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He aha te Kūramu? Ngā Tōmhanga, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga
He aha te Kūramu? Ngā Tōmhanga, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Health Library

He aha te Kūramu? Ngā Tōmhanga, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

October 10, 2025


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Ko ngā kūramu he ngarara iti e noho ana i roto i te makawe tangata, ā, e kai ana i te toto mai i tō upoko. He tino noa, ina koa ki ngā tamariki, ā, ahakoa ka whakama koe ki te whakahaere, ehara i te mea kino, kāore hoki e hora te mate.

Ko ēnei parāoaite kāore he pakau, he rite te rahi ki te purapura sesame, kāore hoki e taea te pūkae, te rere rānei. Ka horapa mā te hononga tika o ngā ulu, koia te take i tino noa ai i ngā kura me ngā whare tiaki tamariki, kei reira ngā tamariki e takaro tata ana.

He aha ngā tōmhanga o te kūramu?

Ko te tohu tino nui o te kūramu ko te ngau kino i tō upoko, ina koa i muri i ō taringa, i muri hoki i tō kaki. Ka puta tēnei ngau nā te mea kei te pāwera koe ki te wāhine o te kūramu, ā, ka roa pea te 4-6 wiki kia puta mai, ki te mea ko tō tuatahi tēnei wā e pā ana ki te kūramu.

Ko ēnei ngā tōmhanga matua hei titiro atu, mā te tīmata ki ngā mea tino noa:

  • Te ngau kino o te upoko - He maha ngā wā ka kino ake i te pō, ina tino mahi ana ngā kūramu
  • Ngā pupuhi whero, ngā wheka rānei - Mai i te karaka i ngā wāhi ngau
  • Te ahua o te ngau - Te ahua kei te neke tetahi mea i roto i tō makawe
  • Te uaua ki te moe - Ka tino kino te ngau i te wā moe
  • Te riri - He noa ki ngā tamariki kāore e taea te mutu te karaka

Ka kite pea koe i ngā pupuhi whero iti, whero mawhero rānei i tō upoko, kaki, me ō pakihiwi mai i te karaka. Ka taea e ēnei tōmhanga te whakawehi i te oranga o ia rā, engari kia mahara ko ngā kūramu ka taea te whakaora, ā, he tino whakahaere.

He aha ngā momo kūramu?

E toru ngā momo kūramu e pā ana ki te tangata, ā, kei ia wahi o tō tinana te noho a ia. Ko ngā kūramu o te upoko te tino noa, ina koa ki ngā tamariki me ngā whānau.

Ngā kūramu o te upoko e noho ana i roto i te makawe o tō upoko anake, ā, koia te mea e whakaaro ana te nuinga o te iwi ina rongo ratou i te kupu “kūramu”. He tae hina-mā, parauri rānei, ā, he rite te rahi ki te purapura pīnati.

Ngā kūramu o te tinana he iti ake te noa, ā, e noho ana i roto i ngā kakahu me ngā moenga, ka neke anake ki tō kiri hei kai. He nui ake i ngā kūramu o te upoko, ā, e pā ana ki te nuinga ki te hunga kāore e uru atu ki ngā kakahu ma, ki ngā whare kaukau rānei.

Ngā kūramu o te wahine (ka karangatia etahi wā ko te “kākaho”) e noho ana i roto i te makawe rapa i te wāhi ira tangata, ā, e horapa ana mā te hononga ira tangata. Koinei te iti rawa o ngā momo e toru, ā, he ahua kākaho.

He aha te take o te kūramu?

Ka horapa ngā kūramu mā te hononga tika ki te tangata kua pangia. Ko te huarahi tino noa e puta ai tēnei ko te hononga o ngā ulu i te wā e takaro ana, i te wā e takaro ana, i ngā wā moe, i ngā awhi poto rānei i waenga i ngā hoa.

Whakaaturia etahi whakaaro he mo te horapa o te kūramu:

  • Te hononga tika o ngā ulu - Ko te huarahi matua e neke ai ngā kūramu i te tangata ki te tangata
  • Te whakamahi tahi i ngā taonga whaiaro - Pokapū, here makawe, paraihe, moenga rānei (ahakoa he iti ake te noa)
  • Te noho tata - Te moe i runga i te moenga kotahi, te noho tata rānei

Koinei te mea nui hei mārama: kāore ngā kūramu e pūkae, e rere, e kauhoe rānei. Kāore hoki ratou e noho ki ngā kararehe, na reira kāore e taea e tō kuri, e tō ngeru rānei te homai i te kūramu ki a koe, te hopu rānei i a koe.

Kāore he hononga o te kūramu ki te ma. Ko ēnei ngarara he pai ki te makawe ma, no te mea he ngāwari ake te whakauru i ō hua.

Nō hea te kite i te taote mō te kūramu?

Me kite koe i te kaiwhakarato hauora mena kāore i mahi ngā maimoatanga over-the-counter i muri i ngā whakamātautau e rua, mena kāore rānei koe e tino mōhio kei te kūramu koe. Ka taea e ētahi atu āhuatanga o te upoko te rite ki te ahua, ā, ko te whiwhi i te whakatau tika ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakaora i te raruraru.

Whakapa atu ki tō taote mena ka kite koe i ngā tohu o te mate mai i te karaka, pēnei i:

  • Ngā wāhi whero, pupuhi, ngawari rānei i te upoko
  • Te pū, te kiri kowhai rānei i te taha o ngā tohu karaka
  • Ngā whekau lymph pupuhi i tō kaki
  • Te kirika me te mamae o te upoko

Me whakapa atu hoki koe ki te tino kino te ngau, ā, kei te pānga ki te moe, ki ngā mahi o ia rā rānei, mena kei te whakahaere koe i ngā mate kūramu i te wā o te maimoatanga.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te kūramu?

Ka tino kitea ngā āhuatanga me ngā taiao e tino kitea ai te kūramu. Ka taea e te mārama ki ēnei take morearea te awhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā mahi hei aukati i a rātou, ahakoa kia mahara ko te tangata tetahi ka whiwhi i te kūramu ahakoa te tau, te ma rānei.

Ko ngā take morearea tino noa ko:

  • Te noho i te kura (3-11 tau) - Ka takaro tata ngā tamariki, ka whakamahi tahi i ngā taonga
  • Te hononga tata ki te tangata kua pangia e te kūramu - Ngā mema whānau, ngā hoa kura, hoa rānei
  • Te whakamahi tahi i ngā taonga whaiaro - Paraihe, pokapū, taonga makawe, moenga rānei
  • Te whai wāhi ki ngā mahi rōpū - Hākinakina, moe, puni rānei
  • Te noho i ngā wāhi tūhura - Ngā rūma moe, ngā whare rongoā, ngā whare nui rānei

Ka tino whiwhi ngā kōtiro i te kūramu o te upoko atu i ngā tama, pea no te mea he roa ake te makawe, he maha ake te hononga tinana i te wā e takaro ana. Heoi, kāore tēnei e kī he koretake ngā tama - ka taea e rātou te whiwhi i te kūramu.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te kūramu?

Ahakoa kāore ngā kūramu i te mea kino, ko te raruraru matua ko te karaka i ngā ngau ngau. Ka taea e te karaka tonu te pakaru i te kiri, ā, ka arahi ki ngā mate huakita e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga hauora.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru hei titiro atu:

  • Ngā mate huakita tuarua - Mai i te karaka e pakaru ana i te kiri
  • Impetigo - He mate kiri iti me ngā wheka honi-kiri
  • Cellulitis - He mate kiri hohonu ka horapa (he iti te noa engari he kino)
  • Te whakararu i te moe - Mai i te ngau kino o te pō
  • Te whakama - Te whakama ka pā ki te whare wānanga, ki te mahi rānei

I etahi wā he iti rawa te noa, ka taea e ngā kūramu o te tinana te kawe i ngā mate pēnei i te typhus, engari he tino onge tēnei i ngā whenua whānui. Kāore ngā kūramu o te upoko, koinei te momo tino noa, e kawe ana, e horapa ana rānei i ngā mate.

Me pēhea te aukati i te kūramu?

Ahakoa kāore e taea e koe te aukati katoa i te kūramu, ina koa mena kei a koe ngā tamariki kura, he mahi whai hua ka taea te whakaiti i tō morearea. Ko te mea nui ko te karo i te hononga tika o ngā ulu, te whakamahi tahi rānei i ngā taonga whaiaro e pā ana ki te makawe, ki te upoko rānei.

Ko ēnei ngā rautaki aukati tino whai hua:

  • Te karo i te hononga o ngā ulu - I te wā e takaro ana, i te wā e takaro ana, i te tango whakaahua rānei
  • Kaua e whakamahi tahi i ngā taonga whaiaro - Pokapū, here makawe, paraihe, potae rānei
  • Te whakamahi i te rokiroki motuhake - Pupuri i ngā koti me ngā potae i ngā wāhi motuhake i te kura
  • Te tirotiro tonu - Ina koa i ngā wā e horapa ana te kūramu i te kura
  • Te here i te makawe roa - Ka whakaiti i te hononga i ngā mahi

Ka whakamahi etahi i te hinu tii tii, i ētahi atu mea aukati taiao rānei, engari he iti te mōhiohio pūtaiao e mahi ana ēnei. Ko te aukati tino whakawhirinaki ko te mohio me te tango i ngā whakaritenga whai hua.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te kūramu?

Ko te whakatau i te kūramu ko te tirotiro tika i te makawe me te upoko mō ngā kūramu ora, mō ō hua rānei (e kiia ana ko ngā nits). Ko te wā pai hei tirotiro ko te rā marama, mā te whakamahi i te karāhe whakanui mena kei a koe.

Ko ēnei ngā mea hei titiro atu i te wā e tirotiro ana koe:

  • Ngā kūramu ora - Ngā ngarara iti, hina-mā e neke haere ana
  • Nits (hua) - He iti, he rite te ahua ki te hua, ā, e piri ana ki ngā aho makawe
  • Te wāhi - Tirohia i muri i ngā taringa, i te kaki, i te korona o te upoko
  • Te nekehanga - Ka ngana ngā kūramu ora ki te karo i te mārama, ka neke atu hoki

Ka uaua pea ngā nits no te mea ka ngaro pea rātou ki te dandruff, ki te hanga-ake o te whakapai makawe rānei. Ko te rerekētanga nui ko te piri tonu o ngā nits ki te aho makawe, kāore hoki e taea te horoi, i te mea ka horoia te dandruff.

Mena kāore koe e tino mōhio kei te aha koe e kite ana, ka taea e tō kaiwhakarato hauora, e te nēhi kura rānei te awhina ki te whakau i te whakatau. He wheako kei a rātou ki te tautuhi i te kūramu, ā, ka taea te aratohu i a koe ki te huarahi maimoatanga pai.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te kūramu?

Ko te maimoatanga o te kūramu ko te whakamahi i ngā shampoos motuhake, i ngā wai rānei e whakamate ana i ngā kūramu me ō hua, ka whai ake te kākahu tika hei tango i a rātou i te makawe. Ka taea te whakaora i te nuinga o ngā take i te kāinga mā ngā hua over-the-counter.

Ko ēnei ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga tino noa:

  • Te horoi kiri permethrin (1%) - Kei te wātea over-the-counter, ka whakamate i ngā kūramu ora me ētahi hua
  • Ngā shampoos pyrethrin-based - Ngā mea whakamate ngarara taiao e noa ana ki te nuinga o te iwi
  • Te wai dimethicone - Ka whakamate i ngā kūramu mā te hipoki i a rātou ki te silicone
  • Te kākahu makuku - Te whakamahi i te kākahu niho-iti i ia torutoru rā mō te 2-3 wiki

Mō ngā take pakari, ka taea e tō taote te whakarite i ngā rongoā kaha ake pēnei i te wai malathion, i te ivermectin waha rānei. Ko ēnei te mātua mō ngā take kāore i mahi ngā maimoatanga over-the-counter.

Kia mahara me whakaora e koe ngā mema whānau katoa kua pangia e te kūramu i te wā kotahi hei aukati i te mate hou. Me whakahoki ano e koe te maimoatanga i roto i te 7-10 rā hei hopu i ngā kūramu hou i whānau mai.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te maimoatanga kūramu i te kāinga?

Ko te maimoatanga kāinga mō te kūramu e hiahia ana ki te manawanui me te tika, engari he tino mahi me te huarahi tika. Ko te mea nui ko te whai i ngā tohutohu hua tika, te mahi tika rānei ki te tango i ngā nits mā te kākahu niho-iti.

Koinei tō mahere maimoatanga kāinga taahiraa-i-taahiraa:

  1. Te whakamahi i te maimoatanga - Whai i ngā tohutohu kete tika mō te wā me te whakamahinga
  2. Te kākahu i ngā nits - Te whakamahi i te kākahu rino niho-iti i te wā makuku o te makawe
  3. Te horoi i ngā taonga i roto i te wai wera - Moenga, kakahu, tauera i te 130°F (54°C)
  4. Te whakakakahu tika - Kāpeti, taonga, nohoanga motuka
  5. Te hiri i ngā taonga kāore e taea te horoi - I roto i ngā putea kirihou mō te 2 wiki

Ko te taahiraa kākahu he mea nui, ā, ko te wa roa rawa pea. Mahi i ngā wāhanga iti, te kākahu mai i te upoko ki ngā pito o te makawe. Muru te kākahu ki te tauera pepa ma i muri i ia whiu hei kite i te mea kei te tangohia e koe.

Kāore koe e hiahia ki te whakamahi i ngā matū utu nui, i ngā matū kino rānei puta noa i tō kāinga. Kāore e taea e ngā kūramu te ora neke atu i te 24-48 haora kaore he tangata hei kai, na reira he nui te horoi noa.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui taote?

Mena kei te kite koe i te kaiwhakarato hauora mō te kūramu, kia rite ki ngā mōhiohio mō ngā maimoatanga kua whakamātautauhia e koe, me te roa o tō whakahaere i te raruraru. Ka āwhina tēnei ki a rātou ki te tūtohu i ngā taahiraa e whai ake nei.

I mua i tō hui, kohikohia ēnei mōhiohio:

  • Te wā - I te wā i kite tuatahi ai koe i ngā tōmhanga, me te roa o te noho
  • Ngā maimoatanga o mua - Ngā hua kua whakamahia e koe me te maha o ngā wā
  • Te whānau whakaū - Ko wai ētahi atu i roto i tō whare ka pā pea
  • Ngā mate i te kura, i te whare tiaki tamariki rānei - Ngā take e mohiotia ana i roto i tō hapori
  • Te kino o ngā tōmhanga - Pehea te pānga o te ngau ki te oranga o ia rā

Kawe mai he rārangi o ngā rongoā, o ngā mate pāwera rānei, ina koa mena kei te whakaaro koe ki ngā maimoatanga rongoā. Ki te taea, kaua e horoi tō makawe mō te 24 haora i mua i te hui kia kite mārama ai te kaiwhakarato i ngā kūramu, i ngā nits rānei.

He aha te mea nui mō te kūramu?

Ko ngā kūramu he raruraru noa, ka taea te whakahaere, kāore hoki he hononga ki te ma, ki te hauora whaiaro rānei. Ahakoa he whakawehi, ka taea te ngau kino, kāore e kawe i ngā mate, ā, ka taea te whakaora tika me te huarahi tika.

Ko ngā mea nui hei mahara ko te horapa o ngā kūramu mā te hononga tika, he tino noa ki ngā tamariki, ā, ka pai te whakautu ki te maimoatanga ina tika, ina manawanui hoki koe. Ko te nuinga o ngā whānau e whakahaere ana i te kūramu i tētahi wā, na reira kāore koe i te kotahi i roto i tēnei wheako.

Me te maimoatanga tika me te whai ake, ka taea e koe te whakakore i te kūramu katoa. Ko te mea nui ko te pūnaha mō te maimoatanga, te tirotiro i ngā mema whānau katoa, te whai tonu rānei i te wā e tūtohu ana mō ngā maimoatanga hou.

Ngā pātai noa e pā ana ki te kūramu

Ka taea e ngā kūramu te noho i runga i ngā taonga, i ngā kakahu rānei?

Ka taea e ngā kūramu te ora i waho o te upoko tangata mō te 24-48 haora, engari ka ngoikore, ka mate hoki i te tere kaore he kai toto. Ka noho pea rātou i runga i ngā taonga, i ngā moenga, i ngā kakahu rānei, engari kāore e taea te noho roa i reira. He nui te horoi me te whakakakahu noa - kāore koe e hiahia ki te whakakapi i ngā taonga, ki te whakamahi rānei i ngā mea whakamātao motuhake puta noa i tō kāinga.

Me maka atu e ahau ngā kararehe kua whakakakahu, ngā moenga rānei?

Kāo, kāore koe e hiahia ki te maka atu i ngā taonga whaiaro. Horoi te mea ka taea e koe i roto i te wai wera (130°F) ka maroke i te wera nui mō te 40 meneti. Mō ngā taonga kāore e taea te horoi, hiritia ki roto i ngā putea kirihou mō te 2 wiki. Ka whakangaro tēnei i ngā kūramu pea kei reira. Ka taea te whakaora i te nuinga o ngā taonga me te horoi tika.

Me pēhea taku mōhio mena kua mahi te maimoatanga kūramu?

Tirohia ngā kūramu ora, e neke haere ana i muri i te 8-12 haora i muri i te maimoatanga. Kāore ngā kūramu mate e neke, ā, ka pouri pea te ahua. Ka kite tonu koe i ngā nits (hua) e piri ana ki te makawe, engari ko ngā hua hou i whānau mai kei te tata atu ki te upoko. Mena ka kite koe i ngā kūramu ora i muri i te wiki i muri i te maimoatanga, pea kāore i tino mahi te maimoatanga, me ui atu koe ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora.

Ka taea e ngā pakeke te whiwhi kūramu mai i ō rātou tamariki?

Ae, ka taea e ngā pakeke te whiwhi kūramu mai i ō rātou tamariki mā te hononga tika o ngā ulu i ngā mahi pēnei i te pānui tahi, te awhi, te awhina rānei ki te tiaki makawe. Ko ngā wāhine pakeke te tino whiwhi kūramu atu i ngā tāne pakeke, pea no te mea he maha ake te hononga tata ki ngā tamariki me te makawe roa.

Me noho rānei taku tamaiti i te kāinga mai i te kura mena kei a rātou te kūramu?

Kei te rerekē ngā kaupapa kura, engari he maha ngā kura e tukuna ana ngā tamariki ki te hoki mai i muri i te maimoatanga, ahakoa kei te toe etahi nits. Ko te mea nui ko te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga. Tirohia te kaupapa o tō kura, no te mea ka hiahia etahi ki te whakamārama mai i te nēhi kura. Ko tō tamaiti te tino mate i mua i te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga, kāore i muri.

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