He aha te mate kōpū? Ngā tohu, ngā take, me te rongoā

Ko te mate kōpū te tupu o ngā pūtau koretake i roto i tō kōpū, ā, ka tupu haere hei ngā pūngāwerewere. Ko tō kōpū, tētahi o ngā kōpū nui o tō tinana, kei te taha matau o runga o tō kopu, ā, ka mahi kaha ki te horoi i ngā pokanoa, ki te hanga i ngā pūmua, ā, ki te āwhina i te whakahaere kai.

E rua ngā momo nui o te mate kōpū. Ko te mate kōpū matua ka tīmata i roto i te kōpū anō, engari ko te mate kōpū tuarua ka horapa ki te kōpū mai i ētahi atu wāhanga o tō tinana. Ko te mōhiotanga ki te rerekētanga ka āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te whiriwhiri i te huarahi rongoā tika mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate kōpū?

I te nuinga o te wā, kāore te mate kōpū i te tīmatanga e puta mai he tohu e kitea ana, koia te take i karangatia ai hei mate ‘ngāwari’. Ki te puta mai ngā tohu, ka raru pea, ā, ka rite ki ētahi atu raruraru hauora noa.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu ka pā atu ki a koe i te wā e tupu haere ana te mate kōpū:

• Te ngaro o te taumaha kaore i te whakaaro ki te ngaro taumaha
• Te ngaro o te hiahia kai, te kī atu rānei kua makona koe i muri i te kai iti
• Te mamae, te ngoikore rānei o te kopu o runga, ina koa i te taha matau
• Te pupuhi o tō kopu mai i te wai e kohikohi ana
• Te kōwhai o tō kiri me ō kanohi (jaundice)
• Te ngenge koretake e kore e pai ake ahakoa te okioki
• Te ruaki me te ruaki
• Ngā paru ma, te tae pango rānei

Ka kite pea etahi i te pouri ake o to mimi i te noa. Ka tupu haere pea enei tohu i roto i nga wiki, i nga marama ranei. Kia mahara, ko te whai i enei tohu kaore e tikanga kei te mate koe i te mate kopu, na te mea he maha atu nga ahuatanga ka puta mai he ahua rite.

He aha ngā momo o te mate kōpū?

Ko te mate kōpū matua ka tīmata i roto i tō kōpū, ā, he maha ngā āhua. Ko te momo tino noa ko te hepatocellular carcinoma, ā, koinei te 80% o ngā mate kōpū matua katoa.

Ko te hepatocellular carcinoma te tupu i roto i te hunga kua pangia e te mate kōpū ranei te cirrhosis. I te nuinga o te wā ka tupu haere noa i te tīmatanga, engari ka horapa pea ki ētahi atu wāhanga o tō kōpū, o tō tinana rānei i te wā.

Ko ētahi atu momo kaore i te noa, ko te cholangiocarcinoma, ka tīmata i ngā ngongo bile i roto i tō kōpū. He iti ake te noa o tēnei momo, engari ka uaua ake pea te rongoā, na te mea ka kitea noa i muri mai.

Ko te mate kōpū tuarua, e kiia ana hoki ko te mate kōpū metastatic, he maha atu i te mate kōpū matua. Ka puta mai tēnei ina horapa te mate mai i tētahi atu wāhanga o tō tinana ki tō kōpū mā tō toto, mā tō pūnaha lymphatic rānei.

He aha ngā take o te mate kōpū?

Ka tupu te mate kōpū ina pakaru te DNA i roto i ngā pūtau kōpū, ā, ka tupu haere. Ka puta mai pea tēnei pakaru mō ngā take maha, ā, ko te mōhiotanga ki ēnei take ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau e pā ana ki tō hauora.

Ko ngā take tino noa ko ēnei:

• Ngā mate hepatitis B ranei hepatitis C
• Cirrhosis mai i te inu waipiro roa
• Te mate kōpū ngako kore-waipiro
• Te whakaū ki ngā aflatoxins (ngā pokanoa mai i ngā witi, ngā nati rānei)
• Ētahi mate kōpū i tukuna mai i te whānau, pēnei i te mate a Wilson
• Te mate huka, ina koa ka whakakotahitia ki ētahi atu āhuatanga kōpū
• Te momona me te mate metabolic

Ko ētahi take kaore i te noa ko te whakaū ki ētahi matū pēnei i te vinyl chloride, te thorium dioxide rānei. Ka piki ake pea te tūponotanga mō te hunga e whakamahi ana i ngā steroids anabolic mō te wā roa, ahakoa he iti te noa o tēnei.

Ko te whai i tētahi o ēnei tūponotanga kaore e tikanga ka pangia koe e te mate kōpū. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e whai ana i ēnei āhuatanga kaore e pangia e te mate, ā, ko ētahi atu kaore he tūponotanga e kitea ana ka pangia.

Nōhea te haere ki te tākuta mō te mate kōpū?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō tākuta ki te pā atu ki a koe ngā tohu e mau tonu ana, ina koa ki te roa atu i ngā wiki torutoru. Ko te kite wawe ka whakarerekē te hua o te rongoā.

Rapua te awhina hauora wawe ki te kite koe i te kōwhai o tō kiri, o ō kanohi rānei, na te mea ka tohu pea tēnei i te raruraru kōpū nui e hiahia ana ki te arotake wawe. Ko te mamae nui o te kopu, te pupuhi ohorere rānei o tō puku, he mea nui hoki te whakatau hauora wawe.

Ki te whai koe i ngā tūponotanga pēnei i te mate hepatitis ranei te cirrhosis, ka nui ake te hiranga o ngā tirotiro noa ki tō tākuta. Ka taea e rātou te aroturuki i tō hauora kōpū, ā, ka kite wawe i ngā huringa.

He aha ngā tūponotanga mō te mate kōpū?

He maha ngā mea ka piki ake ai tō tūponotanga ki te pangia e te mate kōpū, ahakoa ko te whai i ngā tūponotanga kaore e whakamana ka pangia koe e te mate. Ko te mōhiotanga ki ēnei mea ka āwhina i a koe me tō tākuta ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau pai mō tō hauora.

Ko ngā tūponotanga tino nui ko ēnei:

• Te mate hepatitis B ranei C
• Cirrhosis mai i tetahi take
• Te inu waipiro nui mō ngā tau maha
• Te mate kōpū ngako kore-waipiro
• Te mate huka
• Te momona
• Te hītori whānau o te mate kōpū
• Ko te tane (he maha atu ngā tāne e pangia ana e te mate kōpū)
• Te pakeke neke atu i te 60

Ko ētahi atu tūponotanga kaore i te noa ko ētahi āhuatanga ira pēnei i te hemochromatosis, ka nui rawa te tango i te rino e tō tinana. Ko te primary biliary cholangitis me te alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency he āhuatanga ira iti ake e piki ake ai te tūponotanga.

He wāhi hoki ngā āhuatanga whenua. He maha atu ngā mate kōpū i ngā wāhi o Āhia me Āwherika kei reira ngā mate hepatitis B.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te mate kōpū?

Ka arahi pea te mate kōpū ki ngā raruraru nui i te wā e tupu haere ana, e pā ana ki tō mahi kōpū me tō hauora katoa. Ko te mōhiotanga ki ēnei āhuatanga ka āwhina i a koe me tō rōpū hauora ki te whakarite, ki te whakautu tika hoki.

Ko ngā raruraru noa ko ēnei:

• Te kore mahi kōpū i te wā e whakakapi ana ngā pūtau mate i ngā pūtau kōpū hauora
• Te kohikohi wai i roto i tō kopu (ascites)
• Te toto mai i ngā oko toto nui i roto i tō esophagus
• Te wareware, te rerekē rānei o te hinengaro mai i te kohikohi o ngā pokanoa
• Ngā raruraru whatukuhu
• Te horapa o te mate ki ētahi atu kōpū

Ka pangia pea etahi e te portal hypertension, ka puta mai ina aukati te rere toto i roto i te kōpū. Ka arahi pea tenei ki te toto kino, ā, e hiahia ana ki te awhina hauora wawe.

Ko ngā raruraru kaore i te noa ko ngā toto i roto i ngā oko toto o te kōpū, ngā mate kino rānei. Ka aroturuki tata koe e tō rōpū hauora ki te hopu, ki te rongoā wawe hoki i ngā raruraru.

Me pēhea te aukati i te mate kōpū?

Ahakoa kaore e taea te aukati i ngā mate kōpū katoa, ka taea e koe te mahi i ngā mahi whai hua hei whakaiti i tō tūponotanga. Ko te nuinga o ngā rautaki aukati e arotahi ana ki te tiaki i tō kōpū mai i te pakaru ka arahi pea ki te mate.

Ko ngā mahi aukati tino whai hua ko te whiwhi i te werohanga mō te mate hepatitis B ki te kore koe i whiwhi. He tino whai hua tēnei werohanga, ā, ka taea te aukati i tētahi o ngā take nui o te mate kōpū puta noa i te ao.

Ko te whakaiti i te inu waipiro ka tiaki i tō kōpū mai i te cirrhosis, e piki ake rawa ana te tūponotanga o te mate. Ki te inu koe i te waipiro, ngana ki te noho i roto i ngā rohe e tūtohutia ana, ki te whakakore rānei i te inu katoa ki te whai koe i ētahi atu tūponotanga kōpū.

Ko te pupuri i te taumaha hauora mā te whakakori tinana noa me te kai rite ka āwhina i te aukati i te mate kōpū ngako. Arotahi ki te kai i ngā hua, ngā huawhenua, me ngā witi katoa, me te whakaiti i ngā kai whakahaere me ngā huka tāpiri.

Ki te whai koe i te mate hepatitis B ranei C, mahi tata ki tō tākuta ki te whakahaere i te mate mā ngā rongoā antiviral. Ka taea e ēnei rongoā te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga ki te pangia e te mate kōpū.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te mate kōpū?

Ko te whakatau i te mate kōpū e ngākau nui ana ki ngā whakamātautau maha e āwhina ana i tō tākuta ki te kite i ngā mea e puta ana i roto i tō kōpū. Ko te tukanga e tīmata ana i ngā whakamātautau toto me ngā rangahau whakaahua ki te tiki i te whakaahua marama.

Ka tīmata pea tō tākuta mā ngā whakamātautau toto ki te tirotiro i tō mahi kōpū, ki te rapu rānei i ngā tohu pūngāwerewere pēnei i te alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Ko te piki o ngā taumata AFP ka tohu pea i te mate kōpū, ahakoa kaore te katoa e whai mate kōpū e whai taumata teitei.

Ko ngā whakamātautau whakaahua pēnei i ngā CT scans, MRI, ranei ultrasound ka āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te kite i te rahi, te wāhi, me te maha o ngā pūngāwerewere i roto i tō kōpū. He ngāwari ēnei whakamātautau, ā, ka homai he whakaahua taipitopito o te hanganga o tō kōpū.

I etahi wa, he mea nui te biopsy kōpū ki te whakau i te whakatau. I roto i tenei tukanga, ka tangohia e to taakuta he tauira iti o te kōpū ki te tirotiro i raro i te microscope. Koinei te whakautu tino tika mo te mea kei reira nga pūtau mate.

I etahi wa, ka taea e nga taakuta te whakatau i te mate kopu ma te whakaahua anake, ina koa ki te whai koe i te cirrhosis me te pūngāwerewere he āhuatanga motuhake i runga i nga kara.

He aha te rongoā mō te mate kōpū?

Ko te rongoā mō te mate kōpū e ngākau nui ana ki ngā mea maha, tae atu ki te rahi me te wāhi o ngā pūngāwerewere, te pai o te mahi o tō kōpū, me tō hauora katoa. Ka mahi tahi tō rōpū hauora ki a koe ki te hanga i te mahere rongoā motuhake.

Ko te pokanga te tino wāhi mō te whakaora ina kitea wawe te mate, kāore hoki i horapa atu i te kōpū. Ko ngā kōwhiringa ko te tango i tētahi wāhanga o tō kōpū (partial hepatectomy), i etahi wā rānei, te whakawhiti kōpū.

Mō ngā pūngāwerewere kaore e taea te tango mā te pokanga, he maha atu ngā rongoā ka taea te āwhina i te whakahaere i te mate, ā, ka pai ake te kounga o te ora:

• Ko te ablation therapy e whakangaro ana i ngā pūtau mate mā te wera, te makariri, te waipiro rānei
• Ko te embolization e aukati ana i te rere toto ki ngā pūngāwerewere
• Ko te rongoā radiation e whakaeke ana i ngā pūtau mate mā ngā hihi kaha
• Ko te rongoā rongoā e whakaeke ana i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ngā pūtau mate
• Ko te immunotherapy e āwhina ana i tō pūnaha mate ki te whawhai i te mate
• Ko te chemotherapy, ahakoa he iti te whakamahinga mō te mate kōpū

Ka whai hua pea etahi i te whakakotahitanga o ngā rongoā. Hei tauira, ka taea e koe te whai i te ablation therapy i muri i ngā rongoā motuhake, te pokanga rānei e whakakotahitia ana ki te chemotherapy.

Ko te tiaki palliative e arotahi ana ki te whakahaere i ngā tohu, ki te whakapai ake i te ngāwari ina kore e taea te rongoā whakaora. Ka taea e tēnei tiaki hauora motuhake te whakapai ake i tō kounga ora i te wā o te rongoā.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te mate kōpū i te kāinga?

Ko te tiaki i a koe i te kāinga he wāhi nui ki tō mahere rongoā katoa. Ko ngā huringa ngāwari i roto i tō mahi o ia rā ka āwhina i a koe ki te pai ake te moe, ki te tautoko hoki i ō rongoā hauora.

Ka nui ake te hiranga o te kai pai ina pangia koe e te mate kōpū. Arotahi ki te whiwhi i te pūmua nui hei āwhina i tō tinana ki te kaha, ā, ngana ki te kai i ngā kai iti ake, i ngā kai maha atu ki te tere te kī atu kua makona koe.

Kia makona mā te inu wai nui i te rā katoa. Kaua e inu waipiro, na te mea ka taea e te waipiro te whakarahi i te kino o tō kōpū ahakoa he iti te nui.

Ko te whakakori ngāwari pēnei i te hikoi ka āwhina i te pupuri i tō kaha me ō taumata kaha. Whakarongo ki tō tinana, ā, okioki ina hiahia koe, engari ngana ki te noho kaha i roto i tō taumata ngāwari.

Tūhonohia ō tohu me ngā huringa katoa e kitea ana e koe. Ka āwhina ēnei korero i tō rōpū hauora ki te whakarerekē i tō mahere rongoā i te wā e hiahiatia ana.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui tākuta?

Ko te whakarite mō ō haerenga ki te tākuta ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi pai i tō wā tahi, ā, ka whakarite ka whiwhi koe i ngā korero e hiahia ana koe. Ko te whakarite iti ka taea te whakapai ake i ēnei hui, ā, ka iti ake te ahotea.

Tuhia ō tohu katoa, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou, me te āhua o te huringa i te wā. Tāpirihia ngā kōrero mō ngā taumata mamae, ngā huringa hiahia kai, me ētahi atu āhuatanga e awangawanga ana koe.

Mau mai he rārangi katoa o ngā rongoā, ngā taapiri, me ngā huaora katoa e inu ana koe. Tāpirihia ngā horoinga me te wā e inu ana koe, na te mea ka pā pea etahi mea ki tō kōpū.

Whakaritea he rārangi o ngā pātai e hiahia ana koe ki te ui ki tō tākuta. Kaua e manukanuka ki te maha o ngā pātai – e hiahia ana tō rōpū hauora ki te āwhina i a koe ki te mōhio ki tō āhuatanga me ngā kōwhiringa rongoā.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i tētahi mema whānau, i tētahi hoa rānei ki ō hui. Ka taea e rātou te āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā korero nui, ā, ka homai te tautoko ngākau i ngā kōrero uaua.

He aha te mea nui mō te mate kōpū?

He āhuatanga nui te mate kōpū, engari ko te mōhiotanga ki a ia ka manaaki koe ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau e pā ana ki tō hauora. Ko te kite wawe me te rongoā ka whakapai ake i ngā hua, koia te take e nui ai te aro ki ngā tohu me ngā tūponotanga.

Kia mahara ko te whai i ngā tūponotanga kaore e tikanga ka pangia koe e te mate kōpū, ā, he maha ngā rongoā whai hua kei te wātea. Ko tō rōpū hauora tō puna pai mō ngā tohutohu me te tiaki motuhake.

Arotahi ki ngā mea ka taea e koe te whakahaere – te pupuri i te oranga hauora, te whai i tō mahere rongoā, me te noho hono atu ki ō kaiwhakarato hauora. He motuhake te haerenga o ia tangata ki te mate kōpū, ā, ko te tumanako tonu he wāhanga nui o te tukanga whakaora.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te mate kōpū

Ka taea te whakaora katoa i te mate kōpū?

Ae, ka taea te whakaora i te mate kōpū, ina koa ina kitea wawe, kāore hoki i horapa atu i te kōpū. Ko te pokanga te tino wāhi mō te whakaora katoa, ā, he tokomaha ngā tāngata e ora ana i te ora noa i muri i te rongoā angitu. Ahakoa i ngā take whānui, ka taea e ngā rongoā te whakawhānui i te ora, ā, ka pai ake te kounga o te ora.

E hohoro ana te horapa o te mate kōpū?

Ka horapa te mate kōpū i ngā tere rerekē e ngākau nui ana ki te momo me ngā āhuatanga takitahi. Ko ētahi mate kōpū ka tupu haere noa i roto i ngā marama, ngā tau rānei, engari ka taea e ētahi atu te tupu tere ake. Ka taea e tō tākuta te aromatawai i tō āhuatanga motuhake, ā, ka āwhina i a koe ki te mōhio ki ngā mea e tumanakohia ana e ngā hua whakamātautau me ngā āhuatanga o te mate.

He mamae te mate kōpū?

Kāore te mate kōpū i te tupu mamae, ina koa i ngā wā tīmatanga. Ki te puta mai te mamae, ka kitea pea hei mamae ngawari, te ngoikore rānei o te taha matau o runga o tō kopu. Ko te whakahaere mamae he wāhanga nui o te rongoā, ā, ka taea e tō rōpū hauora te āwhina i a koe ki te noho ngāwari i te wā o tō tiaki.

Ka taea te ora me tetahi wāhanga o tō kōpū kua tangohia?

Ae, ka taea te ora pai me tetahi wāhanga o tō kōpū kua tangohia, na te mea he kaha te kōpū ki te hanga anō. I muri i te pokanga, ka taea e ngā pūtau kōpū hauora e toe ana te tipu ki te rahi noa tata i roto i ngā marama torutoru. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e hoki ana ki ō rātou mahi noa, ā, e ora ana i te ora tino pai i muri i te tango i tētahi wāhanga o te kōpū.

He aha ngā kai me whakakore i te mate kōpū?

Whakakore katoa i te waipiro, na te mea ka taea e ia te whakarahi i te kino o tō kōpū. Whakaitihia ngā kai whakahaere, te tote nui, me ngā kai e nui ana te ngako makariri. Arotahi ki te kai i ngā pūmua ngawari, ngā hua, ngā huawhenua, me ngā witi katoa. Ka taea e tō rōpū hauora, i tētahi kaiwhakaako kai rānei te homai i ngā tohutohu kai motuhake e ngākau nui ana ki ō hiahia me tō mahere rongoā.