He aha te Mate Pukupuku? Tōna Tohutohu, Ngā Take, me te Rongoā

He mate huaketo nui te mate pukupuku, e puta mai ana i te Yersinia pestis, he huaketo e horapa ana mā ngā kutu kīwī me ngā kiore mate. Ahakoa ka whakamaharatia e te kupu 'mate pukupuku' ngā mate urutā nui o mua, e rongoātia ana te mate pukupuku o ēnei rā mā ngā rongoā whakamate huaketo hou ina mau wawe.

E puta tonu ana tēnei mate tawhito i te tokoiti o te ao, tae atu ki ētahi wāhanga o te United States o te Hauauru. Mā te mārama ki te mate pukupuku ka taea e koe te mohio wawe ki ngā tohutohu, ka rapu rongoā wawe, ka āhei ai te ora pai i te nuinga o ngā take.

He aha te mate pukupuku?

He mate huaketo te mate pukupuku e pā ana ki ōu whekau lymph, ngā pūkahukahu, te toto rānei, kei te pehea te tomo o te huaketo ki roto i tō tinana. Ko te huaketo kotahi i puta ai ngā mate nui o mua, e whakautu pai ana inaianei ki ngā rongoā whakamate huaketo noa penei i te streptomycin me te doxycycline.

He rāre te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku hou, engari e puta tonu ana, me te 1 ki te 17 o ngā take i ia tau i te United States. Ko te nuinga o ngā mate e puta ana i ngā takiwa whenua o te Tonga-Hauauru, inā te New Mexico, Arizona, me Colorado.

E noho ana te huaketo i roto i ngā taupori o ngā kiore ngahere penei i ngā kuri tarutaru, ngā kiore whenua, me ngā chipmunks. Ka pangia ngā kutu ina ngau ratou i ēnei kararehe, ka taea te tuku i te huaketo ki te tangata mā ngā ngau kutu.

He aha ngā momo mate pukupuku?

E toru ngā ahua nui o te mate pukupuku, e pā ana ia ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō tinana. Ko te momo e whānau mai ana i a koe e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pehea te tomo o te huaketo ki roto i tō pūnaha me te wāhi e noho tuatahi ana.

Te mate pukupuku bubonic te ahua tino noa, e 80-95% o ngā take katoa. Ka whānau mai ina ngau koe e ngā kutu pangia, ka noho ai te huaketo ki ō whekau lymph tata. Ka pupū enei whekau hei pūngāwerewere mamae e kiia nei ko 'buboes,' i roto i ō whekau, i raro i ō ringa, i ō kaki rānei.

Te mate pūkahukahu e pā ana ki ōu ngā pūkahukahu, ā, ko te tino kino rawa tēnei momo. Ka taea e koe te whiwhi i tēnei momo mā te manawa i ngā pata kī i pangia e tetahi atu, i te horapa o te mate pūkahukahu bubonic ki ōu ngā pūkahukahu. Ka horapa tēnei momo i waenga i ngā tāngata, ā, me āwhina tonu.

Te mate pūkahukahu septicemic ka puta ina horapa te mate i roto i ōu toto. Ka taea tēnei te puta hei mate tuatahi mai i te ngau o te kutu, i te horapa o ētahi atu momo mate pūkahukahu ki tōu tinana. Ki te kore e āwhina, ka tere te mate o tēnei momo.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate pūkahukahu?

Ka puta ngā tohu o te mate pūkahukahu i te 1 ki te 6 rā i muri i te pānga ki ngā kutu kī i pangia, ki ngā kararehe rānei. Ko te mohiotanga wawe e āwhina ana i te āwhina tere, ā, ka tino pai ake te ora.

Tātou e haere tahi ana i ngā tohu ka pā atu ki a koe me ia momo, kia mahara ko te āwhina wawe ka ārahi ki ngā hua pai:

Ngā tohu o te mate pūkahukahu bubonic:

• Te kirika tere, ka tae pea ki te 101°F neke atu rānei
• Te mamae o te upoko kaore e pai te whakautu ki ngā rongoā mamae
• Ngā ngutu lymph mamae, pupū, ka mahana, ka ngawari
• Te wiri me te mamae o ngā uaua i roto i tōu tinana
• Te ngenge nui ka uaua ai ngā mahi o ia rā
• Te ruaki me te ruaki i ētahi wā

Ko ngā ngutu lymph pupū te tohu o te mate pūkahukahu bubonic. Ka puta ngā buboes i te wāhi tata ki te wāhi i ngau koe – tō pūhaka ki te ngau i te waewae, tō pokohiwi ki te ngau i te ringa.

Ngā tohu o te mate pūkahukahu pneumonic:

• Te kirika nui me te wiri
• Te mare mare nui ka puta mai pea te sputum toto, wai rānei
• Te uaua o te manawa, te poto o te manawa rānei
• Te mamae o te uma, ina manawa hohonu
• Te manawa tere me te tere o te ngakau
• Te mamae o te upoko me te ngoikore o ngā uaua

Ka taea te whānuitia te mate pūkahukahu i te tere, ka whai hua pea i roto i ngā haora. Ko te marehe me ngā raruraru o te manawa e whakamārama ana i te rerekētanga mai i te mate pūkahukahu, ahakoa ka whanake etahi i ngā āhua e rua i te wā kotahi.

Ngā tohu o te mate pūkahukahu:

• Te kirika nui me te makariri nui
• Te mamae o te kopu
• Te ruaki, te ruaki, me te korere
• Te toto i raro i te kiri, e hanga ana i ngā tohu pouri
• Te pakaru me te kore mahi o ngā kōpū i ngā take whanake
• Te whakapohehe, te rereketanga ranei o te hinengaro

Ka uaua ake pea te whakatau i te mate pūkahukahu i te tīmatanga, na te mea kaore i te tino puta ngā pūngāwerewere pupū. Ko te toto i raro i tō kiri ka puta nā te pānga o te huaketo ki te kaha o tō toto ki te whakakotahi tika.

He aha te take o te mate pūkahukahu?

Ka whānuitia te mate pūkahukahu ina tomo te huaketo Yersinia pestis ki roto i tō tinana, i te nuinga na ngā ngau o te kutu kī. Ka hurihuritia tēnei huaketo i roto i ngā taupori kiore mohoao i ngā wāhi maha o te ao, e hanga ana i te mea e kiia ana e ngā kānaka pūtaiao he "āhua enzootic".

Ko te mārama ki te horoinga o te mate pūkahukahu ka āwhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā whakarite tika, ina koa ki te noho koe, ki te toro ranei koe ki ngā wāhi e puta mai ana te mate pūkahukahu:

Ngā ngau kutu te nuinga o ngā mate pūkahukahu tangata. Ka pangia ngā kutu ina kai ratou i ngā kiore pangia penei i ngā kuri whero, ngā kiore whenua, ngā kiore, ngā chipmunks rānei. Ka ngau enei kutu pangia i muri mai i ngā tāngata, ka taea e rātou te tuku i te huaketo mā o rātou wāhi.

Te hononga tika ki ngā kararehe pangia ka taea hoki te hora o te mate pūkahukahu. Ka pangia pea ngā kaiwhai, ngā tākuta kararehe, ngā rangatira kararehe rānei mā ngā kotinga, ngā kīwaha rānei i te whakahaere i ngā kararehe pangia. Ahakoa ngā kararehe mate ka noho tonu hei mate mo te wā roa.

Ngā pata manawa te mea e hora ai te mate pukupuku pneumonic i te tangata ki te tangata. Ka tukuna e te tangata he mate pukupuku pneumonic ina ka kohuatia, ka taikaka rānei, ngā kohuke e mau ana i ngā pūngao e taea te manawahia e ētahi atu. Koinei anake te ahua o te mate pukupuku e horapa tika ana i waenga i ngā tāngata.

Ngā huarahi tuku onge e whai ake nei: te kai i te mīti kua kore rawa i tunua mai i ngā kararehe kua pangia, te uru rānei o ngā pūngao ki ngā whara tuwhera. Kaore ngā tikanga nei i te noa, engari ka puta pea i ngā wāhi e noho ai te mate pukupuku.

Ka tupu pai te pūngao i roto i ngā āhuatanga makariri, makuku, ā, koinei te take i te maha o ngā keehi mate pukupuku i ngā marama makariri, i ngā wāhi maunga rānei. Kua whakaitihia te horapa o te mate pukupuku e te horoi hou me te whakahaere pōhutukaha, ki te whakataurite ki ngā mate pukupuku tawhito.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō te mate pukupuku?

Me kimi wawe koe i te rongoā hauora mena ka puta mai te kirika ohorere, te mamae o te upoko nui, me ngā whekau lymph pupū, ina koa i muri i te pānga pea ki ngā kutu, ki ngā kiore rānei i ngā wāhi e noho ai te mate pukupuku. Ko te rongoā wawe i roto i ngā haora 24 i muri i te tīmatanga o ngā tohu ka ārahi ki ngā hua pai rawa atu.

Kaua e tatari mena ka pāngia koe e tetahi whakakotahitanga o te kirika teitei, te mamae o te upoko nui, me ngā whekau pupū mamae i muri i te noho i waho i ngā wāhi e mohiotia ana mō te mate pukupuku. E tika ana ngā tohu nei kia arotakehia wawe, ahakoa kaore koe i tino mohio ki te pānga.

Rapua te tiaki mate tere tonu mena ka puta mai ngā tohu mate pukupuku pneumonic penei i te kohu nui me te sputum toto, te uaua ki te manawa, te mamae uma rānei. Ka tere te whanake o te mate pukupuku pneumonic, ā, me te rongoā antibiotic tonu kia kore ai e puta mai ngā raruraru nui.

Whakapa atu ki tō taote mena kua pā atu koe ki ngā kararehe mate, kua mate rānei i ngā wāhi mate pukupuku, ahakoa kaore he tohu. Ka taea e tō kaiwhakarato hauora te tūtohutia ngā antibiotics ārai i runga i tō tūponotanga pānga me te mahi mate pukupuku o te rohe.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te mate pukupuku?

He maha ngā take ka piki ai te tūponotanga o te whakawhitinga o te mate pūkohu. Mā te mōhio ki ēnei tūponotanga ka āwhina koe ki te tango i ngā whakarite tika, kaua hoki e manukanuka koretake.

Ka piki tou tūponotanga i runga i te wāhi e noho ana koe, e mahi ana, me te wāhi e whakapau ai koe i tō wā takaro:

Te wāhi whenua te mea nui rawa atu i roto i te tūponotanga o te mate pūkohu. I roto i te United States, ko te nuinga o ngā keehi ka puta i ngā wāhi whenua o New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, California, Oregon, me Nevada. I te ao whānui, ka puta te mate pūkohu i ētahi wāhi o Awherika, Āhia, me Amerika ki te Tonga.

Ngā mahi i waho i ngā wāhi endemic ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te whakawhitinga. Ko te puni, te hikoi, te hopu, me ētahi atu whakangahau i waho i ngā wāhi kei reira ngā kiore e ora ana ka taea te whakauru atu ki a koe ki ngā kutu kua pangia.

Te whakawhitinga mahi ka pā atu ki ētahi mahi atu i ētahi atu. Ko ngā tākuta kararehe, ngā kaitātari kararehe ngahere, ngā kaimahi whakahaere pōhutukawa, me ngā kaimahi taiwhanga e mahi ana me ngā kararehe, me ngā tauira pūkohu, he nui ake te tūponotanga.

Te pupuri kararehe ka taea te piki ake o te tūponotanga i etahi wā, ina koa ki te hopu kiore a ō ngeru i ngā wāhi mate pūkohu. He tino ngawari ngā ngeru ki te mate pūkohu, ā, ka taea te tuku ki te tangata mā ngā ngau, ngā kōkī, te kōtiti rānei.

Te kore o te whakahaere kutu i tō kāinga ka waiho hei wāhi mō te whakawhitinga. Ko ngā wāhi kei reira ngā kiore maha me te kore o te whakahaere pōhutukawa ka kitea ai ngā keehi mate pūkohu.

Ngā take pakeke e whakaatu ana ko ngā tāngata neke atu i te 50 me ngā tamariki i raro i te 15 he nui ake te tūponotanga, ahakoa ka taea e te mate pūkohu te pā ki te tangata i tetahi tau. Ka hono pea tenei ki ngā tauira mahi i waho me ngā take pūnaha ārai.

Ko te whai i ēnei tūponotanga kaore e tikanga ka whiwhi koe i te mate pūkohu. He miriona ngā tāngata e noho ana, e takaro ana hoki i ngā wāhi endemic o te mate pūkohu, kaore rawa e pangia, ina koa ka tango ratou i ngā whakarite whanui.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te mate pūkohu?

Ahakoa ka whakaora pai ngā rongoā mate huaketo hou i te mate pūhaina mehemea ka tīmata wawe, ka āhei te whakaroa i te rongoā ki te arahi ki ngā raruraru nui. Ko te mārama ki ēnei raruraru pea ka whakatenatena i te nui o te hiranga o te tiaki hauora tere.

Tāpiritia te tirotiro i ngā mea ka puta mai mehemea ka kore te mate pūhaina e rongoātia, kāore rānei e tīmata wawe te rongoā:

Te pūhaina septic ka puta mai ina nui rawa te mate huaketo ki roto i tō toto. Ka meinga tēnei kia heke te pehanga toto ki te taumata kino, ka whakaiti i te rere o te toto ki ngā kōpū nui. Ki te rongoā tika, ka taea te aukati i tēnei raruraru i te nuinga o ngā take.

Te kore o te manawa ka puta pea me te mate pūhaina pneumonic, ina koa ka whakaroa te rongoā. Ka taea e te mate te whakarahi i te pakaru o te kōpū manawa, ka uaua ai te whakawhiti i te hauora me te kāponika i waenga i ō manawa.

Te meningitis ka tupu noa ina tae te mate huaketo pūhaina ki ngā kiri tiaki i te taha o tō roro me tō tuaiwi. Ka hanga tēnei i te mamae o te mahunga, te uaua o te kaki, me te āhua hinengaro rerekē e hiahia ana ki te rongoā nui tonu.

Te pakaru o ngā kōpū ka pā ki ō whatukuhu, ate, kāore rānei ngā ngākau ina horapa te mate huaketo puta noa i roto i tō toto. Ko te rongoā mate huaketo wawe te tikanga ka aukati i tēnei ahuatanga.

Te mate tonu te tūpono ki te kore e rongoātia te mate pūhaina, inā koa ngā momo pneumonic me septicemic. Heoi, ka heke te nui o te mate ki te rongoā mate huaketo tere – mai i te 50% neke atu ki te kore rongoā ki raro i te 5% me te tiaki wawe tika.

Ngā raruraru onge e whakauru ana i ngā mate toto pupuhi, ka taea te arahi ki ngā raruraru totohe, kāore rānei ngā pupuhi kino. Ka whanake etahi tangata i ngā mate huaketo tuarua i te wā e whawhai ana tōna pūnaha mate ki te mate pūhaina.

Ko te kupu matua kei konei ko ēnei raruraru ka taea te aukati nui atu mā te mohiotanga wawe me te whakaora. Kua huri te rongoā hou i te mate pukupuku mai i te mate whakamate i mua ki te mate ka taea te whakaora pai ina mau wawe.

Me pēhea te aukati i te mate pukupuku?

Ka taea e koe te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga ki te mate pukupuku mā ngā mahi aukati whai hua. Ko ēnei rautaki e arotahi ana ki te karo i te hononga ki ngā kutu kua pangia me ngā kiore, kāore ki te whakawāiti i ō mahi i waho.

Ko ēnei ngā huarahi tino whai hua hei tiaki i a koe me tō whānau:

Whakahaere i ngā kutu i tō kāinga mā te whakamahi i ngā hua aukati kutu kua whakaaetia e te tākuta mō ō mokai. Kia kore ai ō kōtuinga i te paru ka taea ai te kohungahunga o ngā kiore, ā, whakaarohia te whakahaere pūngao ngaio mēnā ka kite koe i te nui haere o ngā mahi a ngā kiore.

Kaua e pā tika ki ngā kiore,inā hoki ki ētahi kua mate rānei kua mate rānei. Ki te mea me whakahaere e koe ngā kararehe kua mate, kakahuria he karapu ka horoi pai ō ringa i muri mai. Kaua rawa e pā ki ngā kiore mā ō ringa kau, ahakoa ka pai te ahua.

Whakamahia te rongoa pepeke kei roto i te DEET ina whakapau i te wā i waho i ngā wāhi e pangia ana e te mate pukupuku. Tāpirihia te rongoa ki te kiri i te taha o waho me ngā kakahu, mā te whai i ngā tohutohu tohu mō te whakamahinga haumaru.

Kakahuria ngā kakahu tiaki i ngā mahi i waho i ngā wāhi e mohiotia ana te mahi a te mate pukupuku. Ko ngā tarau roa e whakauruhia ana ki roto i ngā tokotoru me ngā hu e kati ana te waewae ka whakaiti i te pā o te kiri ki ngā ngau kutu.

Kia ma tō puni ina puni ana koe i ngā wāhi mate pukupuku. Whakarite pai te kai, maka atu te paru i te wa tika, ā, kaua e puni tata ki ngā rua kiore, ki ngā wāhi kohungahunga rānei.

Tīaki ō mokai mā te aukati kutu me te tirotiro auau. Kaua e tuku i ngā ngeru ki te hopu kiore i ngā wāhi mate pukupuku, ā, rapuhia te tiaki kararehe mēnā ka mate ngā mokai i muri i te pānga pea.

Whakamōhiotia ngā mate o ngā kararehe kē ki ngā mana hauora o te rohe. Ko ngā mate ohorere i roto i ngā kuri pāmu, i ētahi atu kiore rānei, e āhei ana te tohu i te mahi o te mate pūha i te rohe.

He ngāwari ēnei tikanga aukati, ā, e kore e whakaiti i tō koa ki ngā mahi i waho. Ko te whāinga ko te whakaiti i te tūponotanga me te pupuri tonu i tō noho ora noa i ngā wāhi e puta ai te mate pūha.

Pehea te whakamārama i te mate pūha?

Ka whakamārama ngā tākuta i te mate pūha mā ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga, me ō tohu, me tō hītori whakawhāiti. He mea nui te whakamārama tere, nā te mea ka whakapai ake te rongoā wawe i ngā hua.

Ka tīmata tō kaiwhakarato hauora mā te uiui mō ō mahi tata nei, ō haerenga, me tetahi hononga ki ngā kararehe, ki ngā kutu rānei. Ka āwhina ēnei mōhiohio ki te whakatau mena he mea tika te whakamātautau mate pūha, me te momo tauira hei kohikohi.

Ngā whakamātautau toto ka taea te kite i ngā huakita mate pūha, i ngā antibodies rānei e whakaputa ana tō tinana hei whakautu ki te mate.

Ka taea e tō tākuta te tono i ngā whakawhanaketanga toto hei whakatipu i ngā huakita i roto i te taiwhanga, ka roa pea te 24-48 haora mō ngā hua.

Ngā tauira pūtake lymph te huarahi tino tika ki te whakamārama i te mate pūha bubonic. Mā te whakamahi i te ngira angiangi, ka taea e ngā tākuta te tango i te wai mai i ngā pūtake lymph pupū hei tirotiro i raro i te microscope me te whakamātautau mō ngā huakita.

Ngā whakamātautau sputum ka āwhina i te whakamārama i te mate pūha pneumonic mā te tirotiro i te mucus e kohuatia ana e koe. Ka rapu ngā kaiwhakamahi taiwhanga i ngā huakita mate pūha mā te whakamahi i ngā tae motuhake me ngā tikanga whakatipu.

Ngā whakamātautau whakamārama tere ka taea te whakarato i ngā hua tuatahi i roto i ngā haora. Ka kite ēnei whakamātautau i ngā antigens mate pūha, i ngā rauemi ira rānei, ahakoa he mea tika tonu te whakau i ngā tikanga whakawhanaketanga huakita tuku iho.

Ngā whakamātautau whanake e whakauru ana i ngā whakamātautau PCR (polymerase chain reaction) e taea ai te tautuhi i te DNA mate pūha tere, tika hoki. Ka taea e ētahi taiwhanga te mahi i ēnei whakamātautau i roto i ngā haora torutoru.

Ka timata pea tō tākuta i te rongoā antibiotic i mua i te hokinga mai o ngā hua whakamātautau, ki te tino tohu mai ō tohu me tō hītori whakawhāiti i te mate pukupuku. Ka whakaora tēnei huarahi i te wā utu nui, ā, kāo reira e whakaroa i ngā whakamātautau whakamārama maha.

Kia mahara ko te whakamātautau mate pukupuku he mea motuhake, ā, me tuku pea ngā tauira ki ngā taiwhanga o te kawanatanga, o te kāwanatanga rānei. Ka whakahaere tēnei tukanga e tō hōhipera rohe kia whakaritea te whakahaere tika me ngā hua tere.

He aha te rongoā mō te mate pukupuku?

Ka whakautu pai te mate pukupuku ki ētahi atu antibiotics noa i te wā e timata wawe ana te rongoā. Ko te matua ko te tīmatanga o ngā antibiotics i roto i ngā haora 24 i muri i te tīmatanga o ngā tohu mō ngā hua pai rawa atu.

Ka whakawhirinaki tō mahere rongoā ki te momo mate pukupuku kei a koe me te wā e tīmata ana te rongoā:

Streptomycin tonu te antibiotic koura mō te rongoā mate pukupuku. I hoatu hei werohanga ki roto i ō uaua, ka whakamate pai i ngā huakita mate pukupuku, ā, he tekau tau te angitu kua whakamātautauhia. Ko te nuinga o te iwi ka whiwhi i tēnei antibiotic mō ngā rā 7-10.

Gentamicin he huarahi whakakapi ina kore e wātea te streptomycin. Ka hoatu tenei antibiotic i roto i te uaua, ā, ka mahi rite ki te streptomycin me ngā reiti whai hua rite.

Ka taea te tango a te waha Doxycycline, ka whai hua ai mō ngā keehi iti ake, kāore rānei e whai hua ngā antibiotics werohanga. Ka tātai pea tō tākuta i tēnei mō ngā rā 10-14, ā, he maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mō te aukati i te mate pukupuku i muri i te whakawhāiti.

Ciprofloxacin tetahi atu kōwhiringa a te waha e mahi pai ana ki ngā huakita mate pukupuku. He tino whai hua mō te hunga kaore e taea te tango i te doxycycline nā ngā mate pāwera, nā ētahi atu rongoā rānei.

Ka whiriwhiria pea Chloramphenicol mō te meningitis mate pukupuku, nā te mea ka uru pai ki roto i te ngakau o te roro. Heoi, ka pupuri ngā tākuta i tēnei antibiotic mō ngā āhuatanga motuhake nā ngā pānga taha pea.

Rongoā whakauru te tikanga ka whakamahia i etahi wā mō ngā keehi kino, ina koa te mate pūkahukahu, te mate toto rānei. Ka tātai pea tō tākuta rua rongoā hei whakarite i te rongoā tino pai.

Ka tīmata te nuinga o te iwi ki te pai ake i roto i ngā rā 2-3 i muri i te tīmatanga o ngā rongoā. Ka pakaru te kirika i roto i ngā hāora 48, ā, ka whakaiti haere ngā whekau pupū i roto i ngā rā maha ki ngā wiki.

Ki te pēhea koe te mate pūkahukahu, ka hiahia pea koe ki te wehe i ngā hāora 48 tuatahi o te rongoā hei ārai i te hora o te mate ki ētahi atu. I muri i tēnei wā, kāo e pāngia atu koe.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā tohu o te mate i te kāinga?

Ko te tiaki kāinga mō te mate ko te tautoko i tō ora ake i te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā kua tātai. Kaua rawa e ngana ki te whakaora i te mate mā ngā rongoā kāinga anake – he mea nui ngā rongoā mō te ora.

Koinei te huarahi e taea ai e koe te tautoko i tō ora ake i te taha o te rongoā hauora:

Okioki katoa i te wā o te mate. Me whai kaha tō tinana ki te whawhai i te mate, na reira kaua e mahi, kaua e whakakori tinana, kaua hoki e mahi i ngā mahi kaore e tika kia mahia kia tukuna koe e tō tākuta.

Kia makona te wai mā te inu i te wai mā, te wai huawhenua rānei, te wai momona rānei. Ka taea e te kirika me te werawera te arai i te wai, ka whakaiti i tō ora ake.

Whakahaere i te kirika mā te acetaminophen, te ibuprofen rānei kia rite ki ngā tohutohu a tō kaiwhakarongo hauora. Kaua e ngana ki te whakakore i te kirika katoa, i te mea ka awhina i tō pūnaha mate i te whawhai i te mate.

Whakamahia ngā kāpeka mahana ki ngā whekau pupū kia ngāwari ai te mamae. Whakamahia he tauera mahana, ma, mō ngā meneti 10-15 i ngā wā maha i te rā. Kaua rawa e ngana ki te whakaheke, ki te wero rānei i ngā whekau pupū koe ake.

Kai ngā kai māmā, kai ora ina hiahia koe. Aro atu ki ngā whiringa ngāwari ki te kai, pēnei i te hupa, te keke, te toa rānei. Kaua e manukanuka ki te ngoikore o tō hiahia kai i te tīmatanga – ka hoki mai ina ora ake koe.

Whakamahia ngā rongoā mate huaketo kia rite ki te whakahau ahakoa ka tīmata te pai ake o tōnui. Mēnā ka mutu ngā rongoā mate huaketo i mua i te wā, ka taea e ngā huaketo te hoki mai, ā, ka taea hoki te whakawhanake i te ātete.

Aroturukihia ō tohu me whakapiri atu ki tō tākuta mēnā ka puta mai ētahi raruraru hou pēnei i te uaua o te manawa, te mamae o te upoko nui, te mamae kino rānei o ngā whekau lymph.

Motuhaketia tika mēnā kei a koe te mate pēpē pneumonic. Noho ki te kāinga, me kakahuria te kanohi mena kei te noho tahi koe me ngā mema o tō whānau kia tae ra ano ki te whakau a tō tākuta kua kore koe e pāhekeheke.

Kia mahara ko te tiaki whare e tautoko ana, engari kaore e whakakapi i te rongoā hauora tika. Ko ō rongoā mate huaketo i whakaritea e mahi ana i te mahi nui ki te whawhai i te mate.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui ki te tākuta?

Ko te whakarite mō tō hui e āwhina ana i tō tākuta ki te aromatawai wawe mena kei a koe pea te mate pēpē, ā, ka tīmata te rongoā tika. Haere mai me ngā mōhiohio motuhake mō ō tohu me ō mahi hou.

I mua i tō hui, tuhituhia ngā kōrero matua hei āwhina i tō kaiwhakarato hauora:

Tuhia ō tohu tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou, te kaha o rātou, me te whakapaingia atu rānei. Tuhituhia tō pāmahana mēnā kua tirotirohia e koe, ā, whakaahuahia ngā wāhi pupū i tō tinana.

Rārangihia ngā mahi hou i ngā wiki rua kua pahure, ina koa ngā mahi i waho, te haere ki ngā takiwa whenua, te hononga ki ngā kararehe, te ngau pūreru rānei. Whakauruhia te puni, te hikoi, te hopu, te mahi rānei ki ngā kararehe.

Tārua te hononga kararehe tae atu ki ngā mokai, ngā kararehe ngahere, ngā kararehe whāngai, ngā kararehe mate rānei i tūtaki pea koe. Whakamāramahia mēnā kua mate ō mokai, mena kua kite koe i te nui haere o ngā kiore i tō kāinga.

Mau mai ngā mōhiohio rongoā tae atu ki ngā rongoā tākuta katoa, ngā rongoā kore-tākuta, me ngā taapiri e inu ana koe i tēnei wā. Ka taea e ētahi rongoā te pā ki ngā kōwhiringa rongoā mate huaketo.

Whakarāpopotohia ngā mate pāwera ki ngā rongoā,inā hoki ki ngā rongoā mate huaketo, nō te mea ka pā te tikanga whakaora ki ēnei. Whakauruhia ngā āhuatanga o mua ki ngā rongoā, ahakoa ngā mea ngawari.

Whakamahia ngā pātai mō tō mate, ngā huarahi whakaora, te wā whakaora, me ngā whakatūpato mō ngā whānau. Tuhia ēnei kia kaua e wareware i te wā whakarite.

Mauria ngā korero inihua me te tohu whaiaro, nō te mea pea ka hiahiatia te noho whare hauora, te whakamātautau rongoā motuhake rānei mō te rongoā i te mate pukupuku.

Ki te tino mate koe, kia kawea koe e tētahi ki te wā whakarite, ki te haere rānei ki te ruma mate ngāwari. Ka tere te piki o te mate pukupuku, ā, ko ngā tohu kino ka hiahiatia te aromatawai wawe.

I te wā whakarite, kia pono rawa koe ki ō mahi me ō tohu. Me whai ngā korero tika te taote kia taea ai te whakatau tika me te whakaora.

He aha te mea nui mō te mate pukupuku?

He mate huaketo kino engari ka taea te whakaora te mate pukupuku ina mau wawe. Ahakoa ko te ingoa pea ka rōpū, nā ngā hononga tawhito, ka whakaora ngā rongoā hou i te mate pukupuku i te nuinga o ngā take.

Ko te mea nui rawa kia mahara ko te whakaora wawe ka puta he rerekētanga. Ki te whānau mai he kirika ohorere, he mamae o te upoko, me ngā whekau ngongo i muri i te pānga pea ki ngā kutu, ki ngā kiore rānei i ngā wāhi mate pukupuku, rapuhia te tiaki hauora tonu.

Kaua e tuku i te wehi ki te mate pukupuku kia ārai i a koe ki te koa ki ngā mahi i waho i ngā wāhi e pā ana. Ko ngā whakatūpato ngāwari penei i te whakamahi i te rongoā pepeke, te whakahaere i ngā kutu i runga i ngā kararehe, me te karo i te hononga ki ngā kiore ngahere ka whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga.

Kua huri te rongoā hou i te mate pukupuku mai i te mate kino tawhito hei mate ka taea te whakahaere. Me te mohiotanga tere me te whakaora rongoā tika, ka ora ngā tāngata katoa ka hoki ki ō rātou oranga noa.

Kia mau tonu te whakamārama mō ngā mahi o te mate pukupuku i tō rohe mā ngā tari hauora o te rohe, engari kia mahara ko ngā take he iti tonu. Aro atu ki ngā tikanga aukati whānau, ā, rapu kia tere te tiaki hauora mēnā ka puta mai ngā tohu whakaaro.

Pātai maha e ui ana mō te mate pukupuku

Ka taea te hopu i te mate pukupuku i te tangata ki te tangata?

Ko te mate pukupuku manawa anake te horapa mai i te tangata ki te tangata mā ngā matūriki manawa ina ka ūkō atu tetahi, ka tīhoro. Kāo te mate pukupuku whekau me te mate pukupuku toto e horapa tika ana i waenga i ngā tāngata. Mēnā he tangata kei tō whare kei a ia te mate pukupuku manawa, ka hiahiatia te wehe atu mō ngā hāora 48 tuatahi o te rongoā antibiotic.

Kei te noho tonu te mate pukupuku i tēnei wā?

Ae, kei te puta tonu te mate pukupuku puta noa te ao me te tata ki te 1,000 ki te 3,000 o ngā take i pūrongohia puta noa te ao ia tau. I te United States, he 1 ki te 17 ngā take ia tau, te nuinga i ngā takiwa whenua o te Tonga-Hauāuru. E noho ana te huakita i roto i ngā taupori kiore mohoao, kāore i whakakorea.

Kia tere te mate o te mate pukupuku kahore he rongoā?

Ka taea e te mate pukupuku whekau kahore he rongoā te haere ki te mate i roto i ngā rā 2-6, i te wā ka taea e te mate pukupuku manawa te mate i roto i ngā hāora 18-24 kahore he antibiotics. Heoi, mā te rongoā antibiotic tere, ka heke te rerenga mate ki raro i te 5%. E whakaatu ana tēnei rerekētanga nui he aha te take nui o te rongoā wawe.

Ka taea e ngā kararehe te hopu i te mate pukupuku, ā, ka hoatu ki ngā tāngata?

Ae, he tino pāngia ngā ngeru ki te mate pukupuku, ā, ka taea te tuku ki ngā tāngata mā ngā ngau, mā ngā kōkī, mā ngā matūriki manawa mēnā ka whanakehia e rātou te mate pukupuku manawa…