He aha te Mate Pūtau Wheua? Tōna Tohutoro, ōna Take, me tōna Rongoā

Ko te mate pūtau wheua (MDS) tētahi rōpū o ngā mate toto kei reira te wheua o ou wheua e kore e hanga i ngā pūtau toto hauora tika. Whakaarohia tō wheua wheua hei whare whakahaere e tika ana kia whakaputa i ngā pūtau toto whero noa, ngā pūtau toto ma noa, me ngā pūtau toto whero, engari i roto i te MDS, ka tīmata tēnei whare whakahaere ki te hanga i ngā pūtau e kore e rite te ahua, ā, e kore e mahi pai.

Ko tēnei āhuatanga te nuinga o te pānga ki ngā tāngata pakeke, me te nuinga o ngā tāngata e whakatauhia ana i muri i te 65 tau. Ahakoa ka raru pea te MDS i te wā tuatahi e rongo ai koe, ko te mārama ki te aha te mea kei te puta i roto i tō tinana ka taea te awhina i a koe ki te mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora hei whakahaere pai.

He aha te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Ka puta te mate pūtau wheua ina pakaru ngā pūtau whānau i roto i tō wheua wheua, ā, e kore e taea te whanake hei pūtau toto hauora, pakeke. Ki te kore e whakaputa i ngā pūtau noa, ka hanga e tō wheua wheua ngā pūtau toto e kore e rite te ahua, e kore e mahi tika, ā, te nuinga o te mate i mua i te taea te mahi i tō mahi i roto i tō tinana.

Ka arahina tēnei ki ngā tau o te toto iti, e kiia ana e ngā tākuta he cytopenias. Pea kaore koe e whai pūtau toto whero (anemia), pūtau toto ma (neutropenia), pūtau toto whero (thrombocytopenia). Ka taea e ia o ēnei ngoikoretanga te tuku i ngā tohutoro me ngā raruraru hauora rerekē.

I etahi wā ka kiia te MDS he āhuatanga "preleukemic" na te mea ka taea te whanake hei leukemia koi i etahi tāngata. Heoi, he tokomaha ngā tāngata e whai MDS ana e kore e whanake i te leukemia, ā, ka taea te noho mō ngā tau me te whakahaere me te rongoā tika.

He aha ngā Tohutoro o te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Ka whanake haere ngā tohutoro o te MDS, ā, e hono ana ki te iti o ngā tau o te toto. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e kore e kite i ngā tohutoro i te wā tuatahi, ā, i etahi wā ka kitea tēnei āhuatanga i ngā whakamātau toto noa mō ētahi take.

Ko ēnei ngā tohutoro tino noa ka pā atu ki a koe:

• Te ngenge me te ngoikore e kore e pai ake me te okioki
• Te poto o te manawa i ngā mahi noa, i te takoto rānei
• Te kiri ma, tino kitea i tō mata, i ngā karu o roto, i ngā moenga toenga rānei
• Te mārōngaro ngāwari mai i ngā pupuhi iti, i ngā whara rānei
• Te toto rere kore noa, pēnei i te toto ihu, te toto ngutu, i ngā wā o te marama nui rānei
• Ngā mate maha e roa atu te ora i te noa
• Te wiri, te mārama rānei i te tū
• Te pupuhi o te ngakau, te tere o te ngakau rānei

He etahi atu tāngata e pā ana ki ngā tohutoro iti ake, pēnei i te mamae o te wheua, te ngaro o te hiahia kai, te ngaro o te taumaha kore whakaaro rānei. Ki te kite koe i te maha o ēnei tohutoro e mau tonu ana mō ngā wiki, he mea tika kia kōrero atu ki tō tākuta, ahakoa ka taea e rātou te tuku i ngā āhuatanga maha atu.

He aha ngā momo o te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Ka whakarōpūhia e ngā tākuta te MDS ki ngā momo maha i runga i te ahua o ngā pūtau kore noa i raro i te microscope me ngā raina pūtau toto e pā ana. Ko te pūnaha a te World Health Organization (WHO) te whakarōpū tino whakamahia.

Ko ngā momo matua ko te MDS me te dysplasia raina kotahi (e pā ana ki tētahi momo pūtau toto), MDS me te dysplasia multilineage (e pā ana ki ngā momo pūtau maha), me te MDS me ngā pupuhi nui (he nui rawa ngā pūtau kore pakeke). Kei reira hoki te MDS me te tango atu o te chromosome 5q motuhake, he huringa ira motuhake, ā, te nuinga o te whakautu pai ki ētahi rongoā.

Ka whakatau hoki tō tākuta i tō taumata tūponotanga mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha tohu e awhina ana ki te kī he pēhea te haere o te mate. Ka awhina tēnei mōhiohio ki te arahi i ngā whakatau rongoā, ā, ka hoatu ki a koe te mārama pai ake ki te aha e tatari ana ki te haere whakamua.

He aha ngā Take o te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

I te nuinga o ngā take, e kore e taea e ngā tākuta te tohu tika i te take o te whanake o te MDS. E kiia ana tēnei ko te MDS matua, ko te MDS de novo rānei, ā, ka puta te ahua ina puta ngā huringa ira i roto i ngā pūtau whānau wheua wheua i te wā, te nuinga o te wā hei wāhanga o te tukanga koroheketanga noa.

Heoi, he maha ngā take ka piki ake tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te MDS:

• Te rongoā mate pukupuku o mua me te chemotherapy, te rongoā radiation rānei
• Te whakaū ki ētahi matū pēnei i te benzene, te formaldehyde rānei
• Te whakakāka nui mō ngā tau maha
• Ētahi mate ira e puta mai ana i te whānau
• Ngā mate toto o mua, ngā mate wheua wheua rānei

Ina whanake te MDS i muri i te rongoā mate pukupuku, e kiia ana he MDS e hono ana ki te rongoā, he MDS tuarua rānei. Ko te tikanga ka puta tēnei i muri i ngā tau maha i muri i te rongoā, ā, ka tino kaha atu i te MDS matua. Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e whiwhi ana i te rongoā mate pukupuku e kore e whanake i te MDS.

Ko te tau te take tūponotanga nui rawa, me te tau toharite i te whakatau i te 70 tau te pakeke. He iti te tūponotanga o ngā tāne ki te whanake i te MDS i ngā wāhine, ahakoa ehara te rerekētanga i te mea nui.

Nōhea te Tiro atu ki te Tākuta mō te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Me whakarite e koe he hui ki tō tākuta ki te pā ana koe ki te ngenge tonu, te ngoikore, te poto o te manawa rānei e āwangawanga ana i ō mahi o ia rā. Ka taea e ēnei tohutoro te tohu i ngā tau iti o te pūtau toto whero, e hiahia ana ki te aromatawai hauora.

Rapua te tiaki hauora i te wā tika ki te kite koe i te toto rere kore noa, te mārōngaro rānei, ngā mate maha rānei, ki te rongo koe i te wiri me te mārama i ia wā. Ahakoa he maha ngā take o ēnei tohutoro, he mea tika kia arotakehia kia whakakorehia ngā mate toto pēnei i te MDS.

Ki te whai koe i te hītori o te rongoā mate pukupuku, he mea tino nui kia pūrongohia ngā tohutoro hou, mau tonu rānei ki tō rōpū hauora. E mohio ana rātou ki tō hītori hauora, ā, ka taea te whakatau mehemea he hiahia ki te whakamātau atu.

He aha ngā Take Tūponotanga mō te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Ko te mārama ki ngā take tūponotanga ka taea te awhina i a koe ki te whai i ngā kōrero whakamārama me tō tākuta, ahakoa te whai i ngā take tūponotanga e kore e tikanga ka whanake koe i te MDS. Ko te tau tonu te take tūponotanga nui rawa, me te āhuatanga he tino iti i ngā tāngata kei raro i te 50 tau.

Ko ngā take tūponotanga matua ko:

• Te pakeketanga, te nuinga atu i te 65 tau te pakeke
• Te ira tane (he nui ake te tūponotanga i ngā wāhine)
• Te rongoā o mua me ngā kaiwhakauru alkylating, ngā kaiwhakauru topoisomerase II rānei
• Te whakaū radiation mai i ngā rongoā hauora, i ngā puna mahi rānei
• Te whakakā, ka taea te whakarahi i ngā pūtau wheua wheua i te wā
• Ētahi mate ira whakawhitia pēnei i te mate Fanconi
• Te hītori whānau o ngā mate toto, o te MDS rānei

Ko te whai i tētahi take tūponotanga, i ngā take tūponotanga maha rānei e kore e tikanga ka whanake koe i te MDS. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e whai ana i ngā take tūponotanga maha e kore e whanake i te āhuatanga, i te wā e mahi ana ētahi atu e kore e whai take tūponotanga e mohiotia ana. Ko te mahi tahi o te ira, te taiao, me te koroheketanga he mea uaua, ā, e kore e tino mārama.

He aha ngā Raruraru Ka Taea o te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Ka taea e te MDS te arahi ki ngā raruraru maha, te nuinga na te mea e kore e whakaputa e tō wheua wheua ngā pūtau toto hauora. Ko te mārama ki ēnei raruraru ka taea te awhina i a koe ki te mohio ki ngā tohutoro hei titiro atu me te wā hei rapu i te tiaki hauora.

Ko ngā raruraru tino noa ko:

• Te anemia kino e hiahia ana ki ngā toto whakawhitinga
• Ngā mate kino na te iti o ngā tau o te pūtau toto ma
• Te toto kino na te iti o ngā tau o te pūtau toto whero
• Te nui o te rino mai i ngā toto whakawhitinga maha
• Ngā raruraru o te ngakau mai i te anemia kino
• Te haere ki te leukemia myeloid koi (AML)

Mo te 30% o ngā tāngata e whai MDS ana ka whanake i te leukemia koi, ahakoa ka rerekē tēnei i runga i tō momo MDS motuhake me ngā take tūponotanga. Ka taea e tō tākuta te hoatu ki a koe te aromatawai whaiaro ake o tō tūponotanga i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Ka taea te riro te nui o te rino hei āwangawanga ki te hiahia koe ki ngā toto whakawhitinga maha. Ka taea e te nui o te rino te whakarahi i tō ngakau, ate, me ētahi atu wheua i te wā, engari ka taea te whakahaere tēnei me ngā rongoā e kiia ana he iron chelators ki te hiahiatia.

Me pēhea te Whakatau i te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Ko te whakatau i te MDS e hiahia ana ki ngā whakamātau maha na te mea ka rite ngā tohutoro ki ētahi atu mate toto, ki ngā āhuatanga noa pēnei i te anemia iti o te rino rānei. Ka tīmata tō tākuta me te tau o te toto katoa (CBC) hei tirotiro i ō pūtau toto whero, pūtau toto ma, me ngā pūtau toto whero.

Ki te kore noa ō tau toto, ko te taahiraa e whai ake nei ko te biopsy wheua wheua. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka tangohia e tō tākuta he tauira iti o te wheua wheua, te nuinga mai i tō wheua huha, hei tirotiro i ngā pūtau i raro i te microscope. Ka whakaatu tēnei mehemea kei te whakaputa e tō wheua wheua ngā pūtau kore noa e tohu ana i te MDS.

Ka taea e ngā whakamātau atu te whakauru i te tātaritanga cytogenetic hei titiro ki ngā huringa chromosome, te cytometry rere hei tātaritanga i ngā āhuatanga pūtau, me te whakamātau ira mō ngā huringa ira motuhake. Ka awhina ēnei whakamātau ki te whakatau i tō momo MDS motuhake, ā, ka arahi i ngā whakatau rongoā.

He aha te Rongoā mō te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Ko te rongoā mō te MDS e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā take maha, tae atu ki tō tau, hauora whānui, te momo MDS motuhake e whai ana koe, me tō taumata tūponotanga. Ko te whāinga ko te whakapai ake i ō tau toto, te whakaiti i ngā tohutoro, me te whakaheke i te haere o te mate.

Ka taea e ngā kōwhiringa rongoā te whakauru i:

• Te tiaki tautoko me ngā toto whakawhitinga me ngā rongoā hei aukati i ngā mate
• Ngā kaiwhakauru hypomethylating pēnei i te azacitidine, te decitabine rānei
• Lenalidomide, tino whai hua mō ētahi momo ira motuhake
• Te whakawhitinga pūtau whānau mō ngā tāngata taitamariki, hauora
• Te rongoā chelation rino ki te whanake te nui o te rino
• Ngā kaiwhakatipu hei whakatenatena i te whakaputa pūtau toto

He tokomaha ngā tāngata e tīmata ana me te tiaki tautoko, e arotahi ana ki te whakahaere i ngā tohutoro me te aukati i ngā raruraru. Ka taea tēnei te whakauru i ngā toto whakawhitinga noa, ngā rongoā hei aukati i ngā mate, i ngā rongoā rānei hei whakatenatena i ō tau toto.

Mō ētahi tāngata, te nuinga o ngā tāngata e whai MDS nui te tūponotanga, ka taea e ngā rongoā kaha ake pēnei i ngā kaiwhakauru hypomethylating te awhina i te whakapai ake i ngā tau toto me te kounga o te ora. Ko te whakawhitinga pūtau whānau te tino whai wāhi mō te rongoā, engari ko te tikanga ka waiho mō ngā tāngata taitamariki e taea ana te whakamanawanui ki te tukanga kaha.

Me pēhea te Tango i te Rongoā Kāinga i te Wā o te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Ko te whakahaere i te MDS i te kāinga e whakauru ana i ngā mahi hei tiaki i a koe i ngā mate, hei aukati i ngā whara ka taea te tuku toto, me te pupuri i tō hauora whānui. Ka hoatu e tō rōpū hauora ngā aratohu motuhake i runga i ō tau toto me te mahere rongoā.

Ko ēnei ngā rautaki tiaki kāinga nui:

• Horohorohia ō ringa i ia wā, kia kaua hoki e tūtaki ki ngā tāngata e mate ana
• Whakamahia he tāra toto ngawari, kia kaua hoki e whakamahi i te floss ki te iti ō tau pūtau toto whero
• Kakahuhia ngā karapu ina māra, ina horoi rānei
• Kaua e tūtaki ki ngā hākinakina hono, ki ngā mahi rānei e nui ana te tūponotanga whara
• Kai i te kai rite me te nui o te pūmua hei tautoko i tō pūnaha mate
• Whiwhi i te okioki tika, whakahaere i te ahotea rānei
• Tangohia ngā rongoā tika pera me te whakaritea

Pupurihia he thermometer, tirohia tō pāmahana ki te rongo koe i te kore pai. Ko te pāmahana nui atu i te 100.4°F (38°C) e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora i te wā tika ina iti ō tau pūtau toto ma. Pēnei anō, me whakatenatena te karanga atu ki tō rōpū hauora ki tetahi toto rere kore noa, ki te ngenge nui rānei.

Me pēhea te Whakamahere mō tō Hui Tākuta?

Ko te whakamahere mō ō hui ka taea te awhina i a koe ki te whakamahi pai i tō wā me tō rōpū hauora, kia whakarite hoki ka whiwhi koe i te mōhiohio e hiahia ana koe. Tīmata mā te tuhituhi i ō tohutoro, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou me te pēhea te pānga ki ō mahi o ia rā.

Maua mai he rārangi katoa o ngā rongoā, ngā taapiri, me ngā huaora katoa e tango ana koe. Whakauruhia ngā rongoā kore-whakahaunga, na te mea ka taea e ētahi te pā ki ō tau toto, ki te mahi tahi rānei me ngā rongoā MDS. Huihuia hoki ngā mōhiohio mō tō hītori hauora, tae atu ki ngā rongoā mate pukupuku o mua, ki te whakaū ki ngā matū rānei.

Whakamahia ngā pātai i mua, ā, whakaarohia te mau mai i tētahi mema whānau, i tētahi hoa rānei hei awhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā mōhiohio nui. Pātaihia mō tō momo MDS motuhake, ngā kōwhiringa rongoā, ngā pānga taha e tatari ana, me te aha e tatari ana ki te haere whakamua. Kaua e whakaroa ki te tono mō te whakamārama ki te kore koe e mārama ki tetahi mea.

He aha te Tākuta Nui mō te Mate Pūtau Wheua?

Ko te MDS he āhuatanga e taea te whakahaere, ahakoa ka raru pea i te wā tuatahi. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e noho ana mō ngā tau me te kounga pai o te ora mā te rongoā tika me te tiaki tautoko. Ko te matua ko te mahi tata me tō rōpū hauora hei tirotiro i tō āhuatanga me te whakarite i ngā rongoā i te wā e hiahiatia ana.

Kia mahara ka pā te MDS ki ia tangata. Ka rerekē pea tō wheako mai i tetahi atu, ahakoa he rite tō momo. Arotahi ki te tango i ngā mea kotahi te rā, ā, kaua e whakaroa ki te tono tautoko mai i tō rōpū hauora, whānau, me ngā hoa.

Ko te noho mōhiohio mō tō āhuatanga ka awhina i a koe ki te whakatau pai ake mō tō tiaki, engari kia ngana ki te kore e raru i te mōhiohio. Whakawhirinaki ki tō rōpū hauora hei arahi i a koe i roto i te tukanga, kia mahara hoki kei te haere tonu te whakapai ake o ngā rongoā mō te MDS, e tuku ana i te tumanako mō ngā hua pai ake i te heke mai.

Ngā Pātai Ano e Pā ana ki te Mate Pūtau Wheua

Q1. He rite te mate pūtau wheua ki te leukemia?

Ehara te MDS i te rite ki te leukemia, ahakoa he hononga ngā āhuatanga. Ko te MDS he mate kei reira te wheua o ou wheua e hanga ana i ngā pūtau toto kore noa e kore e mahi tika. Ko te leukemia e whakauru ana i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku e tere ana te whakaputa, ā, e whakakiia ana ngā pūtau toto noa. Heoi, mo te 30% o ngā tāngata e whai MDS ana ka taea te whanake i te leukemia koi, koia te take e tirotiro tata ana ngā tākuta i ngā tāngata.

Q2. E hira te roa ka taea e tetahi te noho me te mate pūtau wheua?

Ko te roa o te ora me te MDS ka rerekē rawa i runga i tō tau, hauora whānui, me te momo me te taumata tūponotanga o tō MDS. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e noho ana mō ngā tau maha me te āhuatanga, i te wā e taea ana e ētahi atu te whai i te haere kaha ake. Ka taea e tō tākuta te hoatu ki a koe te tirohanga whaiaro ake i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake me te whakautu ki te rongoā.

Q3. Ka taea te rongoā i te mate pūtau wheua?

I tēnei wā, ko te whakawhitinga pūtau whānau anake te rongoā e tuku ana i te tūponotanga mō te rongoā, engari e kore e tika mō te katoa na te tau me ngā whakaaro hauora. Mō te tokomaha o ngā tāngata, ka whakahaerea te MDS hei āhuatanga roa e taea te whakahaere me ngā rongoā maha hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te ora me te whakaheke i te haere.

Q4. Ka hiahia ahau ki ngā toto whakawhitinga me te MDS?

He tokomaha ngā tāngata e whai MDS ana e hiahia ana ki ngā toto whakawhitinga, te nuinga o ngā toto whero whakawhitinga mō te anemia. Ko te auau e whakawhirinaki ana ki ō tau toto me ngā tohutoro. He etahi tāngata e hiahia ana ki ngā whakawhitinga i ia wiki, i te wā e hiahia ana ētahi atu ki te iti ake, ki te kore rānei, te nuinga ki te awhina ētahi atu rongoā ki te pupuri i ō tau toto.

Q5. Ka taea e te kai, i ngā huringa oranga rānei te awhina i te MDS?

Ahakoa e kore e taea e te kai, i ngā huringa oranga rānei te rongoā i te MDS, ka taea te awhina i a koe ki te pai ake te rongo me te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga ki ngā raruraru. Ko te kai i te kai rite e whai ana i te pūmua e tautoko ana i tō pūnaha mate, ko te noho makuku e awhina ana i te ngenge, ko te karo i ngā tāngata mate e whakaiti ana i te tūponotanga mate. Ko te whakakori ngawari noa, ina rongo koe, ka taea hoki te awhina i te pupuri i tō kaha me tō ngākau.