He aha te Mate Pūāhua? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko ngā mate pūāhua he rōpū o ngā āhuatanga e puta ana i te whakautu o tō pūnaha mate ki te mate pukupuku i ngā huarahi kore e tumanakohia. Kāore ēnei mate e puta mai i te mate pukupuku anō, engari mai i ngā mea e tukuna ana e te mate pukupuku, te whakautu rānei o tō pūnaha mate ki te mate pukupuku.

Whakaarohia he rite tēnei ki te pūnaha whakatūpato o tō tinana e ngāwari ana i te whawhai ki te mate pukupuku. Ko te mea pai, ko te mārama ki ēnei mate ka āhei te awhina i ngā tākuta ki te kite wawe ake i te mate pukupuku, ā, ki te whakaora pai ake i ngā āhuatanga e rua.

He aha ngā mate pūāhua?

Ko ngā mate pūāhua ngā āhuatanga hauora e puta ana i te taha o te mate pukupuku, engari kāore i puta tika mai i te noho atu o te mate pukupuku, te hora rānei. Engari, ko te hua mai i ngā homoni, ngā pūtau ranei, ngā whakautu mate ranei e whakaohohia ana e te mate pukupuku.

Ka pā pea ēnei mate ki tetahi wāhanga o tō tinana, tae atu ki tō pūnaha io, homoni, toto, kiri, whatukuhu rānei. Ahakoa ka rongo pea koe i te awangawanga, he tohu whakatūpato nui rātou hei awhina i ngā tākuta ki te kimi wawe i te mate pukupuku.

Ko te kupu ‘pūāhua’ e kī ana ‘i te taha o te mate pukupuku’, e whakaatu ana i te noho tahi o ēnei āhuatanga me te mate pukupuku matua. Ka puta pea i ngā marama, ngā tau rānei i mua i te kitea o te mate pukupuku.

He aha ngā tohu o ngā mate pūāhua?

Ko ngā tohu ka kitea e koe e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wāhanga o tō tinana e pā ana te mate. Nō te mea ka uru pea ēnei mate ki ngā pūnaha tūpuna rerekē, ka rereke ngā tohu mai i te tangata ki te tangata.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu tino noa e whakarōpūhia ana e te pūnaha tinana e pā ana:

• Tohu pūnaha io: Ngā uaua ngoikore, te raruraru o te hikoi, ngā raruraru mahara, te whakapohehe, ngā hopu, ngā huringa ranei i te whakahaere.
• Tohu homoni: Te ngaro taimaha, te piki taimaha ranei, te matewai nui, te mimi nui, te ngenge ranei.
• Tohu e pā ana ki te toto: Te mārōngaro ngāwari, ngā mate maha, te toto ranei.
• Tohu kiri: Ngā pupuhi hou, te pouri o ngā wahi kiri, ngā tipu ranei.
• Tohu uaua me ngā hononga: Te mamae o ngā hononga, te mamae o ngā uaua, te mumura ranei.

He mea nui kia mahara ka puta pea ēnei tohu mai i ētahi atu āhuatanga noa atu. Ko te whai i ēnei tohu kāore e kī ana kei te mate pukupuku koe, kei te mate pūāhua rānei.

He aha ngā momo mate pūāhua?

Ko ngā mate pūāhua e whakarōpūhia ana i runga i te pūnaha tinana e pā ana. He āhuatanga motuhake tō ia momo, ā, e hono ana ki ngā momo mate pukupuku rerekē.

Ko ngā kāwai matua ko ēnei:

• Ngā mate pūāhua neurological: Ko ēnei e pā ana ki tō roro, tō tūpuna, ngā io tawhiti ranei, ā, ko ēnei te tino kitea.
• Ngā mate pūāhua endocrine: Ko ēnei e pā ana ki ngā koretake homoni, ā, ka pā pea ki tō metabolism, huka toto, taumata kāratiuma ranei.
• Ngā mate hematologic: Ko ēnei e pā ana ki tō toto, ā, ka puta pea te mate toto ngawari, ngā raruraru toto, ngā huringa ranei i ngā tau o ngā pūtau toto.
• Ngā mate dermatologic: Ko ēnei e puta ana i tō kiri, ā, ka uru pea ngā pupuhi, ngā huringa tae, ngā tipu ranei.
• Ngā mate rheumatologic: Ko ēnei e pā ana ki ō hononga me ō uaua, e puta ai te mamae me te mumura.

Ko ētahi momo onge ko ngā raruraru whatukuhu, ngā mate nekehanga kanohi, ngā tauira kirika ranei. Ka whakatau tō tākuta i te momo ka pā pea ki a koe i runga i ō tohu motuhake me ngā hua whakamātautau.

He aha ngā take o ngā mate pūāhua?

Ka puta ngā mate pūāhua mā ngā tikanga rerekē, e hono ana katoa ki te whakautu o tō tinana ki te mate pukupuku. Ko te take tino noa ko te hanga e tō pūnaha mate i ngā antibodies hei whawhai ki te mate pukupuku e wero ana i ngā kiko hauora.

Koinei te tikanga e puta ana i roto i tō tinana:

• Te whakapohehe o te pūnaha mate: Ka hanga e tō pūnaha mate ngā antibodies ki ngā pūtau mate pukupuku, engari ka wero hoki ēnei antibodies i ngā pūtau rite i roto i ngā tūpuna hauora.
• Te nui o te whakaputa homoni: Ka whakaputa etahi mate pukupuku i ngā homoni, ngā mea rite homoni rānei e whakararu ana i te toenga noa o tō tinana.
• Ngā whakautu mumura: Ka whakaoho te mate pukupuku i te mumura whānui e pā ana ki ngā tūpuna tawhiti atu i te waahi mate pukupuku.
• Te whakaputa pūtau: Ka hanga pea e ngā mate pukupuku ngā pūtau e whakaroa ana i ngā mahi noa o te tinana.

He tino tūpono ake te puta o ēnei mate ki ētahi momo mate pukupuku. Ko te mate pukupuku manawa, te mate pukupuku manawa iti rawa rānei, te take nui mō te maha o ngā take. Ka taea hoki e ngā mate pukupuku u, hua manu, lymphatic te whakaoho i ngā mate pūāhua.

I ngā take onge, ka puta pea te mate i mua atu o te kitea o te mate pukupuku, ā, he tohu whakatūpato wawe tēnei e whakaoho ana i te rangahau atu.

Nōhea te haere ki te tākuta mō ngā mate pūāhua?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora mēnā ka kite koe i ngā tohu hou, kore e mārama e mau tonu ana, e kino haere ana rānei. He mea nui tēnei mēnā he maha ngā tohu e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō tinana i te wā kotahi.

Rapua te awhina hauora wawe mēnā ka kite koe i:

• Te tīmatanga ohorere o ngā tohu neurological penei i te raruraru o te hikoi, ngā raruraru mahara, te ngoikore ranei o ngā uaua.
• Te ngaro taimaha tere, kore e mārama, me ētahi atu tohu.
• Ngā huringa kiri hou me ngā tohu o roto.
• Te ngenge mau tonu me ngā tohu homoni penei i te matewai nui, te mimi nui ranei.
• Tetahi whakakotahitanga o ngā tohu e kore e rite engari i puta i te wā kotahi.

Mēnā he hītori mate pukupuku tōu, ahakoa kua whakaorangia pai, kia aro nui ki ngā tohu hou. Ka taea e ngā mate pūāhua te tohu i te hokinga mai o te mate pukupuku i mua i te kitea e ētahi atu whakamātautau.

Kia mahara, ko te kite wawe me te whakaora i te mate me tetahi mate pukupuku kei raro i te tikanga ka āhei te arahi ki ngā hua pai ake.

He aha ngā take tūpono mō ngā mate pūāhua?

He maha ngā take ka piki ake tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te mate pūāhua. Ko te take tūpono tino nui ko te whai i ētahi momo mate pukupuku, ina koa ētahi e whakaoho ana i ngā whakautu mate.

Ka piki pea tō tūpono mēnā kei a koe:

• Ngā momo mate pukupuku motuhake: Te mate pukupuku manawa iti, te mate pukupuku u, te mate pukupuku hua manu, ngā lymphomas, te neuroblastoma rānei.
• Te mate pukupuku whānui: Ko te mate whānui ake ka piki ake pea te tūpono o ēnei mate.
• Te whakaheke i roto i te whānau: Ka tino pā pea etahi ki ngā whakautu mate.
• Ngā take tau: He tino noa ake ētahi mate i roto i ngā rōpū tau motuhake.
• Ngā āhuatanga mate autoimmune o mua: Ka piki pea tō tūpono mēnā he hītori mate autoimmune tōu.

He mea tika kia mōhio ko ngā mate pūāhua he onge rawa, e pā ana ki te iti o te ōrau o ngā tūmanako mate pukupuku. Ko te whai i ngā take tūpono kāore e kī ana ka whanake pea koe i ēnei mate.

I ētahi wā onge, ka whanake ngā tāngata kāore he mate pukupuku e mohiotia ana i ngā mate pūāhua, ka arahi atu ki te kitea o te mate pukupuku i kore e kitea i mua.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o ngā mate pūāhua?

Ahakoa ka puta pea ngā tohu nui mai i ngā mate pūāhua anō, ko ngā raruraru e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā pūnaha tinana e pā ana, me te tere o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga. Ka taea e te kite wawe me te maimoatanga te aukati i ngā raruraru nui.

Ko ngā raruraru pea ko ēnei:

• Te kino o te pūnaha io: Kaore he maimoatanga, ka taea e te mumura o ngā io me te roro te arahi ki te kore e taea te whakaora, ngā huringa hinengaro ranei.
• Ngā koretake nui o ngā electrolytes: Ka taea e ngā koretake homoni te whakaputa i ngā huringa kino i ngā taumata o te konutai, kāratiuma, pōtāhiuma ranei.
• Ngā raruraru toto: Ka piki ake pea te tūpono o ngā toto kino, te toto nui ranei i ētahi mate.
• Te kore mahi o ngā tūpuna: Ka pā pea ngā take kino ki te mahi o te whatukuhu, ate, ngā ngākau ranei.
• Ngā raruraru nekehanga: Ka taea e te ngoikore o ngā uaua me ngā raruraru whakahaere te pā kino ki ngā mahi o ia rā.

Ko te mea pai, ko te maha o ngā raruraru ka taea te whakaora ina whakaorangia pai te mate pukupuku kei raro. Ka tirotiro tata atu tō rōpū hauora ki a koe hei aukati i ngā raruraru nui.

Ko ētahi raruraru onge ko ngā tohu hinengaro kino, ngā raruraru o te ngākau e wehi ana, te kore manawa ranei, engari he onge ēnei me te tiaki hauora tika.

Me pēhea te aukati i ngā mate pūāhua?

Aroha mai, kāore he huarahi pono hei aukati i ngā mate pūāhua, no te mea ko te hua mai i te whakautu mate noa o tō tinana ki te mate pukupuku. Engari, ko te kite wawe me te maimoatanga o te mate pukupuku ka taea te whakaiti i tō tūpono ki te whanake i ēnei mate.

Ko ngā mea ka taea e koe hei whakaiti i tō tūpono whānui:

• Whai i ngā aratohu whakamātautau mate pukupuku: Ko ngā mammograms noa, ngā colonoscopies, me ētahi atu whakamātautau e tūtohutia ana ka taea te hopu i te mate pukupuku wawe.
• Whakarite i ngā tikanga ora hauora: Ko te kore kai paipa, te whakaiti i te waipiro, te kai pai, te whakakori tinana noa ka whakaiti i te tūpono o te mate pukupuku.
• Kia mataara ki ngā tohu: Ko te mōhio ki tō tinana me te whakamōhio ki tō tākuta mō ngā huringa kore e mārama ka āhei te arahi ki te kite wawe.
• Kia mau tonu ki te tiaki hauora: Ko ngā tirotiro noa ka āhei te kimi i ngā raruraru i mua i te kino.

Mēnā he hītori mate pukupuku tōu, he mea nui te mataara ki ngā whakaritenga whai muri me te tirotiro mō ngā tohu hou. Ka taea e tō oncologist te tuku aratohu whaiaro i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Me pēhea te whakamātautau i ngā mate pūāhua?

Ka uaua pea te whakamātautau i ngā mate pūāhua, no te mea ka rite pea ngā tohu ki ētahi atu āhuatanga. Ka tīmata tō tākuta me te hītori hauora tino pai me te whakamātautau tinana, e aro nui ana ki te tauira me te wā o ō tohu.

Ko te tukanga whakamātautau e whakauru ana ki ēnei:

• Ngā whakamātautau toto: Te rapu i ngā antibodies motuhake, ngā taumata homoni, me ngā tohu mumura.
• Ngā rangahau whakaahua: Ngā CT scans, MRIs, PET scans rānei hei rapu i ngā mate pukupuku puta noa i tō tinana.
• Ngā whakamātautau antibody motuhake: Ngā whakamātautau motuhake mō ngā antibodies pūāhua e pā ana ki ngā tūpuna rerekē.
• Ngā biopsies kiko: Mēnā ka kitea te mate pukupuku, ko te tirotiro i ngā tauira kiko ka taea te whakau i te whakamātautau.
• Te whākōkī lumbar: Mēnā kei te puta ngā tohu neurological, ka hiahiatia pea te tātaritanga wai tūpuna.

Ka tono pea tō tākuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau i runga i ō tohu motuhake, penei i ngā rangahau arahi io mō te ngoikore o ngā uaua, ngā whakamātautau mahi endocrine rānei mō ngā tohu homoni.

I etahi wa ka whakamātautauhia te mate i mua i te kitea o te mate pukupuku, ka arahi atu ki te rapu whānui ake mō te mate pukupuku ngaro. I ngā take onge, kāore he mate pukupuku e kitea, engari ka taea tonu te whai hua o te maimoatanga.

He aha te maimoatanga mō ngā mate pūāhua?

Ko te maimoatanga mō ngā mate pūāhua e aro nui ana ki ngā whāinga e rua: te whakaora i te mate pukupuku kei raro, me te whakahaere i ngā tohu o te mate. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te whakaora i te mate pukupuku ka āhei te arahi ki te pai ake o te mate pūāhua.

Ka uru pea tō mahere maimoatanga ki ēnei:

• Te maimoatanga mate pukupuku: Te pokanga, te chemotherapy, te radiation, te immunotherapy rānei hei whakaora i te mate pukupuku kei raro.
• Ngā rongoā immunosuppressive: Ngā corticosteroids, rituximab, ngā rongoā ranei hei whakangāwari i tō pūnaha mate.
• Te whakawhiti plasma: He tukanga hei tango i ngā antibodies kino i tō toto.
• Te immunoglobulin intravenous: Ngā whakaurunga o ngā antibodies hauora hei awhina i te whakahaere i tō pūnaha mate.
• Ngā maimoatanga motuhake mō ngā tohu: Ngā rongoā hei whakahaere i ngā hopu, te mamae, ētahi atu tohu motuhake ranei.

Ko te whakautu ki te maimoatanga e rereke ana mai i te tangata ki te tangata. Ka kite pea ētahi i te pai tere ina tīmata te maimoatanga mate pukupuku, ā, ka mau pea ētahi atu i ngā tohu e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere tonu.

I ngā take onge kaore he mate pukupuku e kitea, ka aro nui te maimoatanga ki te whakahaere i te whakautu mate autoimmune me ngā tohu. Ka mahi tahi tō rōpū hauora ki a koe hei kimi i te whakakotahitanga maimoatanga tino pai.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā tohu i te kāinga i te wā o ngā mate pūāhua?

Ahakoa he mea nui te maimoatanga hauora, he maha ngā mea ka taea e koe i te kāinga hei awhina i te whakahaere i ngā tohu me te tautoko i tō oranga whānui i te wā o te maimoatanga. Kia tutuki tonu ēnei mahi me tō rōpū hauora.

Ko ngā rautaki whakahaere kāinga whai hua ko ēnei:

• Te okioki me te tiaki kaha: Whakaritehia ngā mahi mō te wā e nui rawa ana tō kaha, kaua hoki e whakaroa ki te tono awhina.
• Te whakakori ngāwari: Kia rite ki te manawanui, ka taea e te hikoi māori, te whakatete rānei te awhina i te pupuri i te kaha me te nekehanga.
• Te kai tōtika: Ko te kai i ngā kai noa, kai hauora e tautoko ana i te tukanga whakaora o tō tinana.
• Te whakahaere ahotea: Ko ngā tikanga whakangāwari, te whakaaroaro, te tohutohu rānei ka taea te awhina i te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga kare-a-roto.
• Ngā whakarerekētanga haumaru: Mēnā he raruraru toenga, whakahaere ranei tōu, tangohia ngā tūponotanga tūtaki, whakamahia ngā taputapu awhina kia rite ki te hiahia.

Kia mau ki te puka tohu hei aroturuki i ngā huringa me te whakapā atu ki tō rōpū hauora. Ka āhei tēnei mōhiohio te awhina i a rātou ki te whakarerekē i tō mahere maimoatanga kia rite ki te hiahia.

Kaua e wareware ki ngā tohu hou, kino haere rānei, ahakoa he iti rawa pea. Ko te whakauru wawe i te nuinga o te wā ka aukati i ngā raruraru, ka whakapai ake i ngā hua.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakaritenga tākuta?

Ko te whakarite mō tō whakaritenga ka taea te awhina i te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te hua nui rawa atu i tō wā me tō kaiwhakarato hauora. Ko te kohikohi korero i mua ka whai hua ake te tukanga whakamātautau.

I mua i tō whakaritenga:

• Tuhia ō tohu: Tuhia te wā i tīmata ai rātou, te ahua o te huringa, me ngā mea e pai ake ai rātou, e kino ake rānei.
• Rārangihia ngā rongoā katoa: Whakauruhia ngā rongoā rongoā, ngā rongoā kore-tūtohu, me ngā taapiri.
• Kohikohia ngā rēkōta hauora: Mau mai ngā hua mai i ngā whakamātautau hou, ngā rangahau whakaahua, ngā maimoatanga mate pukupuku o mua rānei.
• Whakaritehia ngā pātai: Tuhia ō manukanuka me ō pātai kia kaua e wareware i te wā o te whakaritenga.
• Whakaarohia te kawe mai i te tautoko: Ka taea e te mema whānau, te hoa rānei te awhina i te mahara ki ngā mōhiohio me te whakarato tautoko kare-a-roto.

Kia pono ki ō tohu katoa, ahakoa kaore pea e rite. Ko te tauira o ngā tohu i te nuinga o te wā he mea nui mō te whakamātautau i ngā mate pūāhua.

Mēnā kua mate pukupuku koe i mua, kia rite ki te kōrero mō tō hītori maimoatanga, tae atu ki te wā i maimoatia ai koe me ngā maimoatanga i whiwhi ai koe.

He aha te mea nui mō ngā mate pūāhua?

Ko ngā mate pūāhua te huarahi e whakautu ai tō tinana ki te mate pukupuku, i etahi wa i mua atu o te kitea o te mate pukupuku anō. Ahakoa ka puta pea ngā tohu awangawanga, he tohu whakatūpato wawe nui rātou e arahi ana ki te kitea me te maimoatanga o te mate pukupuku.

Ko te mea nui rawa kia mahara ko ēnei mate ka taea te whakaora, ina koa ka kitea wawe. Ka kite pea te maha o ngā tāngata i te pai nui o ō rātou tohu ina tīmata te maimoatanga tika, ahakoa ko te maimoatanga mate pukupuku, te whakahaere pūnaha mate rānei, ngā mea e rua rānei.

Mēnā kei te kite koe i ngā tohu kore e mārama e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha tinana maha, kaua e whakaroa ki te rapu awhina hauora. Ko te kite wawe me te maimoatanga o te mate me tetahi mate pukupuku kei raro i te tikanga ka āhei te arahi ki ngā hua pai ake.

Kia mahara ko te whai i te mate pūāhua kāore e whakatau i tō whakatau. Me te tiaki hauora tika me te tautoko, ka haere pea te maha o ngā tāngata ki te noho ora, ora mahi i muri i te maimoatanga.

Ngā pātai noa e uihia ana mō ngā mate pūāhua

P1. Ka taea te puta o ngā mate pūāhua kaore he mate pukupuku?

Ahakoa ko ngā mate pūāhua e hono ana ki te mate pukupuku, i etahi wā ka puta i mua i te kitea o tetahi mate pukupuku me ngā hangarau o nāianei. I ngā take onge, kāore he mate pukupuku e kitea, engari ka taea pea te whakautu o te mate ki ngā maimoatanga pūnaha mate. Engari, ko te nuinga o ngā mate pūāhua kua whakauhia e hono ana ki te mate pukupuku e taea te kitea.

P2. Ka taea te whakahoki mai o ngā mate pūāhua?

Ka pai ake te maha o ngā mate pūāhua ina whakaorangia pai te mate pukupuku kei raro. Engari, ko te taumata o te whakahoki mai e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tūpuna e pā ana, me te roa o ngā tohu i mua o te maimoatanga. Ka roa pea te pai ake o ngā tohu neurological, ā, i etahi wā ka waiho ngā pānga mau tonu, ā, ka oti pea te whakaora ngā tohu homoni me ngā tohu e pā ana ki te toto.

P3. He maha ngā mate pūāhua?

He onge rawa ngā mate pūāhua, e pā ana ki te iti i te 1% o ngā tūmanako mate pukupuku katoa. Engari, he tino noa ake ki ētahi momo mate pukupuku, te mate pukupuku manawa iti rawa rānei, kei reira pea ka puta mai i te 10-15% o ngā take. Ko te onge o ēnei mate te take pea ka uaua te whakamātautau.

P4. Ka taea e ngā tamariki te whanake i ngā mate pūāhua?

Ae, ka taea e ngā tamariki te whanake i ngā mate pūāhua, ahakoa he iti ake te noa i roto i ngā tūmanako tamariki i ngā pakeke. Ina puta mai i roto i ngā tamariki, i te nuinga o te wā e hono ana ki te neuroblastoma, ki ētahi atu mate pukupuku tamariki rānei. Ko ngā tohu me ngā huarahi maimoatanga he rite ki ngā pakeke, engari ko ngā tohunga tamariki te nuinga o te whakahaere i ēnei take.

P5. Ko ngā mate pūāhua te tikanga he whānui te mate pukupuku?

Kāore rawa. Ka taea te puta o ngā mate pūāhua me ngā mate pukupuku i tetahi wā, tae atu ki te mate pukupuku tino wawe. Ko te tikanga, ka puta pea ēnei mate i mua i te nui o te mate pukupuku hei kitea mā ngā tikanga whakamātautau noa. Ka taea pea tēnei te whai hua, no te mea ka arahi pea ki te kitea wawe me te maimoatanga o te mate pukupuku i te mea ka puta.