He aha te huaketo? Ngā tohu, ngā take, me te rongoā

Ko te huaketo he mate huaketo tino ngawari e horapa ana mā ngā pata manawa ina kōhutia, ina ngunguru rānei te tangata kua pangia. Ka taea e tēnei mate tamariki te pā ki te tangata kē atu i te hunga kua whakatōkia, kua pangia rānei i mua, ā, ka puta he pupuhi whero motuhake me ngā tohu rite ki te mate huaketo.

Ahakoa kua tata ngaro te huaketo i ngā whenua maha, nā ngā kaupapa whakatō, kei te puta tonu ngā mate pūngao i ngā hapori he iti te rōrahi o te hunga kua whakatōkia. Ko te rongo pai, ka taea te aukati i te huaketo mā te whakatō tika, ā, ka ora katoa te nuinga o te iwi mā te tiaki tautoko.

He aha ngā tohu o te huaketo?

Ka puta ngā tohu o te huaketo i te tekau ki te tekau mā whā rā i muri i te whakawhitinga ki te huaketo. Ka whanaketia te mate i ngā wāhanga e rua, ka ngāwari ai te kite i te wā e ahu whakamua ana.

Ka rite te tuatahi ki te mate huaketo kino, ki te rewharewha rānei. Ka kite pea koe i te kirika, i te ihu rere, i te kōhure maroke, me ngā kanohi whero, wai. Ka taea e ēnei tohu te roa i te rua ki te toru rā i mua i te puta mai o te pupuhi āhua.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu matua hei titiro atu mō te wā tuatahi:

• Kirika teitei (i runga ake i te 104°F, 40°C rānei)
• Kōhure maroke tonu
• Ihu rere me te wai mā
• Kanohi whero, wai, me te ngawari
• Ngāwari me te āhua kore ora
• Ngā pōka wai ma me ngā pokapū whero i roto i te waha (e kiia ana ko ngā pōka a Koplik)

Ka kawea mai e te tuarua te pupuhi huaketo. Ko tēnei pupuhi whero, pōka, ka tīmata i tō mata me tō raina makawe, ka horapa ki raro ki tō kaki, ki tō puku, ki ō ringa, ki ō waewae i roto i ngā rā maha.

Ka puta te pupuhi i te toru ki te rima rā i muri i te tīmatanga o ngā tohu tuatahi. I te horapa o te pupuhi, ka piki pea tō kirika, ā, ka āhua pouri pea koe mō ngā rā torutoru i mua i te tīmatanga o te pai ake.

He aha ngā take o te huaketo?

Ko te huaketo te take o te huaketo, he huaketo no te whānau paramyxovirus. He tino ngawari te horapa o tēnei huaketo, ā, ka horapa ngāwari atu i te tangata ki te tangata mā ngā pata iti i te rangi.

Ina kōhutia, ngunguru rānei te tangata kua pangia te huaketo, ka tukuna e ia ngā pata e mau ana i te huaketo ki te rangi. Ka taea e koe te hopu i te huaketo mā te manawa i ēnei pata, mā te pā atu rānei ki te mata kua whakapokea e te huaketo, ka pā atu ki tō waha, ki tō ihu, ki ō kanohi rānei.

He tino ngawari te huaketo, ki te mea he kotahi te tangata he huaketo tōna, ka taea e te iwa o te tekau o te hunga kei tōna taha te hopu, ki te kore rātou e ātete.

Ko te huaketo ka ora tonu i te rangi me ngā mata mō te rua haora i muri i te haerenga atu o te tangata kua pangia i taua wāhi.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō te huaketo?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō taote tonu mēnā ka whakaaro koe he huaketo, ina koa mēnā ka puta he kirika teitei ki a koe, ki tō tamaiti rānei, me te kōhure, te ihu rere, me ngā kanohi whero. Ka āwhina te tiaki hauora wawe ki te whakarite i te whakatau tika me te aukati i te horapa o te mate ki ētahi atu.

Karanga atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora tonu mēnā ka kite koe i ēnei tohu whakatūpato:

• Kirika teitei (i runga ake i te 104°F, 40°C rānei) e kore e whakautu ki ngā whakaiti kirika
• Te uaua ki te manawa, ki te kōhure tonu rānei
• Upoko mamae nui, kirika kaki rānei
• Te mamae i te taringa, te wai rānei i ngā taringa
• Ngā tohu o te ngau wai, pēnei i te matewai nui, te waha maroke, te iti rānei o te mimi

Rapua te tiaki āwhina tonu mēnā ka pāngia koe e te uaua nui ki te manawa, te mamae uma, te whakapohehe, te ngau rānei. Ka taea e ēnei tohu te tohu i ngā raruraru nui e hiahia ana ki te whakauru hauora tonu.

He mea nui hoki te karanga i mua i te haere ki te tari o tō taote, ki te rūma āwhina rānei. Ka taea e tēnei te whakarite i ngā tikanga motuhake mō te kaimahi hauora me te tiaki i ētahi atu turoro mai i te whakawhitinga ki te huaketo.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te huaketo?

Ko tō morearea o te hopu i te huaketo e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō tūnga whakatō me tō whakawhitinga ki te huaketo. Ko te hunga kua kore e whakatōkia, kua ngoikore rānei ō rātou pūnaha ātete, kei te nui rawa te morearea o te pangia.

Ko ēnei ngā take morearea nui rawa:

• Te kore whakatō ki te huaketo
• He pūnaha ātete ngoikore nā te mate, nā ngā rongoā rānei
• Te haere ki ngā wāhi kei te puta tonu ngā mate pūngao huaketo
• Te whānau i mua i te 1957 (i te wā i kore ai te whakatō hei tikanga)
• Te noho i ngā hapori he iti te rōrahi o te hunga kua whakatōkia
• Te kore o te huaora A

Ko ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 5 tau te pakeke me ngā pakeke neke atu i te 20 tau te nui ake te tūpono o te whanake i ngā raruraru nui mai i te huaketo. Ko ngā wāhine hāpai e kore e ātete kei te nui ake te morearea, tae atu ki te whānau wawe me ngā pēpi iti te taumaha.

Me aro nui ngā kaimahi hauora me ngā kaihaere whenua ke ki tō rātou tūnga whakatō, i te mea he nui ake te tūpono o te tūtaki ki te huaketo i ō rātou mahi, i ō rātou haerenga rānei.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te huaketo?

Ahakoa ka ora te nuinga o te iwi i te huaketo kahore he raruraru roa, ka puta pea ngā raruraru, ina koa ki ngā tamariki iti rawa, ki ngā pakeke, ki ngā tangata kua ngoikore ngā pūnaha ātete. Ka āwhina te mārama ki ēnei tūponotanga ki te mohio ki te wā hei rapu atu i te tiaki hauora.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru noa e puta ana:

• Ngā mate taringa e taea ai te ngaro o te rongonga
• Te mate huango (mate ngā pūkahukahu)
• Te ruaki nui me te ngau wai
• Ngā mate huaketo tuarua
• Ngā raruraru tirohanga wā poto

Ka taea e ngā raruraru nui ake, engari he iti te maha, te pā ki te roro me te pūnaha io. Ko te encephalitis, arā, te mumura o te roro, ka puta i te kotahi o te mano o ngā keehi huaketo, ā, ka taea te tō te ngau, te kino o te roro, te mate rānei.

He tino onge, engari he kino te raruraru e kiia nei ko te subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) ka puta i ngā tau i muri i te mate huaketo. Ko tēnei mate roro e ahu whakamua ana ka pā ki te kotahi o te tekau mano o te hunga kua pangia e te huaketo, ina koa te hunga i pangia i mua i te rua tau te pakeke.

Ko ngā wāhine hāpai e hopu ana i te huaketo kei te nui ake te morearea o te mahi wawe, o ngā pēpi iti te taumaha, ā, i ngā keehi kino, te mate o te whaea. Ko te rongo pai, ka taea e te whakatō tika i mua i te hāpai te aukati i ēnei raruraru katoa.

Me pēhea te aukati i te huaketo?

Ka taea te aukati katoa i te huaketo mā te whakatō i te rongoā MMR (huaketo, mumps, rubella). Ko tēnei rongoā haumaru me te tino whai hua ka homai te tiaki roa ki te huaketo, ā, kua whakaiti nui i ngā keehi puta noa te ao.

Ko te kaupapa whakatō noa e whakauru ana i ngā rongoā MMR e rua. Ko ngā tamariki e whiwhi ana i tō rātou rongoā tuatahi i waenga i te 12-15 marama te pakeke, ā, tō rātou rongoā tuarua i waenga i te 4-6 tau te pakeke. Ko tēnei kaupapa rongoā e rua ka homai te 97% o te tiaki ki te huaketo.

Ko ngā pakeke e kore e tino mohio ki tō rātou tūnga whakatō me whakaaro ki te whakatō, ina koa mēnā kei te whakaaro rātou ki te haere ki tawahi, ki te mahi rānei i ngā wāhi hauora. Ko te nuinga o ngā pakeke i whānau i mua i te 1957 ka whakaarohia he ātete, i te mea pea kua pangia rātou e te huaketo i a rātou tamariki.

Mēnā ka whakawhitinga koe ki te huaketo, ā, kāhore koe e ātete, ka taea e tō taote te tūtohutia te whakatō muri i te whakawhitinga, te whakauru rānei i te immune globulin i roto i ngā haora 72 i muri i te whakawhitinga. Ka taea e ēnei whakauru te aukati i te mate, te whakaiti rānei i tōna kino.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te huaketo?

Ka taea e ngā taote te whakatau i te huaketo i runga i ngā tohu āhua me te tauira pupuhi, engari ka āwhina ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ki te whakau i te whakatau me te aroturuki i ngā mate pūngao. Ka tirotirohia koe e tō kaiwhakarato hauora, ka ui ki ō tohu, ki tō hītori whakatō, ki ō haerenga hou.

Ko te pupuhi huaketo āhua e tīmata ana i te mata ka horapa ki raro, me te kirika me ngā tohu manawa, ka hanga he tauira e mohiotia ana. Ka titiro hoki tō taote ki ngā pōka a Koplik, arā, ngā pōka wai ma iti i roto i tō waha e puta ana i mua i te pupuhi.

Ka taea e ngā whakamātautau toto te whakau i te huaketo mā te kite i ngā antibodi motuhake, i te huaketo anō rānei. Ka tango pea hoki tō taote i ngā tātaritanga ihu, i ngā tauira mimi rānei hei kite tika i te huaketo. He mea nui ēnei whakamātautau mō te aroturuki hauora tūmatanui me te whakahaere mate pūngao.

I te mea he mate e pūrongotia ana te huaketo, ka whakamōhio tō taote ki ngā mana hauora o te rohe mēnā ka whakatauhia koe. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te tiaki i tō hapori mā te kite me te whakatō i te hunga pea kua whakawhitinga ki te huaketo.

He aha te rongoā mō te huaketo?

Kāhore he rongoā antiviral motuhake mō te huaketo, no reira ka aro te tiaki ki te āwhina i tō tinana ki te whawhai ki te mate i te wā e whakahaere ana i ngā tohu me te aukati i ngā raruraru. Ka ora katoa te nuinga o te iwi mā te tiaki tautoko i te kāinga.

Ka whakauru pea tō mahere rongoā ki te okioki me ngā wai nui hei āwhina i tō tinana ki te ora. Ka taea e te acetaminophen, te ibuprofen rānei te whakaiti i te kirika me te whakaora i te mamae, engari kaua rawa e hoatu te aspirin ki ngā tamariki he mate huaketo nā te morearea o te mate a Reye.

Ka tūtohu pea ngā tāpiringa huaora A, ina koa mō ngā tamariki, i te mea ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i te kino o te huaketo me te whakaiti i te morearea o ngā raruraru. Ka whakatau tō taote i te rongoā tika i runga i tō tau me tō hauora whānui.

Mēnā ka puta ngā raruraru, ka taea e tō taote te tuhi i ngā rongoā antiwaitohu mō ngā mate huaketo tuarua, te tūtohutia rānei te noho whare hāpai mō ngā keehi kino. Ka taea e te hunga he pūnaha ātete ngoikore te whiwhi i ngā rongoā antiviral, i ngā maimoatanga immune globulin rānei.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te huaketo i te kāinga?

Ko te tiaki kāinga e aro ana ki te pupuri i a koe i te ngāwari i te wā e whawhai ana tō pūnaha ātete ki te huaketo. He mea nui te okioki, na kia whakamahere ki te noho i te kāinga mai i te mahi, i te kura rānei kia mutu ra ano koe i te mate, arā, i te whā rā i muri i te puta mai o te pupuhi.

Kia pai te inu wai mā te inu i te wai nui, i ngā wai mā, i ngā wai electrolyte rānei. Ka piki te hiahia wai nā te kirika, na inu atu i te mea noa ahakoa kāhore koe e matewai.

Ko ēnei ngā tikanga whakaora whai hua ka taea e koe te whakamātau i te kāinga:

• Whakamahia he humidifier wai-māori hei whakaora i te kōhure me te korokoro mamae
• Whakaitihia ngā rama mēnā he ngawari ō kanohi
• Tangohia ngā kaukau mahana hei whakaora i te kiri ngau
• Kai i ngā kai ngawari, kai ora mēnā he iti tō hiahia kai
• Aroturukihia tō pāmahana tonu

He mea nui te motuhake hei aukati i te horapa o te huaketo ki ētahi atu. Kia mamao atu i te hunga kāhore e ātete, ina koa ngā wāhine hāpai, ngā pēpi, me ngā tangata he pūnaha ātete ngoikore, kia kī mai ra ano tō taote he haumaru.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakatau taote?

I mua i tō whakatau, tuhia ō tohu, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou me te āhua o te ahu whakamua. Ka āwhina ēnei korero i tō taote ki te mārama ki tō raupapa mate me te hanga i te whakatau tika.

Kohikohia ō rēkōta whakatō, ki te whakamahere rānei ki te mahara ki te wā i whiwhi whakamutunga ai koe i te rongoā MMR. Ki te kore e kitea e koe ngā rēkōta, kaua e manukanuka – ka taea tonu e tō taote te āwhina ki te whakatau i tō tūnga ātete me te homai i te tiaki tika.

Hangaia he rārangi o ngā rongoā katoa e inu ana koe, tae atu ki ngā rongoā-ā-te-kaute me ngā tāpiringa. Tēnā hoki te tuhi i ngā haerenga hou, ina koa ki ngā wāhi he mate pūngao huaketo e mohiotia ana, i te mea he mea nui ēnei korero mō te whakatau.

Karanga atu ki mua kia whakamōhiotia te tari e whakaaro ana koe he huaketo. Ka taea e tēnei te whakarite i tō whakatau tika me te tango i ngā whakaritenga hei tiaki i ētahi atu turoro mai i te whakawhitinga ki te huaketo.

He aha te mea nui mō te huaketo?

Ko te huaketo he mate nui, engari he mate ka taea te aukati katoa mā te whakatō. Ahakoa ka ora katoa te nuinga o te iwi, ka taea e ngā raruraru te kino, ina koa ki ngā tamariki iti, ki ngā pakeke, ki ngā tangata kua ngoikore ngā pūnaha ātete.

Ko te rongoā MMR he haumaru, he whai hua, ā, ka homai te tiaki roa ki te huaketo. Mēnā kāhore koe e tino mohio ki tō tūnga whakatō, kōrero atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora mō te whakatō, ina koa mēnā kei te whakaaro koe ki te haere, ki te mahi rānei i ngā taiao morearea nui.

Mēnā ka whakaaro koe he huaketo, rapua te tiaki hauora tonu, kia motuhake hoki koe hei aukati i te horapa o te huaketo ki ētahi atu. Mā te tiaki tautoko tika, ka ora katoa te nuinga o te iwi i roto i te 1-2 wiki kahore he raruraru roa.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te huaketo

Ka taea te whiwhi huaketo rua?

Ko te whiwhi huaketo kotahi te tikanga ka homai te ātete ora, na he tino onge ngā mate tuarua. Heoi, ko te hunga he pūnaha ātete tino ngoikore pea kei te morearea o te mate hou. Mēnā kua pangia koe e te huaketo i mua, ka puta mai ngā tohu rite, tirohia tō taote hei whakakore i ētahi atu āhuatanga.

E hia te roa o te huaketo?

Ko te huaketo e roa ana i te whitu ki te tekau rā mai i te tīmatanga o ngā tohu. Ka puta te pupuhi i te toru ki te rima rā i muri i ngā tohu tuatahi, ka ngaro i muri i te toru ki te whā rā. Ka whakaarohia koe he mate mai i te whā rā i mua i te puta mai o te pupuhi kia mutu ra ano te whā rā i muri i te tīmatanga.

He haumaru te rongoā huaketo i te wā hāpai?

Ko te rongoā MMR kei roto he huaketo ora, ā, kaua e hoatu i te wā hāpai. Heoi, ko ngā wāhine kāhore e ātete me whakatō i mua i te hāpai. Mēnā kei te hāpai koe, kāhore hoki e ātete, kia mamao atu i te whakawhitinga ki te huaketo, kōrero atu ki tō taote mō ngā whakaritenga.

Ka taea e ngā pakeke te whiwhi huaketo mēnā kua whakatōkia rātou i a rātou tamariki?

Ko ngā pakeke kua whiwhi i ngā rongoā MMR e rua kei te 97% te tiaki ki te huaketo. Heoi, ka taea te ngaro o te ātete i te wā, ā, pea kāhore etahi i whiwhi i ngā rongoā e rua e tūtohutia ana. Mēnā kāhore koe e tino mohio ki tō tiaki, ka taea e tō taote te whakamātautau i tō ātete.

Me pēhea mēnā ka whakawhitinga taku pēpi ki te huaketo?

Whakapiri atu ki tō tākuta tamariki tonu mēnā ka whakawhitinga tō pēpi kei raro iho i te 12 marama ki te huaketo. He iti rawa ngā pēpi mō te rongoā MMR, ā, kei te nui ake te morearea o ngā raruraru. Ka tūtohu pea tō taote i ngā whakauru immune globulin hei homai i te tiaki wā poto.