Mate Atete

Ako atu i te taote ate a Sean Cleary, M.D.

Nō wai te mate nei?

Ko te nuinga o ngā mate ate ka puta ki ngā tāngata he mate ate kei a rātou. Engari i etahi wā ka puta te mate ate ki ngā tāngata kāhore he mate ate kei a rātou, ā, kāhore rawa te take i te marama. Ka taea e te mate ate te whakaeke i te mumura roa i roto i te ate, me te kohikohi i ngā rerekētanga ka taea te arahi ki te mate pukupuku. Ko tētahi o ngā raruraru nui ko te maha o ngā tāngata ka pangia e te mate ate, ā, kāhore rātou e mōhiotia rawa kia kino rawa te ate, kua puta rānei te mate pukupuku. Ko ētahi mea e mohiotia ana e tātou e whakapiki ake ana i tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te mate pukupuku ate: Ki te whai koe i ngā mate pukupuku hepatitis B, C rānei, te cirrhosis, ētahi mate ate i tukuna mai i te whānau pēnei i te hemochromatosis me te mate a Wilson, te mate huka, te mate ate ngako kāhore i te waipiro, te whakamahinga rānei i ngā aflatoxins, he nui ake tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te mate pukupuku ate. Ko te inu waipiro nui i ngā tau maha ka taea hoki te arahi ki te pakaru o te ate, ā, ka arahi ki te mate pukupuku ate.

He aha ngā tohu?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata kāhore he tohu me ngā tohu i ngā wā tuatahi o te mate pukupuku ate matua. Ki te puta mai ngā tohu me ngā tohu, ka uru pea ki te ngaro o te taumaha, te ngaro o te hiahia kai, te mamae o te puku o runga, te ruaki me te ruaki, te ngoikore whānui me te ngenge, te pupuhi o te puku, te jaundice kei reira ngā kanohi me te kiri ka kowhai, me ngā paru ma, mawhero. Ko ētahi atu tohu ka uru ki te kirika, ngā uaua nui ake i te puku ka kitea i roto i te kiri, me te whākōkī ranei te toto. Ko ngā kaupapa whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i te ultrasound he tino whai hua ki te kimi i te mate pukupuku ate i mua i te whanake o ngā tohu. Ā, ka whakatenatena mātou i te katoa e pangia ana e ngā raruraru ate kia kōrero ki tō rātou taote mō te tika o te whakamātautau mōu.

Me pēhea te whakatau?

Ko ngā whakamātautau me ngā tukanga e whakamahia ana ki te whakatau i te mate pukupuku ate e whakauru ana i ngā whakamātautau toto. Ka whakaatu pea ēnei i ngā rerekētanga o te mahi ate. Ko ngā whakamātautau whakaahua pēnei i te ultrasound, CT, me te MRI. Ā, ki te whakatau koe, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakatau i te whānui o te mate pukupuku ate, te wā rānei. Katahi ka tono tō taote i ngā whakamātautau whakataunga hei awhina i te whakatau i te rāhi me te wāhi o te mate pukupuku, me te mea kua horapa atu rānei. Ko ngā whakamātautau whakaahua e whakamahia ana ki te whakatakoto i te mate pukupuku ate e whakauru ana i ngā tirotiro CT, MRI, me ngā tirotiro wheua. He maha ngā tikanga o te whakatakoto i te mate pukupuku ate. Hei tauira, kotahi te tikanga e whakamahi ana i ngā tau Roma kotahi ki te whā, ā, tētahi atu e whakamahi ana i ngā reta A ki te D. Ka arotake tō taote i tō wā mate pukupuku hei whakatau i ō kōwhiringa maimoatanga me tō whakatau.

Me pēhea te maimoatanga?

He maha ngā huarahi ka taea e tō taote te awhina i a koe ki te whakawhanake i tētahi rautaki hei whawhai i te mate pukupuku ate. Ka taea te whakarite i te pokanga hei tango i te mate pukupuku, te tango rānei i te ate katoa hei mahi i te whakawhiti ate. Ka uru pea tō maimoatanga ki te rongoā radiation, e whakamahi ana i te kaha nui mai i ngā puna pēnei i ngā X-rays me ngā protons, hei whakangaro i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku me te whakaiti i ngā mate pukupuku. Ka ārahi tika ngā taote i te kaha ki te ate i te wā e tiaki ana i te kiko hauora e karapotia ana. Ko te chemotherapy he maimoatanga noa, ā, ko te whakamahinga o ngā matū kaha hei whawhai me te tumanako ki te whakamate i te mate pukupuku. Ko te rongoā rongoā e whai pā ana ki ngā rerekētanga motuhake kei roto i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. Mā te aukati i ēnei rerekētanga, ka taea e ngā maimoatanga rongoā e whai pā ana te whakamate i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku.

Me pēhea inaianei?

Ka tīmata te mate pukupuku ate i ngā pūtau ate. Ko te momo mate pukupuku ate tino noa ka tīmata i ngā pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā hepatocytes, ā, e kiia ana ko te hepatocellular carcinoma.

Ko te mate pukupuku ate he mate pukupuku e tīmata ana i ngā pūtau o tō ate. Ko tō ate he kōpū rite te rahi ki te pōro whutupaoro e noho ana i te taha matau o runga o tō puku, i raro i tō diaphragm, i runga i tō kopu.

He maha ngā momo mate pukupuku ka taea te hanga i roto i te ate. Ko te momo mate pukupuku ate tino noa ko te hepatocellular carcinoma, e tīmata ana i te momo pūtau ate matua (hepatocyte). Ko ētahi atu momo mate pukupuku ate, pēnei i te intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma me te hepatoblastoma, he iti rawa te noa.

Ko te mate pukupuku e horapa ana ki te ate he noa ake i te mate pukupuku e tīmata ana i ngā pūtau ate. Ko te mate pukupuku e tīmata ana i tētahi atu wāhi o te tinana—pēnei i te kōroke, te pūkahukahu, te u rānei—katahi ka horapa ki te ate, e kiia ana ko te mate pukupuku metastatic, kāhore ko te mate pukupuku ate. Ko tēnei momo mate pukupuku ka whakahuatia i te ingoa o te kōpū i tīmata ai—pēnei i te mate pukupuku kōroke metastatic hei whakaatu i te mate pukupuku e tīmata ana i te kōroke ka horapa ki te ate.

Ko te ate te tūnga o roto nui rawa atu o te tinana. He rite te rahi ki te pōro whutupaoro. Kei te taha matau o runga o te puku, kei runga i te puku.

Kaore te nuinga o te iwi e whai tohu me ngā tohu i ngā wā tuatahi o te mate ate matua. Ki te puta mai ngā tohu me ngā tohu, ka uru pea ki enei:

• Te ngaro o te taumaha kaore i te ngana
• Te ngaro o te hiahia kai
• Te mamae o te puku o runga
• Te ruaki me te ruaki
• Te ngoikore whānui me te ngenge
• Te pupuhi o te puku
• Te tae kōwhai o tō kiri me ngā ma o ō kanohi (jaundice)
• Ngā paru ma, kāreti

Whakaritea he whakatau ki tō tākuta ki te pāngia koe e tetahi tohu rānei tohu rānei e manukanuka ana koe.

Ka puta te mate kōpū i te wā e whanake ana ngā huringa (mutations) i roto i te DNA o ngā pūtau ate. Ko te DNA o te pūtau te mea e homai ana ngā tohutohu mō ia tukanga matū i roto i tō tinana. Ka puta mai ngā huringa i roto i ēnei tohutohu nā ngā mutations DNA. Ko tetahi hua ko te tīmatanga pea o te tipu o ngā pūtau i tua atu o te mana, ā, ka mutu ka hanga he mate pūngāwerewere—he kaupapa o ngā pūtau mate pūngāwerewere.

I etahi wā ka mōhiotia te take o te mate kōpū, pēnei i ngā mate huaketo hepatitis roa. Engari i etahi wā ka puta te mate kōpū i ngā tāngata kāhore he mate o raro, ā, kāhore i te mārama he aha te take.

Ko ngā take e piki ai te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate matua e whai ake nei:

• Te mate pukupuku hepatitis B (HBV) rānei te mate pukupuku hepatitis C (HCV). Ka piki te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate mā te mate pukupuku hepatitis B (HBV) rānei te mate pukupuku hepatitis C (HCV).

• Te cirrhosis. Ko tēnei āhuatanga e ahu whakamua ana, ā, kāore e taea te whakahoki mai, ka pāngia ai te ate e te kiri mate, ā, ka piki ai te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate.

• Ngā mate ate i tukuna i te whānau. Ko ngā mate ate e piki ai te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate, ko te hemochromatosis me te mate a Wilson.

• Te mate huka. He nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate mō te hunga he mate huka i a rātou, i te hunga kāore he mate huka.

• Te mate ate ngako kāore i te waipiro. Ka piki te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate mā te kohikohi o te ngako ki te ate.

• Te whakaū ki ngā aflatoxins. Ko ngā aflatoxins he poizon e hua mai ana i ngā harore e tupu ana i ngā hua e penapena kinotia ana. Ka taea te whakapoke i ngā hua, pēnei i ngā witi me ngā nati, ki ngā aflatoxins, ā, ka taea te whakauru ki ngā kai e hangaia ana i ēnei hua.

• Te inu waipiro nui rawa. Ka taea te arahi i te inu waipiro nui atu i te nui o te waipiro i ia rā i ngā tau maha ki te pakaru o te ate kāore e taea te whakahoki mai, ā, ka piki ai te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate.

Kaore he uauatanga

Ko te cirrhosis te whākākā o te ate, ā, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate. Ka taea e koe te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga o te cirrhosis ki te:

• Inumia te waiū i te taurite, ki te mea he aha rānei. Ki te whiriwhiri koe ki te inu waiū, whakamāramahia te nui o te inu. Mō ngā wāhine, koinei te tikanga kāore atu i tetahi inu i te rā. Mō ngā tāne, koinei te tikanga kāore atu i te rua inu i te rā.
• Whakaritehia te taumaha hauora. Ki te hauora tō taumaha o nāianei, mahi ki te pupuri i taua mea mā te whiriwhiri i te kai hauora me te whakakori i te nuinga o ngā rā o te wiki. Ki te hiahia koe ki te ngaro taumaha, whakaitihia te maha o ngā karōre e kai ana koe i ia rā, ka whakapiki ake i te nui o te whakakori e mahi ana koe. Whakaarohia te ngaro taumaha i te ngāwari—1, 2 pauna (0.5 ki te 1 kiromita) ia wiki. Ka taea e koe te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga o te hepatitis B mā te whiwhi i te werohinga hepatitis B. Ka taea te hoatu te werohinga ki te tata ki te tangata katoa, tae atu ki ngā pēpi, ngā kaumātua me te hunga he pūnaha ārai mate ngoikore. Kāore he werohinga mō te hepatitis C, engari ka taea e koe te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga o te mate.
• Mōhiotia te hauora o te hoa wahine, hoa tane rānei. Kaua e whakauru ki te moe kore tiaki ki te kore koe e tino mohio kei te pangia tō hoa wahine, hoa tane rānei e te HBV, HCV, tetahi atu mate whakawhiti ira rānei. Ki te kore koe e mohio ki te hauora o tō hoa wahine, hoa tane rānei, whakamahia he koniti i ia wā e moe ai koe.
• Kaua e whakamahi i ngā rongoā intravenous (IV), engari ki te mahi koe, whakamahia he ngira ma. Whakaitihia tō tūponotanga o te HCV mā te kore e whakauru i ngā rongoā ture kore. Engari ki te kore taua mea hei whiringa mōu, kia ma te ngira e whakamahi ana koe, ā, kaua e tuwha. Ko ngā taputapu rongoā poke he take noa iho te mate hepatitis C. Whakamahia ngā kaupapa whakawhiti ngira i roto i tō hapori, ka whakaaro ki te rapu awhina mō tō whakamahinga rongoā.
• Rapua ngā toa haumaru, ma i te wa e whiwhi ana i te taatai ​​​​rangi rānei te tā moko. Ka taea e ngā ngira kaore pea i te tino horoi te horapa o te huaketo hepatitis C. I mua i te whiwhi i te taatai ​​​​rangi rānei te tā moko, tirohia ngā toa i tō rohe, ka ui ki ngā kaimahi mō ō rātou mahi haumaru. Ki te whakakahoretia e ngā kaimahi i te toa ngā pātai, te tango rānei i ō pātai, tangohia taua mea hei tohu kei te tika te whare mōu. He rongoā kei te wātea mō ngā mate hepatitis B me te hepatitis C. Ka whakaatu te rangahau ka taea e te rongoā te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate. Mō te iwi whānui, kāore i whakamāramahia te whakamātautau mō te mate pukupuku ate ki te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mate i te mate pukupuku ate, ā, kāore i te tūtohutia. Ko te hunga he āhuatanga e piki ake ai te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate pea ka whakaaro ki te whakamātautau, pēnei i te hunga he:
• Mate hepatitis B
• Mate hepatitis C
• Cirrhosis ate Tākupuhia ngā painga me ngā morearea o te whakamātautau ki tō tākuta. Ngātahi ka taea e kōrua te whakatau he tika te whakamātautau mōu i runga i tō tūponotanga. Ko te whakamātautau te tikanga he whakamātautau toto me te whakamātautau ultrasound o te kopu ia ono marama.

Ko te taote ate a Sean Cleary, M.D., te kaiwhakautu i ngā pātai tino maha e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku ate.

I muri i te whakatau o taku mate, me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi rōpū tiaki?

Ina whakaaroaro ana koe ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi pokapū mō te whakaora i te mate pukupuku ate, me whakaaro koe ki tētahi pokapū e whakaora ana i te maha o ngā mate pukupuku ate, ā, kei a ia ngā mema katoa o tētahi rōpū e hiahiatia ana hei whakaora i tō mate. Ka uru pea tenei ki ngā hepatologist, ara ngā tākuta ate, ngā taote ate, ngā taote whakawhiti, me ngā taote mate pukupuku me ngā taote mate pukupuku radiation.

Me pēhea taku mahi hei hoa pai ki taku rōpū hauora?

Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi pai ki te hono atu ki tō rōpū tiaki ko te whai wāhi. Ui pātai. Ui atu ki a rātou mō ngā whiringa whakaora kei te wātea. Tākupuhia ngā painga me ngā huakore o ngā whakaora e whakatakotoria ana. Ā, ka tahi koutou ka whakatau he aha te mea pai mōu. Ko te mōhio kei te mahi katoa.

Me pēhea te pānga o taku whakatau mate ki taku kai me taku oranga?

Ina kua whakatauhia tō mate pukupuku ate, e hiahia ana mātou ki te ngana ki te karo i ngā mea ka pēnei pea te kino atu i te ate. Ā, ka uru pea ēnei ki te waiū me te wāhine. Ki te kore, e hiahia ana mātou ki te ngana ki te ora hauora i te taea mā te pupuri i te kai hauora me te whakakori tinana auau.

E hiahia ana ahau ki te biopsy?

Ko te mate pukupuku ate tētahi o ngā mate pukupuku ka kore pea e hiahiatia he biopsy hei whakatau i ngā mea e pā ana ki tō tiaki. I ētahi wā, ka taea te whakatau tika i te mate pukupuku ate i runga i ngā rangahau whakaahua penei i ngā CT scan, i ngā MRI rānei. He mea nui kia kōrero ki tō tākuta me tō rōpū hauora hei whakatau he mea tika te biopsy hei wāhanga o tō mahere tiaki.

He mea tika te chemotherapy, te immunotherapy rānei mōu?

Kua maha ngā whanaketanga whakamataku i roto i te mara o te chemotherapy me te immunotherapy mō te mate pukupuku ate. He mea nui kia kōrero ki tō tākuta me tō rōpū hauora hei whakatau he mea tika te chemotherapy, te immunotherapy rānei hei wāhanga o tō mahere whakaora. Mauruuru mō tō wā. Ā, e hiahia ana mātou kia pai koe.

He tukanga te biopsy ate hei tango i tētahi tauira iti o te kiko ate mō te whakamātautau taiwhanga. He mea noa te mahi biopsy ate mā te whakauru i tētahi ngira angiangi i roto i te kiri, ki roto i te ate.

Ngā whakamātautau me ngā tukanga e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te mate pukupuku ate:

• Ngā whakamātautau toto. Ka whakaatu pea ngā whakamātautau toto i ngā raru mahi ate.
• Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua. Ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i ngā whakamātautau whakaahua, pēnei i te ultrasound, CT me MRI.

Te tango i tētahi tauira o te kiko ate mō te whakamātautau. I ētahi wā, he mea tika te tango i tētahi wāhanga o te kiko ate mō te whakamātautau taiwhanga hei whakatau i te mate pukupuku ate.

I te wā o te biopsy ate, ka whakauru tō tākuta i tētahi ngira angiangi i roto i tō kiri, ki roto i tō ate hei tiki i tētahi tauira kiko. I roto i te taiwhanga, ka tirotiro ngā tākuta i te kiko i raro i te microscope hei rapu i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. Kei te biopsy ate te tūpono o te toto, te whākū me te mate.

Ina kua whakatauhia te mate pukupuku ate, ka mahi tō tākuta hei whakatau i te whānui (wāhanga) o te mate pukupuku. Ka āwhina ngā whakamātautau wāhanga ki te whakatau i te rāhi me te wāhi o te mate pukupuku, me te mea kua horapa. Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua e whakamahia ana hei wāhanga i te mate pukupuku ate ko ngā CT, ngā MRI me ngā bone scan.

He maha ngā tikanga o te wāhanga i te mate pukupuku ate. Hei tauira, tētahi tikanga e whakamahi ana i ngā tau Roma I ki te IV, ā, tētahi atu e whakamahi ana i ngā reta A ki te D. Ka whakamahi tō tākuta i te wāhanga o tō mate pukupuku hei whakatau i ō whiringa whakaora me tō whakatau.

Ko ngā maimoatanga mō te mate ate matua e whakahaeretia ana e te whānui (wāhanga) o te mate, me tō tau, hauora whānui, me ngā whakaaro whaiaro.

Ko ngā mahi e whakamahia ana hei whakaora i te mate ate:

• Te pokanga hei tango i te mate pukupuku. I ētahi wā, ka taea e tō tākuta te tūtohutia he mahi hei tango i te mate pukupuku ate me tētahi wāhanga iti o te kiko ate hauora e karapoti ana, ki te iti te mate pukupuku me te pai o te mahi o tō ate.

  Mēnā he whiringa tēnei mōu e whakahaeretia ana e te wāhi o tō mate pukupuku i roto i te ate, te pai o te mahi o tō ate me tō hauora whānui.

• Te pokanga whakawhiti ate. I te wā o te pokanga whakawhiti ate, ka tangohia tō ate mate, ka whakakapihia ki tētahi ate hauora mai i tētahi kaiwhakahoki. Ko te pokanga whakawhiti ate he whiringa anake mō te iti o te hunga e whai ana i te mate pukupuku ate i te tīmatanga.

Te pokanga hei tango i te mate pukupuku. I ētahi wā, ka taea e tō tākuta te tūtohutia he mahi hei tango i te mate pukupuku ate me tētahi wāhanga iti o te kiko ate hauora e karapoti ana, ki te iti te mate pukupuku me te pai o te mahi o tō ate.

Mēnā he whiringa tēnei mōu e whakahaeretia ana e te wāhi o tō mate pukupuku i roto i te ate, te pai o te mahi o tō ate me tō hauora whānui.

Ko ngā maimoatanga rohe mō te mate pukupuku ate ko ngā mea e hoatu ana tika ki ngā pūtau mate pukupuku, ki te wāhi e karapoti ana i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. Ko ngā whiringa maimoatanga rohe mō te mate pukupuku ate:

• Te whakamahana i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. Ka whakamahi te whakakorenga auau-auau i te hiko hiko hei whakamahana me te whakangaro i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. Ma te whakamahi i te whakamātautau whakaahua hei aratohu, penei i te ultrasound, ka whakauru te tākuta i tetahi, i neke atu rānei i ngā ngira angiangi ki ngā tapa iti i roto i tō kopu. Ka tae ngā ngira ki te mate pukupuku, ka whakamahanahia ki te hiko hiko, ka whakangaro i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. Ko ētahi atu tukanga hei whakamahana i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku pea ka whakamahi i ngā maikuku, i ngā lasers rānei.
• Te whakakore i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. Ka whakamahi te cryoablation i te makariri nui hei whakangaro i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. I te wā o te tukanga, ka whakanoho te tākuta i tētahi taputapu (cryoprobe) kei roto te hau konutai tika ki ngā mate pukupuku ate. Ka whakamahia ngā whakaahua ultrasound hei aratohu i te cryoprobe me te aroturuki i te whakakore i ngā pūtau.
• Te whakauru i te waipiro ki te mate pukupuku. I te wā o te whakauru waipiro, ka whakauruhia te waipiro maori tika ki ngā mate pukupuku, mā te kiri, mā te mahi rānei. Ka whakamate te waipiro i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku.
• Te whakauru i ngā rongoā chemotherapy ki te ate. Ko te Chemoembolization he momo maimoatanga chemotherapy e whakarato ana i ngā rongoā anti-cancer kaha tika ki te ate.
• Te whakanoho i ngā piripiri i ki tonu i te radiation i roto i te ate. Ka taea te whakanoho tika i ngā pōro iti kei roto te radiation ki te ate, ka taea te tuku radiation tika ki te mate pukupuku.

Ka whakamahi tēnei maimoatanga i te kaha nui mai i ngā puna penei i ngā X-rays me ngā protons hei whakangaro i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku me te whakaiti i ngā mate pukupuku. Ka ārahi tika ngā tākuta i te kaha ki te ate, me te tiaki i te kiko hauora e karapoti ana.

Pea he whiringa te rongoā radiation ki te kore e taea ētahi atu maimoatanga, ki te kore rātou i awhina. Mō te mate pukupuku ate whānui, pea ka awhina te rongoā radiation ki te whakahaere i ngā tohu.

I te wā o te maimoatanga rongoā radiation o waho, ka takoto koe ki runga i tētahi tepu, ka ārahi tētahi mīhini i ngā kaupapa kaha ki tētahi pito tika i tō tinana.

Ko tētahi momo rongoā radiation motuhake, e kiia nei ko te radiotherapy tinana stereotactic, e whakauru ana i te arotahi i ngā kaupapa maha o te radiation i te wa kotahi ki tētahi pito i roto i tō tinana.

Ko ngā maimoatanga rongoā whai pūāhua e arotahi ana ki ngā rerekētanga motuhake kei roto i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. Mā te aukati i ēnei rerekētanga, ka taea e ngā maimoatanga rongoā whai pūāhua te whakamate i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku.

He maha ngā rongoā whai pūāhua kei te wātea mō te whakaora i te mate pukupuku ate whānui.

Ko ētahi maimoatanga whai pūāhua anake te mahi i roto i te hunga kei a rātou ngā pūtau mate pukupuku he rerekētanga ira motuhake. Ka taea te whakamātautau i ō pūtau mate pukupuku i roto i te taiwhanga hei tirotiro mēnā ka taea e ēnei rongoā te awhina i a koe.

Ka whakamahi te immunotherapy i tō pūnaha mate hei whawhai ki te mate pukupuku. Pea kaore te pūnaha mate-whawhai a tō tinana e whakaeke ki tō mate pukupuku, no te mea ka whakaputa ngā pūtau mate pukupuku i ngā pūmua e whakamoe ana i ngā pūtau pūnaha mate. Ka mahi te immunotherapy mā te whakakore i taua tukanga.

Ko ngā maimoatanga immunotherapy te nuinga o te wā e waihotia ana mō te hunga e whai ana i te mate pukupuku ate whānui.

Ka whakamahi te chemotherapy i ngā rongoā hei whakamate i ngā pūtau tere te tipu, tae atu ki ngā pūtau mate pukupuku. Ka taea te hoatu te chemotherapy mā te uaua i roto i tō ringa, i te ahua o te pire rānei, i ngā rua rānei.

Kei te whakamahia te chemotherapy i ētahi wā hei whakaora i te mate pukupuku ate whānui.

Ko te tiaki whakaora he tiaki hauora motuhake e arotahi ana ki te whakarato i te whakaora mai i te mamae me ētahi atu tohu o te mate kino. Ka mahi ngā tohunga tiaki whakaora me koe, tō whānau me ō tākuta ke atu hei whakarato i tētahi paparanga tautoko atu e whakakī atu ana i tō tiaki haere tonu. Ka taea te whakamahi i te tiaki whakaora i te wā e whakahaeretia ana ētahi atu maimoatanga kaha, penei i te pokanga, te chemotherapy, i te rongoā radiation rānei.

Ka whakamahia te tiaki whakaora me ngā maimoatanga tika katoa, pea ka pai ake te ahua o te hunga e whai ana i te mate pukupuku, ka roa ake te ora.

Ka whakaratohia te tiaki whakaora e tētahi rōpū o ngā tākuta, ngā nēhi me ētahi atu tohunga whakangungu motuhake. Ko te whāinga o ngā rōpū tiaki whakaora ko te whakapai ake i te kounga o te ora mō te hunga e whai ana i te mate pukupuku me ō rātou whānau. Ka tukuna tēnei momo tiaki me ngā maimoatanga whakaora, i ētahi atu maimoatanga rānei e whiwhi ana koe.

Pea ka awhina ngā maimoatanga tārua ki te whakahaere i te mamae i roto i te hunga e whai ana i te mate pukupuku ate whānui. Ka mahi tō tākuta ki te whakahaere i te mamae me ngā maimoatanga me ngā rongoā. Engari i ētahi wā pea ka mau tonu tō mamae, i te mea pea ka hiahia koe ki te karo i ngā pānga o ngā rongoā mamae.

Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō ngā maimoatanga tārua pea ka awhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i te mamae, penei i:

• Acupuncture
• Hypnosis
• Massage
• Ngā tikanga whakahaerenga

Ko te ako kei a koe tetahi mate kino pea ka whakangaro. Ka kite ia tangata i ōna ake huarahi hei whakahaere i te whakatau o te mate pukupuku ate. Ahakoa kaore he whakautu ngāwari mō te hunga e whakahaere ana i te mate pukupuku ate, pea ka awhina ngā whakaaro e whai ake nei:

• Akohia te nui o te mate pukupuku ate hei whakatau i ngā whakatau mō tō tiaki. Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō tō mate pukupuku ate, tae atu ki te wāhanga o tō mate pukupuku, ō whiringa maimoatanga, me te mea e pai ana koe, tō whakatau. Ka ako atu koe mō te mate pukupuku ate, pea ka nui ake tō whakapono ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau maimoatanga.

• Kia tata tonu ngā hoa me te whānau. Ko te pupuri i ō hononga tata ka awhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i tō mate pukupuku ate. Ka taea e ngā hoa me te whānau te whakarato i te tautoko mahi e hiahia ana koe, penei i te awhina ki te tiaki i tō whare ki te noho koe i te hōhipera. Ka taea hoki e rātou te mahi hei tautoko ngakau ki te pāngia koe e te mate pukupuku.

• Whakaritea ngā mahere mō te mea kaore i te mohiotia. Ko te whai i te mate kino, penei i te mate pukupuku, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakarite mō te āhei pea ka mate koe. Mō ētahi tangata, ko te whai i te whakapono kaha, i te āhua rānei o tetahi mea nui atu i a rātou ake, ka ngāwari ake te whakaae ki te mate kino.

  Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō ngā tohutohu whakamua me ngā whakahau ora hei awhina i a koe ki te whakarite mō te tiaki mutunga o te ora, mēnā e hiahia ana koe.

Rapua tētahi hei kōrero atu. Rapua tētahi kaiwhakarongo pai e taea ai e koe te kōrero mō ō tumanakohanga me ō wehi. Pea he hoa tēnei, he mema whānau rānei. Pea ka awhina hoki te tautoko a tētahi kaiāwhina, kaimahi pāpori hauora, mema whakaminenga, rōpū ora mate pukupuku rānei.

Whakaritea ngā mahere mō te mea kaore i te mohiotia. Ko te whai i te mate kino, penei i te mate pukupuku, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakarite mō te āhei pea ka mate koe. Mō ētahi tangata, ko te whai i te whakapono kaha, i te āhua rānei o tetahi mea nui atu i a rātou ake, ka ngāwari ake te whakaae ki te mate kino.

Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō ngā tohutohu whakamua me ngā whakahau ora hei awhina i a koe ki te whakarite mō te tiaki mutunga o te ora, mēnā e hiahia ana koe.

Kaore he uauatanga