He aha te mate pukupuku whatukuhu? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ka puta te mate pukupuku whatukuhu ina tīmata ngā pūtau i roto i ō whatukuhu ki te tipu haere koretake, ka hangaia ai ngā mate pukupuku ka taea te whakaroa i te mahi noa o ō whatukuhu. E rua ngā whatukuhu, he rite te ahua ki te piini, kei te taha o tō tuaiwi i raro i ō riu. E mahi ana rātou i te ra katoa ki te horoi i ngā paru i roto i tō toto, me te hanga mimi, no reira, ki te puta te mate pukupuku ki konei, ka pā pea ki tenei mahi horoi nui e whakawhirinaki ana tō tinana ki a ia.

He aha te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ka puta te mate pukupuku whatukuhu ina riro ngā pūtau whatukuhu hauora hei pūtau koretake, ka nui haere te maha. Ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku whatukuhu ka tīmata i ngā pūtau iti i roto i ō whatukuhu e kiia nei ko ngā nephrons, he rite ki ngā miriona o ngā kānana iti e horoi ana i tō toto.

Ko te momo tino noa ko te renal cell carcinoma, e 85% pea o ngā mate pukupuku whatukuhu katoa. Whakaarohia hei momo ‘matua’ e kitea pinepine ana e ngā tākuta. He momo iti ake ano hoki, pēnei i te transitional cell carcinoma me te Wilms tumor, e pā ana ki ngā tamariki.

Ko te mea e wero ana i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu, ko te tipu ngāwari me te kore tohu i ngā wā tīmata. Kei roto i tō tinana ngā whatukuhu, no reira ka taea te tipu o ngā mate pukupuku iti me te kore koe e kite i tetahi rerekētanga i te tīmatanga.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ko te mate pukupuku whatukuhu i te tīmatanga e kore e tino tohu, koia te take i karangatia ai hei mate ‘ngāwari’. Ki te puta mai ngā tohu, ka taea te ngāwari me te whakaaro pea he hononga ki ētahi atu āhuatanga iti ake te kino.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu ka pā pea ki a koe, mai i te tino noa ki ngā mea iti te maha:

• Toto i roto i tō mimi, ka taea pea te hanga i te tae whero, whero, kōpara rānei
• Te mamae i tō taha, i tō tua rānei e kore e ngaro
• Te pupū, te mea rānei e taea te kite i tō taha, i tō tua rānei
• Te ngaro o te taumaha kaore i whakamaaramahia i roto i ngā wiki, i ngā marama rānei
• Te ngenge e kore e pai ake me te okioki
• Te kirika e haere mai ana, ka haere atu kaore he take mārama
• Te ngaro o te hiahia kai e roa atu i ngā rā torutoru

Ka pā pea ki ētahi atu ngā tohu iti ake te maha, pēnei i te pupū o ō waewae, te toto teitei e puta mai ana, te mate toto rānei. Ka puta ēnei nā te mea ka taea e te mate pukupuku whatukuhu te pā ki te whakahaere a tō tinana i ngā wai me te hanga i ētahi homoni.

Kia mahara, ko te whai i tetahi tohu, i ngā tohu rānei, ehara i te tikanga kei a koe te mate pukupuku whatukuhu. He maha atu ngā āhuatanga ka taea te whakaatu i ngā tohu rite, engari he mea tika kia tirohia e tō tākuta ki te kite koe i ngā huringa mau tonu.

He aha ngā momo o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

He maha ngā momo o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu, ka tīmata ia i ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō whatukuhu. Ko te mārama ki te momo ka āwhina i tō tākuta ki te whakarite i te huarahi maimoatanga pai mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Ko ngā momo matua ko ēnei:

• Renal cell carcinoma – ko te momo tino noa, ka tīmata i ngā pūtau kānana o te whatukuhu
• Transitional cell carcinoma – ka tīmata i te wā hono o tō whatukuhu ki te ureter
• Renal sarcoma – he momo iti te maha e tīmata ana i te kiko hono o te whatukuhu
• Wilms tumor – e pā ana ki ngā tamariki i raro i te 5 tau
• Lymphoma – ina riro te kiko lymph i roto i te whatukuhu hei mate pukupuku

He maha ngā momo o te renal cell carcinoma, ko te clear cell te tino noa. Ka taea e tō tākuta te whakatau i te momo tika mā te biopsy me ngā whakamātautau whakaahua. He rerekē te whāinga o ia momo, me te whakautu ki ngā maimoatanga rerekē, koia te take i tino nui ai te whiwhi i te tautuhi tika.

He aha ngā take o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ka puta te mate pukupuku whatukuhu ina pakaru tetahi mea i te DNA i roto i ngā pūtau whatukuhu, ka nui haere te tipu me te wehewehe. Ahakoa kaore tatou i te mohio tonu ki te aha te mea e whakaoho ana i tēnei huringa, kua kitea e ngā kairangahau etahi take ka taea te whakapiki i te tūponotanga.

Ko ngā take tūponotanga tino nui ko ēnei:

• Te whakakā te taakaha, e rua te tūponotanga atu i te hunga kāore e whakakā
• Te momona, ina koa te mau i te taumaha nui atu i tō waenganui
• Te toto teitei kua roa te roa
• Te hītori whānau o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu i ngā mātua, i ngā teina rānei
• Ētahi āhuatanga ira pēnei i te mate von Hippel-Lindau
• Te maimoatanga dialysis roa mō te kore mahi whatukuhu
• Te whakamahinga ki ētahi matū pēnei i te asbestos, i te cadmium rānei

He mahi anō te tau, ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku whatukuhu ka puta ki ngā tāngata neke atu i te 45 tau. Ka whāiti ake te maha o ngā tāne e whiwhi ana i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu i ngā wāhine, ahakoa kaore ngā tākuta i tino mohio he aha te take o tēnei.

He mea nui te mohio kei te whai i ngā take tūponotanga ehara i te tikanga ka whiwhi koe i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu. He maha ngā tāngata e whai ana i ngā take tūponotanga maha kaore e whiwhi i te mate, i te wā e whiwhi ana ētahi atu kaore he take tūponotanga e mohiotia ana.

Nōhea te haere ki te tākuta mō ngā tohu mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō tākuta ki te kite koe i te toto i roto i tō mimi, ahakoa kotahi noa te wā. Ko tēnei tohu tonu e tika ana kia whakarongohia e te hauora, ahakoa kei te mamae koe, kei te whai atu rānei ngā tohu.

Whakapa atu anō ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki te mamae tonu tō tua, tō taha rānei e kore e pai ake me te okioki, me ngā tikanga whakaora mamae noa. Ko te mamae e whakaoho ana i a koe i te pō, i te kino ake rānei i te wā, he mea tika kia kōrerohia.

Kaua e tatari ki te rapu awhina ki te ngaro o te taumaha kaore i whakamaaramahia me te ngenge, ina koa ki te kite koe i ngā huringa i tō hiahia kai. Ahakoa he maha ngā take o ēnei tohu, he pai ake te tirotiro i mua atu i muri mai.

Ki te whai koe i te hītori whānau o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu, i ngā āhuatanga ira rānei e whakapiki ana i tō tūponotanga, kōrero atu ki tō tākuta mō ngā kaupapa whakamātautau tika. Ko te kite wawe ka tino whai hua te maimoatanga.

He aha ngā take tūponotanga mō te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

He maha ngā take ka taea te whakapiki i ō tūponotanga ki te whiwhi i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu, ahakoa ko te whai i ēnei take tūponotanga ehara i te tikanga ka whiwhi koe i te mate. Ko te mārama ki ēnei take ka taea te āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau whakamārama mō tō hauora me te whakamātautau.

Ko ngā take tūponotanga e pā ana ki te oranga ka taea te whakahaere ko ēnei:

• Te whakakā hikareti, te whakamahi rānei i ētahi atu hua taakaha
• Te nui rawa te taumaha, te momona rānei
• Te kore whakahaere i te toto teitei
• Te kai i te kai nui i ngā kai kohuatia me te iti i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua

Ko ngā take hauora me ngā take ira kaore e taea te whakahaere ko ēnei:

• Ko te tane (e rua te tūponotanga o ngā tāne ki te whiwhi i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu)
• Te pakeke neke atu i te 45 tau, ka nui haere te tūponotanga i ia tekau tau
• Te hītori whānau o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu
• Ngā āhuatanga ira pēnei i te mate von Hippel-Lindau
• Te mate whatukuhu roa e hiahia ana ki te dialysis
• Te maimoatanga o mua me ētahi rongoā

Ko te whakamahinga i te wā mahi ki ngā mea pēnei i te asbestos, te cadmium rānei, i ētahi atu kaiwhakawehe organik rānei ka taea te whakapiki i te tūponotanga. Ki te mahi koe i ngā umanga ka puta pea ēnei whakamahinga, he mea nui te whai i ngā tikanga haumaru me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tiaki.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ka taea e te mate pukupuku whatukuhu te arahi ki ngā raruraru maha, mai i te mate pukupuku anō, me te maimoatanga. Ko te mārama ki ēnei wā pea ka āwhina i a koe ki te matawai me te wā ki te rapu atu awhina hauora.

Ko ngā raruraru e hono ana ki te mate pukupuku ko ēnei:

• Ngā raruraru mahi whatukuhu ki te pā te mate pukupuku ki te horoi toto a ō whatukuhu
• Te toto teitei mai i ngā mate pukupuku e pā ana ki ngā oko toto
• Te mate toto ina whakaroa te mate pukupuku i te hanga pūtau toto whero
• Te hora o te mate pukupuku ki ētahi atu whekau pēnei i ngā ngāwari, ngā wheua, te ate rānei
• Ngā toto i ngā waewae, i ngā ngāwari rānei

Ko ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te maimoatanga ka taea te whakauru i ngā tūponotanga pokanga pēnei i te toto, te mate rānei, ngā pānga o ngā rongoā, i ngā huringa mahi whatukuhu wā poto rānei. Ka tirotiro tata atu tō rōpū hauora mō ēnei take, ā, he rautaki kei a rātou hei whakahaere i ēnei.

Ko te rongo pai, ko te maha o ngā raruraru ka taea te aukati, te whakaora rānei ina kite wawe. Ko ngā hui whakarite tonu ka taea ai e tō rōpū hauora te kite me te whakahaere i ngā raruraru i mua i te kino.

Me pēhea te aukati i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ahakoa kaore e taea te aukati i ngā take katoa o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu, ka taea e koe te mahi kia iti ake ai tō tūponotanga. Ko ngā rautaki aukati tino whai hua ka arotahi ki ngā huringa oranga e tautoko ana i te hauora whatukuhu katoa.

Ko ēnei ngā mea tino whai hua ka taea e koe te mahi:

• Te mutu i te whakakā, te kore rānei e tīmata – ka taea e tēnei huringa kotahi te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga ki te haurua
• Te pupuri i te taumaha hauora mā te kai rite me te whakakori tinana auau
• Te whakahaere i tō toto teitei mā te kai, te whakakori tinana, me ngā rongoā ki te hiahiatia
• Te kai i te nui o ngā hua me ngā huawhenua i te wā e whakaiti ana i ngā kai tukatuka
• Te pupuri i te wai mā te inu i te wai tika i te rā katoa
• Te whakaiti i te inu waipiro ki ngā taumata tika

Ki te mahi koe me ngā matū, i ngā umanga rānei e whai hua ana ki te mate pukupuku whatukuhu, whai tonu i ngā tikanga haumaru. Kakahuhia ngā taputapu tiaki, kia pai te hau i tō wāhi mahi.

Mō ngā tāngata e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga ira e whakapiki ana i te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu, he mea tino nui te mahi tahi me te kaiāwhina ira me te whai i ngā kaupapa whakamātautau e tūtohutia ana. Ka taea e ēnei mahi whakamua te āwhina i te hopu i ngā raruraru i ngā wā tīmatanga, ngā wā tino taea te whakaora.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ko te tautuhi i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu e tīmata ana mā tō tākuta e ui ki ō tohu me tō hītori hauora, ka whai ake te whakamātautau tinana. Ki te whakapaehia te mate pukupuku whatukuhu, he maha ngā whakamātautau ka āwhina i te whakau i te tautuhi me te whakatau i te wā o te mate pukupuku.

Ko te tukanga tautuhi e whakauru ana i ēnei kaupae:

1. Ngā whakamātautau toto me te mimi hei tirotiro i te mahi whatukuhu me te rapu i ngā āhuatanga koretake
2. Ngā whakaahua pēnei i te CT, i te MRI rānei hei kite i ngā whakaahua taipitopito o ō whatukuhu
3. Te ultrasound hei wehewehe i ngā mate pukupuku pakari me ngā cysts kī
4. I ētahi wā he biopsy, kei hea te tango i te tauira iti o te kiko hei tirotiro
5. Ngā whakaahua atu hei tirotiro mena kua hora te mate pukupuku ki ētahi atu wāhanga o tō tinana

Ko ngā whakaahua CT te whakamātautau whakaahua tuatahi e whakamahia ana, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakaatu i ngā mate pukupuku whatukuhu mārama. Ka taea e tō tākuta te whakamahi i te tae whakapae kia tino taipitopito ai ngā whakaahua, ka āwhina i te wehewehe i te mate pukupuku i te kiko whatukuhu noa.

He mea whakamīharo, ka kitea ngā wā i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu i ngā whakamātautau i mahia mō ētahi atu take. Ko ēnei kitenga ‘kore i whakamaheretia’ e hopu pinepine ana i te mate pukupuku i ngā wā tīmatanga, ngā wā tino taea te whakaora.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te mate pukupuku whatukuhu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā take maha, tae atu ki te rahi o te mate pukupuku, te wāhi, te wā, me tō hauora katoa. Ko te rongo pai, ko te maha o ngā mate pukupuku whatukuhu ka taea te whakaora pai, ina koa ina kite wawe.

Ko te pokanga te maimoatanga matua mō te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku whatukuhu. Ka taea e tō taote te tango noa i te mate pukupuku me ētahi atu kiko (partial nephrectomy) i te whatukuhu katoa (radical nephrectomy). Ko te nuinga o ēnei pokanga ka taea te mahi inaianei mā ngā tikanga iti te wero, me ngā wahi iti ake.

Ko ētahi atu whiringa maimoatanga ko ēnei:

• Ngā rongoā whakapae e whakaeke ana ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ngā pūtau mate pukupuku
• Te immunotherapy hei āwhina i tō pūnaha mate i te whawhai ki te mate pukupuku
• Te rongoā radiation mō ngā mate pukupuku kua hora atu, kāore rānei e taea te tango mā te pokanga
• Ngā tikanga ablation e whakamatao ana, e whakamahana ana rānei i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku hei whakangaro i a rātou
• Te tirotiro mahi mō ngā mate pukupuku iti rawa, te tipu ngāwari rānei

Ka mahi tahi tō rōpū maimoatanga ki a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te huarahi pai e rite ana ki tō āhuatanga motuhake. He maha ngā tāngata e pai ana te mahi me te maimoatanga, ina koa ina hopukina te mate pukupuku whatukuhu i mua i te hora atu i tua atu o te whatukuhu.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā tohu i te kāinga i te wā e maimoatia ana te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ko te whakahaere i ngā tohu me ngā pānga i te kāinga he mahi nui i roto i tō mahere maimoatanga katoa. Ka taea e ngā rautaki ngāwari te āwhina i a koe ki te pai ake te noho me te pupuri i tō kaha i te wā e maimoatia ana.

Mō te whakamarie whānui me te whakahaere kaha:

• Okioki ina hiahia koe, engari ngana ki te noho mahi māori me ngā hikoi poto
• Kai iti, maha ngā kai ki te iti tō hiahia kai
• Pupuri i te wai ki te kore tō tākuta e tohu ke
• Tangohia ngā rongoā kua tohua tika
• Pupuri i te puka tohu hei whai i ngā huringa me te whakapiri atu ki tō rōpū hauora

Ko te whakahaere mamae ka taea te whakauru i te whakamahi i ngā rongoā mamae kua tohua, te whakamahi i ngā putea wera, i ngā putea makariri rānei ki ngā wāhi mamae, me te mahi i ngā tikanga whakangāwari pēnei i te manawa hohonu. Kaua rawa e whakaroa ki te whakapiri atu ki tō rōpū hauora ki te uaua te whakahaere i te mamae.

Pupurihia ngā hononga ki ngā whānau me ngā hoa, nā te mea he nui te pānga o te tautoko ngākau ki te āhua o tō noho i te wā e maimoatia ana. He maha ngā tāngata e kite ana i ngā rōpū tautoko hei awhina mō te hono atu ki ētahi atu e mārama ana ki te mea e pā ana ki a rātou.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui tākuta?

Ko te whakarite mō tō hui ka āwhina i te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te nuinga o tō wā me te rōpū hauora. Ko te whakarite ka taea ai te kōrero i ō awangawanga katoa, ka āwhina i tō tākuta ki te whakarato i te tiaki pai.

I mua i tō hui, kohikohia ēnei mōhiohio nui:

• Te rārangi o ō tohu katoa o nāianei, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou
• Ngā rongoā katoa e tangohia ana e koe, tae atu ki ngā rongoā-ā-te-kāinga me ngā taapiri
• Tō hītori hauora whānau, ina koa ngā mate pukupuku
• Ngā rēkōta hauora o mua me ngā hua whakamātautau ki te kite i tetahi tākuta hou
• Ō mōhiohio inihua me tō whakaatu

Tuhia ō pātai i mua i te wā kia kaua e wareware ki te ui ki a rātou. Ko ngā pātai nui ka taea te whakauru i te ui mō tō tautuhi, ngā whiringa maimoatanga, ngā pānga e tatari ana, me te āhua o te maimoatanga ki tō oranga o ia rā.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i te mema whānau, i te hoa rānei e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō hui. Ka taea e rātou te āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā mōhiohio i kōrerotia, me te whakarato tautoko ngākau. He maha ngā tāngata e kite ana he mea whai hua te tuhi i ngā kōrero, te ui rānei mena ka taea te rekoata i ngā wāhanga nui o te kōrero.

He aha te mea nui mō te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ko te mea tino nui ki te mārama mō te mate pukupuku whatukuhu, ko te kite wawe me te maimoatanga ka tino pai ake ngā hua. Ahakoa ka taea e te whakaaro ki te mate pukupuku te whakawehi, he maha ngā tāngata e whai ana i te mate pukupuku whatukuhu e ora tonu ana i ngā oranga tino pai, hauora i muri i te maimoatanga.

Whakarongo ki tō tinana, kaua hoki e wareware ki ngā tohu mau tonu, ina koa te toto i te mimi, i te mamae tua kaore i whakamaaramahia rānei. He maha ngā take pea o ēnei tohu, engari e tika ana kia arotakehia e te hauora kia kore ai ngā āhuatanga kino.

Kia mahara kei a koe te mana nui atu i tō whakaaro mō tō tūponotanga ki te mate pukupuku whatukuhu. Ko ngā huringa oranga ngāwari pēnei i te kore whakakā, te pupuri i te taumaha hauora, me te whakahaere i te toto teitei ka taea te whakaiti nui i ō tūponotanga ki te whiwhi i tēnei mate.

Ki te whiwhi koe i te tautuhi mate pukupuku whatukuhu, kia mohio kei te pai haere ngā whiringa maimoatanga i ngā tau tata nei. Mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora, ui pātai, kaua hoki e whakaroa ki te rapu i ngā whakaaro tuarua mō ngā whakatau maimoatanga nui. Kāore koe i te kotahi i roto i tēnei haerenga.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te mate pukupuku whatukuhu

Ka taea te ora i te oranga noa me tetahi whatukuhu?

Ae, ka taea te ora i te oranga tino noa me tetahi whatukuhu hauora. Ka nui ake te tipu o tō whatukuhu e toe ana, ka nui ake te mahi hei utu mō te whatukuhu e ngaro ana, ka whakahaeretia e ia ngā mahi kānana katoa e hiahia ana tō tinana. He maha ngā tāngata kaore e kite i tetahi rerekētanga i te āhua o o rātou noho i ia rā i muri i te pokanga tango whatukuhu.

He mate mate te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ehara te mate pukupuku whatukuhu i te mate mate, ina koa ina kite wawe. Ko te reiti ora rima tau mō te mate pukupuku whatukuhu kaore i hora atu i tua atu o te whatukuhu neke atu i te 90%. Ahakoa kua hora te mate pukupuku ki ngā wāhi tata, he maha ngā tāngata e ora ana mō ngā tau me te kounga ora pai mā ngā maimoatanga hou.

Me pēhea te āhua o te mamae mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

Ko te mamae mate pukupuku whatukuhu e tino āhua ana he mamae ngāwari, he kore ngāwari rānei i tō taha, tō tua, i tō taha rānei. Kāore i rite ki te mamae uaua e haere mai ana, ka haere atu rānei, ko tēnei mamae e mau tonu ana, kāore hoki e pai ake me ngā huringa tūnga, te okioki rānei. Ka whakaahuahia e ētahi he āhua hohonu, he ngau rānei i te mamae koi, i te mamae ngau rānei.

Me pēhea te tere o te hora o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu?

He rerekē ngā tere tipu o te mate pukupuku whatukuhu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo me ngā take takitahi. Ko ētahi mate pukupuku whatukuhu e tipu ana i te wā roa, i te wā e taea ai te hora tere ake i ngā marama. Ko te nuinga o ngā renal cell carcinomas e tipu ana i te tere noa, koia te take i tino whai hua ai te tirotiro auau me te maimoatanga tika.

Ka hoki mai te mate pukupuku whatukuhu i muri i te maimoatanga?

Ka hoki mai te mate pukupuku whatukuhu i muri i te maimoatanga, koia te take i tino nui ai ngā hui whakarite tonu. Heoi, kua heke ngā reiti hoki mai me ngā tikanga pokanga pai ake me ngā maimoatanga pai ake. Ko te nuinga o ngā hoki mai ka puta i roto i ngā tau torutoru i muri i te maimoatanga, a he maha ka taea te whakaora anō ki te hopukina wawe mā te tirotiro.