He aha te MRSA? Ngā Tohutohu, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te MRSA te tikanga o te Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, he momo huakita kua kaha ki te whakaeke i te maha o ngā rongoā mate huakita noa. Whakaarohia he putanga kaha ake o te huakita staph noa e kore e whakautu ki ngā rongoā e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta hei whakaora i ngā mate.

Ahakoa he wehi te ahua o te MRSA, he tino whakahaerehia ina kitea wawe ka tukuna tika te maimoatanga. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e mau ana i te huakita MRSA ki o rātou kiri, ki o rātou ihu, kaore rawa e mate. Ko te mea nui ko te matauranga ina riro hei raruraru, me te mohiotanga ki ngā mea hei titiro atu.

He aha te MRSA?

Ko te MRSA he momo huakita staph kua kaha ki te methicillin me ētahi atu rongoā beta-lactam penei i te penicillin. Ka uaua ake te whakaora i ngā mate MRSA i ngā mate staph noa, engari ehara i te mea kaore e taea.

E noho ana te huakita ki tō kiri, ki tō ihu, penei i te staph noa. Ko te nuinga o te wā, kaore te MRSA e puta he raruraru. Heoi, ina tomo ki roto i tō tinana mā ngā kotinga, ngā whara, ngā taputapu hauora rānei, ka taea te whakaeke i ngā mate mai i ngā raruraru kiri iti ki ngā mate toto nui.

E rua ngā momo matua o te MRSA. Ko te MRSA i whiwhihia i te hohipera (HA-MRSA) e pā ana ki ngā tāngata kei roto i ngā wāhi hauora, ko te MRSA i whiwhihia i te hapori (CA-MRSA) e horapa ana i waenga i ngā tāngata ora i ngā wāhi noa penei i ngā kura, ngā whare takaro, ngā pokapū tiaki tamariki rānei.

He aha ngā tohu o te MRSA?

Ko ngā tohu o te MRSA e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wāhi e puta ai te mate i roto i tō tinana. Ko ngā mate kiri te tino noa, engari ka taea hoki e te MRSA te pā ki ngā kiko hohonu me ngā whekau.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu tino noa ka kitea pea e koe me ngā mate kiri MRSA:

• Ngā pupuhi whero, pupuhi, me te mamae rānei i tō kiri
• Ngā wāhi mahana e wera ana ki te pa
• Te pū, te rere mai rānei i ngā whara, i ngā pupuhi rānei
• Te kirika e haere tahi ana me te mate kiri
• Ngā raina whero mai i te wāhi mate
• Ngā wāhi rite ki ngā ngau ngārara, engari kaore e ora

Ko ēnei tohu kiri e tīmata ana i te iti, engari ka taea te horapa tere ki te kore e whakaora.

Ka taea e ngā mate MRSA nui ake te pā ki tō toto, ngā pūkahukahu, ngā wāhi pokanga rānei. Ko ngā tohu whakatūpato o te mate nui ko te kirika teitei, te wiri, te uaua ki te manawa, te mamae uma, te ahua kino rawa rānei. Me kimi wawe te awhina hauora mō ēnei tohu.

I etahi wā, ka taea e te MRSA te whakaeke i ngā āhuatanga kino penei i te sepsis, te mate pūkahukahu, te mate ngā pouaka ngākau rānei (endocarditis). Ko ēnei raruraru nui e puta ana ki ngā tāngata he ngoikore o rātou pūnaha mate, ki ngā tāngata kei roto i ngā hohipera rānei.

He aha ngā take o te MRSA?

Ka puta te MRSA ina hurihuri te huakita Staphylococcus aureus noa ka kaha ki te methicillin me ngā rongoā e rite ana. I puta tenei kaha i roto i ngā tekau tau o te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā mate huakita, ā, ka taea ai e ngā momo huakita kaha ake te ora me te tupu.

Ka taea e koe te whiwhi MRSA mā te hononga tika ki ngā tāngata kua pangia, ki ngā mata kua whakapokeke rānei. Ka tomo te huakita ki roto i tō tinana mā ngā pakaru o tō kiri, penei i ngā kotinga, ngā kōkotinga, ngā whara pokanga, ngā tuwhera iti kaore pea koe e kite.

He maha ngā take e whakapiki ana i tō tūmanako ki te tūtaki ki te MRSA:

• Te hononga tata ki tetahi kua pangia e te MRSA
• Te noho i ngā hohipera, i ngā wāhi tiaki roa rānei
• Te whakamahi tahi i ngā taonga whaiaro penei i ngā tauera, ngā heihei, ngā taputapu takaro rānei
• Te mau i ngā taputapu hauora penei i ngā catheters, ngā tūpū manawa rānei
• Te whakauru ki ngā takaro hononga, ki ngā mahi i ngā wāhi nui rānei
• Te noho i ngā wāhi nui penei i ngā whare hoia, i ngā rūma moe rānei

Ka horapa ngā huakita i ngā taiao e hono tata ana ngā tāngata, e whakamahi tahi ana rānei i ngā taputapu. Ka whakamāramahia tēnei i te wā e puta mai ana ngā mate MRSA i ngā kura, i ngā kapa takaro, i ngā whare herehere rānei.

Ka taea hoki e te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā mate huakita hou te whakapiki i tō tūponotanga. Ina inu koe i ngā rongoā mate huakita, ka whakamate rātou i ngā huakita noa e pupuri ana i te MRSA, ā, ka taea te tupu o ngā momo kaha.

Nōhea te haere ki te tākuta mō te MRSA?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki te puta mai tētahi mate kiri kaore e pai ake i roto i ngā rā torutoru, kei te kino haere rānei. Ka ārai te maimoatanga wawe i ngā mate iti kei te riro hei raruraru nui.

Rapua te tiaki hauora tonu ki te kite koe i ngā raina whero mai i te whara, ka puta mai te kirika me te mate kiri, he pupuhi pū-kī rānei e horapa ana. Ko ēnei tohu e whakaatu ana pea kei te neke te mate ki roto i ō kiko.

Karangahia ngā ratonga āwhina tere, haere rānei ki te rūma āwhina tere ki te pāngia koe e ngā tohu nui penei i te kirika teitei, te uaua ki te manawa, te mamae uma, te ahua kino rawa rānei. Ka taea e ēnei te tohu kua horapa te MRSA ki tō toto, ki ō whekau rānei.

Kaua e tatari ki te nui ake tō tūponotanga ki ngā raruraru. Me kimi wawe te awhina hauora mō ngā tāngata he ngoikore o rātou pūnaha mate, he mate roa penei i te mate huka, he pokanga hou rānei mō ngā huringa kiri āwangawanga.

He aha ngā take tūponotanga mō te MRSA?

He maha ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga e whakapiki ana i tō tūponotanga ki te whāngai i ngā mate MRSA. Ka āwhina te matauranga ki ēnei take tūponotanga kia tango koe i ngā whakarite tika.

Ko ngā take tūponotanga e pā ana ki te hauora ko:

• Te noho i te hohipera, i te pokanga hou rānei
• Te mau i ngā taputapu hauora penei i ngā catheters, ngā tūpū kai, ngā taputapu dialysis rānei
• Te noho i ngā wāhi tiaki roa
• Te whiwhi i ngā maimoatanga rongoā mate huakita maha
• Te mau i ngā whara roa, i ngā pupuhi pehanga rānei
• Te mahi i ngā mahi hauora pakaru

Ko ngā take tūponotanga hapori e whakauru ana i ngā āhuatanga hononga tata:

• Te whakauru ki ngā takaro hononga penei i te whakataetae, te whutupaoro rānei
• Te noho i ngā wāhi nui
• Te whakamahi tahi i ngā taonga whaiaro penei i ngā tauera, ngā heihei rānei
• Te mau i ngā kotinga, i ngā kōkotinga rānei i tō kiri
• Ngā mahi horoi kino
• Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakakori kua whakapokeke

Ka whakapiki ake hoki ētahi āhuatanga hauora i tō ngoikore. Ko ngā tāngata he ngoikore o rātou pūnaha mate, he mate kiri roa penei i te eczema, he mate roa penei i te mate huka e āwangawanga ana ki te whāngai i ngā mate MRSA.

He mea nui te tau. Ko ngā tamariki iti rawa me ngā kaumātua e tino pāngia ana e ngā mate MRSA nui nā te whanaketanga, te heke rānei o rātou pūnaha mate.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te MRSA?

Ko te nuinga o ngā mate MRSA e noho ana ki te kiri ka whakautu pai ki te maimoatanga tika. Heoi, ka taea e te huakita te horapa ki ētahi atu wāhi o tō tinana, ka puta mai ngā raruraru nui ake.

Ko ngā raruraru noa e taea te whāngai ko:

• Te cellulitis (te mate kiko kiri hohonu)
• Te hanganga o te abscess e hiahia ana ki te whakaheke
• Ngā mate wheua me ngā hononga (osteomyelitis)
• Te pokanoa toto (sepsis)
• Te mate pūkahukahu e pā ana ki ō pūkahukahu
• Ngā mate pouaka ngākau (endocarditis)

Ko te sepsis te raruraru tino nui, kei hea te MRSA e tomo ana ki roto i tō toto ka whakaoho i te whakautu mate kino. Ka taea tēnei te arahi ki te korenga o ngā whekau me te hiahia tonu ki te tiaki āwangawanga.

I etahi wā, ka taea e te MRSA te whakaeke i te necrotizing fasciitis, he mate e horapa tere ana e whakangaro ana i te kiri, te ngako, me te kiko uaua. Me mahi te pokanga āwangawanga hei tango i te kiko kua pangia.

Ko te rongo pai ko ngā raruraru nui kaore i te noa ina whiwhi ngā mate MRSA i te tiaki hauora tika, tika. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka ora katoa me te maimoatanga rongoā mate huakita tika.

Me pēhea te ārai i te MRSA?

Ka taea e koe te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga ki te MRSA mā ngā mahi horoi ngāwari me ngā whakarite ngāwari. Ko te horoi pai o ngā ringa te whakangungu kaha rawa mōu ki te ārai i te mate.

Ko ngā rautaki ārai nui ko:

• Te horoi i ō ringa i te maha me te hopi me te wai mō te 20 hēkona te iti
• Te whakamahi i te horoi ringa i hangaia mai i te waipiro ki te kore e wātea te hopi
• Te pupuri i ngā kotinga me ngā kōkotinga kia ma, kia hipoki rānei ki ngā papata
• Te karo i te whakamahi tahi i ngā taonga whaiaro penei i ngā tauera, ngā heihei, ngā kakahu rānei
• Te horoi i ngā taputapu whare takaro i mua i muri mai rānei i te whakamahinga
• Te kaukau tonu i muri i ngā takaro, i te whakakori rānei

I ngā wāhi hauora, ka tino nui te whai i ngā whakarite motuhake. Ki te toro atu koe ki tetahi kua pangia e te MRSA, kakahuhia ngā karapu me ngā kākahu penei i te tohutohu a ngā kaimahi hauora, horoia tonu ō ringa i mua i te wehe atu i te rūma.

Me tango ngā whakarite atu ngā kaitākaro mā te pupuri i o rātou kiri kia hipoki i ngā takaro hononga, kaua e whakamahi tahi i ngā taputapu, me te whakaatu i ngā mate kiri ki ngā kaiwhakaako, ki ngā kaiwhakaako rānei.

Ko te pupuri i te pūnaha mate kaha mā te kai pai, te moe pai, me te whakakori auau e āwhina ana i tō tinana ki te whawhai i ngā mate.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te MRSA?

Ka whakatau tō tākuta i te MRSA mā te whakamātautau taiwhanga o ngā tauira mai i te wāhi kua pangia. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tukanga ko te tango i te ahurea mai i tō whara, i ngā ara ihu, i ētahi atu wāhi kua pāngia rānei.

Ko te tikanga whakatau tino noa ko te ahurea whara, kei hea tō kaiwhakarato hauora e kohikohi ana i te pū, i te wai rānei mai i te wāhi mate mā te swab mā. Ka haere tēnei tauira ki te taiwhanga hei whakamātautau hei tautuhi i te huakita motuhake me te whakatau i ngā rongoā mate huakita e pai ana.

Ko te tikanga ka roa te 24 ki te 48 haora te hokinga mai o ngā hua taiwhanga. I tenei wā, ka tīmata pea tō tākuta ki te hoatu rongoā mate huakita ki a koe i runga i te ahua o tō mate me ō take tūponotanga.

I etahi wā, ka tono pea tō tākuta i ngā whakamātautau atu penei i ngā ahurea toto ki te whakaaro kua horapa te mate atu i tō kiri. Ka āwhina ēnei whakamātautau ki te whakatau mena kua tomo te MRSA ki roto i tō toto.

Kei te nui haere ngā tikanga whakamātautau tere i etahi wāhi hauora. Ka taea e ēnei whakamātautau hou te hoatu hua i roto i ngā haora torutoru, ā, ka taea ai te whakatau tere i te maimoatanga.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te MRSA?

Ko te maimoatanga MRSA e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kino me te wāhi o tō mate. Ka taea te whakaora i te nuinga o ngā mate kiri mā ngā rongoā mate huakita motuhake e mahi ana ki ngā huakita kaha.

Mō ngā mate kiri iti, ka tono pea tō tākuta i ngā rongoā mate huakita waha penei i:

• Clindamycin
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
• Doxycycline, minocycline rānei
• Linezolid mō ngā take nui ake

Ko ngā mate nui ake e hiahia ana ki ngā rongoā mate huakita intravenous i te hohipera. Ko te Vancomycin te paerewa koura mō ngā mate MRSA nui, ahakoa he whiringa hou penei i te daptomycin, linezolid, me te ceftaroline he whai hua.

Ko ngā abscess nui, ngā kohinga pū rānei e hiahia ana ki te whakaheke pokanga hei tāpiri ki ngā rongoā mate huakita. Ka hanga e tō tākuta he tapa iti hei tango i ngā mea kua pangia, ā, ka āwhina i ngā rongoā mate huakita ki te mahi pai ake.

Ko te roa o te maimoatanga e noho ana i te 7 ki te 10 rā mō ngā mate kiri, engari ka taea te roa ki ngā wiki maha mō ngā mate hohonu. He mea nui kia oti te kaupapa rongoā mate huakita katoa, ahakoa kei te pai ake koe i mua i te mutu o te rongoā.

I etahi wā o ngā raruraru nui penei i te endocarditis, te osteomyelitis rānei, ka hiahia pea te maimoatanga ki ngā wiki o ngā rongoā mate huakita intravenous, i etahi wā ka whai mai ngā rongoā mate huakita waha.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te MRSA i te kāinga?

He mea nui te tiaki kāinga i tō ora mai i ngā mate MRSA. Ko te whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta e āwhina ana kia maarama te mate, kaua hoki e horapa ki ētahi atu.

Ko ngā mahi whakahaere kāinga nui ko:

• Te tango i ngā rongoā mate huakita katoa kua tohua tika i te ara i tohua
• Te pupuri i ngā wāhi kua pangia kia ma, kia hipoki rānei ki ngā papata hou
• Te horoi i ō ringa i mua i muri mai rānei i te pa ki te wāhi kua pangia
• Te whakamahi i ngā kākahu mahana hei whakaiti i te mamae me te whakapiki i te ora
• Te karo i te toia, te pehi rānei i ngā pupuhi kua pangia
• Te wehewehe i ō kakahu me te horoi i ngā taonga i roto i te wai wera

Ka taea te whakahaere i te mamae mā ngā rongoā kore-tohu penei i te ibuprofen, te acetaminophen rānei. Ka āwhina hoki ēnei ki te whakaiti i te mumura me te whakamarie i a koe i te wā e ora ana.

Aroturukihia tō mate i ia rā mō ngā tohu o te pai ake, o te kino rānei. Me iti haere te whero, te pupuhi, te mamae rānei o te wāhi i te wā e haere ana te maimoatanga.

Hei ārai i te horapa o te MRSA ki ngā mema whānau, karohia te whakamahi tahi i ngā taonga whaiaro, horoia ngā mata e pa ana koe i ia rā, pupuritia hoki ngā mahi horoi pai i te wā katoa o tō maimoatanga.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui tākuta?

Ko te whakarite mō tō hui e āwhina ana kia whiwhi koe i te tiaki tino pai mō tō mate MRSA. Ko te whai i ngā korero tika e penapena ana i te wā, ka arahi hoki ki ngā whakatau maimoatanga pai ake.

I mua i tō toro atu, tuhia ngā kōrero mō ō tohu tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai, te āhua o te huringa, me ngā mea e pai ake ai, e kino ake rānei. Tangohia ngā whakaahua o te wāhi kua pangia ki te taea, ina koa ki te huri te ahua i waenga i te whakarite me tō hui.

Kohikohia ngā korero hauora nui penei i:

• Ngā noho hohipera, ngā mahi hauora hou rānei
• Ngā rongoā me ngā taapiri o nāianei
• Ngā mate pāwera, ina koa ki ngā rongoā mate huakita
• Te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā mate huakita i ngā marama torutoru kua pahure
• Te hononga ki tetahi kua pangia e te MRSA, i ētahi atu mate rānei
• Ngā mahi ka taea te whakaatu koe ki ngā huakita

Whakaritea ngā pātai e hiahia ana koe ki te ui ki tō tākuta, penei i te roa o te maimoatanga, te wā ka taea e koe te hoki ki ngā mahi noa, me ngā tohu whakatūpato hei titiro atu.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i te mema whānau, i te hoa rānei hei awhina i te maumahara i ngā korero nui, ina koa ki te ahua kino koe, ki te manukanuka rānei ki te whakatau.

He aha te mea nui mō te MRSA?

Ko te MRSA he mate huakita e taea te whakaora e whakautu pai ana ki te tiaki hauora tika ina kitea wawe. Ahakoa te kaha ki ngā rongoā mate huakita noa e uaua ake ai te whakaora i ngā mate staph noa, he whiringa maimoatanga whai hua kei te wātea.

Ko te mea nui hei maumahara ko te MRSA ehara i te mate mate. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka ora katoa me te maimoatanga rongoā mate huakita tika me te tiaki whara pai. Ko te kite wawe me te tiaki hauora tere ngā taputapu pai rawa atu mō te ora katoa.

Ko te ārai tonu tō whakangungu kaha ki te ārai i te MRSA. Ko ngā mahi horoi ngāwari penei i te horoi ringa auau, te pupuri i ngā whara kia ma, kia hipoki rānei, me te karo i te whakamahi tahi i ngā taonga whaiaro ka taea te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga ki te mate.

Ki te puta mai tētahi mate kiri āwangawanga, kaua e whakaroa ki te kimi tiaki hauora. Ka taea e tō kaiwhakarato hauora te whakatau tere mena kei a koe te MRSA, ka tīmata hoki i te maimoatanga tika hei ārai i ngā raruraru.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te MRSA

Ka taea te whakaora katoa te MRSA?

Ae, ka taea te whakaora katoa ngā mate MRSA me te maimoatanga rongoā mate huakita tika. Ahakoa he kaha te huakita ki ētahi rongoā mate huakita, he maha ngā rongoā whai hua ka taea te whakakore i te mate. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka ora katoa ina tīmata wawe te maimoatanga ka oti te tohu.

He mate pea te MRSA, me pehea te roa o te noho mate?

He mate pea te MRSA, ka horapa mā te hononga tika ki ngā whara kua pangia, ki ngā mata kua whakapokeke rānei. Ko te tikanga ka mutu te mate i roto i ngā haora 24 ki te 48 i muri i te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga rongoā mate huakita whai hua. Heoi, ka taea e ētahi tāngata te mau i te huakita MRSA ki o rātou kiri, ki o rātou ihu rānei kaore he mate mahi.

Ka taea e koe te whiwhi MRSA neke atu i te kotahi wā?

Ae, ka taea e koe te whiwhi mate MRSA neke atu i te kotahi wā. Ko te mau i te MRSA kotahi kaore e hoatu te ārai ki ngā mate a muri ake nei. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e tino pāngia ana e ngā mate e puta hou ana, ina koa ki te mau rātou i te huakita ki o rātou kiri, he take tūponotanga rānei penei i ngā pūnaha mate ngoikore, he mate kiri roa rānei.

Me pehea te roa o te maimoatanga MRSA?

Ka rerekē te roa o te maimoatanga i runga i te kino me te wāhi o te mate. Ko ngā mate kiri ngāwari e hiahia ana ki te 7 ki te 10 rā o ngā rongoā mate huakita, ko ngā mate nui ake pea e hiahia ana ki ngā wiki maha o te maimoatanga. Ka taea e ngā raruraru nui penei i ngā mate wheua te hiahia ki ngā marama o te rongoā mate huakita.

Ka taea e te MRSA te pā ki ngā tāngata ora, ki ngā tāngata he ngoikore o rātou pūnaha mate anake rānei?

Ka taea e te MRSA te pā ki ngā tāngata ora me ngā tāngata he ngoikore o rātou pūnaha mate. Ko te MRSA i whiwhihia i te hapori e pā ana ki ngā tāngata ora, ina koa ngā kaitākaro me ngā tāngata kei roto i ngā āhuatanga hononga tata. Heoi, ko ngā tāngata he ngoikore o rātou pūnaha mate, he mate roa, he mahi hauora hou rānei e āwangawanga ana ki ngā raruraru nui.