto?

Kāo, ehara ngā tāngata katoa e mate ana i te mate pūkahukahu o roto e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga hāora, engari ka hiahiatia pea i te wā e whanake ana te āhuatanga. Ka tirotirohia e tō taote ō taumata hāora mā ngā whakamātautau toto, te pulse oximetry. Ki te heke ō taumata hāora i raro i ngā taumata motuhake, ka taea e te hāora tāpiri te awhina i a koe ki te pai ake te āhua, te tiaki i tō ngakau, i ētahi atu okana mai i te kino.