He aha te mate pūkahukahu? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

He aha te mate pūkahukahu?

Ko te mate pūkahukahu te mumura o te pūkahukahu, ngā paparanga angiangi o te kiko e hipoki ana i ō ngā manawa me te kōpū uma. Ka mumura ēnei papanga, ka wiri rātou ki tetahi i tetahi i te wā e manawa ana koe, ka puta he mamae uma koi e rite ana ki te maripi e wero ana i ō riu.

Whakaarohia te pūkahukahu hei kākahu tiaki mo ō manawa. I te nuinga, ka ngāwari ēnei paparanga te neke atu i tetahi i tetahi i te wā e manawa ana koe. Engari ki te puta te mate pūkahukahu, ka hanga te mumura i te mea kōtiti me te piri, ka puta te mamae koi e tino kino ake ana i te wā e kohu ana koe, e taea ana rānei e te manawa hohonu.

Ko te rongo pai, he maha ngā rongoā mō te mate pūkahukahu, ina kitea e ngā tākuta te take o te mumura. Ka ora katoa te nuinga o te iwi ki te tiaki tika, ahakoa ka rerekē te wā e hāngai ana ki te take.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate pūkahukahu?

Ko te tohu matua o te mate pūkahukahu he mamae uma koi, e kino ake ana i te wā e manawa hohonu ana koe, e kohu ana rānei. Ka puta tēnei mamae i tetahi taha o tō uma, ā, ka rite pea ki te pehi i te maripi wera ki ō riu.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu matua ka pā pea ki a koe:

• Mamae uma koi e kino ake ana i te manawa hohonu, i te kohu rānei
• Te poto o te manawa, te manawa papaku rānei hei karo i te mamae
• Te kohu maroke e āwangawanga ana
• Te kirika me te wiri, ki te mea kei te pā te mate
• Te mamae ka horapa pea ki tō pokohiwi, ki tō tua rānei
• Te whakaaro kaore e taea e koe te hopu i tō manawa

Ka kite pea etahi i te whakaora mā te takoto ki te taha e mamae ana, ki te pupuri rānei i te moenga ki o ratou uma i te wā e kohu ana. Ka ngana a-tinana tō tinana ki te tiaki i te wāhi e mumura ana mā te whakaiti i te nekehanga me te manawa papaku.

I etahi wā, ka puta mai ngā tohu nui ake o te mate pūkahukahu, pēnei i te raruraru nui ki te manawa, ngā ngutu, ngā maihao rānei kōwhiu, mamae uma nui ka aukati i ngā mahi noa. Me kimi te awhina hauora tonu i ēnei ahuatanga.

He aha ngā take o te mate pūkahukahu?

Ka puta te mate pūkahukahu ina whakaohooho, ina pangia rānei ngā paparanga pūkahukahu e karapoti ana i ō manawa. Ko te take tino noa ko te mate huaketo, ahakoa ka taea e ngā mate huakita me ētahi atu ahuatanga te whakaohooho i tēnei mumura.

Tirohia ngā take matua, mā te tīmata i ngā mea tino noa:

• Ngā mate huaketo pēnei i te mate huaketo, te mate huango, te COVID-19 rānei
• Ngā mate huakita, inā te mate huango
• Ngā mate ā-tinana pēnei i te lupus, te mate rewiti rānei
• Ngā whara uma mai i ngā aituā, i ngā hinga rānei
• Ētahi rongoā ka taea te whakaohooho i te mumura
• Te mate pūkahukahu, ngā pūngāwerewere rānei e tata ana ki te pūkahukahu
• Ngā toto kōtiti i roto i ngā manawa (pulmonary embolism)

I etahi wā ka puta te mate pūkahukahu kaore he take mārama, e kiia ana e ngā tākuta he mate pūkahukahu idiopathic. Ahakoa ka rongo pea tenei he awangawanga, ka ora te nuinga o ēnei take mā te tiaki tautoko.

He iti rawa te wā, ka puta te mate pūkahukahu mai i ngā mate huaketo harore, te mate pūkahukahu, te whakamahinga rānei o te asbestos. He iti ake te noa o ēnei take, engari he mea nui kia whakaarohia, inā he take morearea kei a koe pēnei i te pūnaha ārai mate ngoikore, te whakamahinga mahi rānei.

Nōhea te haere ki te tākuta mō te mate pūkahukahu?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō tākuta ki te pā te mamae uma koi ki a koe e kino ake ana i te manawa, inā he kirika, he poto o te manawa rānei, he kohu tonu. Ka āwhina te aromatawai wawe ki te kimi i te take me te aukati i ngā raruraru.

Rapua te awhina hauora tonu ki te pā tētahi o ēnei tohu whakatūpato ki a koe:

• Te mamae uma nui e tino uaua ai te manawa
• Te kirika nui i runga ake i te 102°F (39°C)
• Te tae kōwhiu e karapoti ana i ō ngutu, i ō maihao rānei
• Te ngākau tere, te ngoikore rānei
• Te kohu toto
• Te poto nui o te manawa ahakoa i te okiokinga

Kaua e tatari ki te kino haere o ō tohu, ki te whakaaro rānei koe he mea kino rawa. Whakaarohia ō whakaaro mō tō tinana, me te mahara tonu ko te mamae uma e hāngai ana ki te aromatawai hauora hei whakakore i ngā ahuatanga kino.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te mate pūkahukahu?

Ka taea e te tangata te whiwhi mate pūkahukahu, engari ka whai take etahi i te mate. Ka taea e te mārama ki ēnei take morearea te awhina i a koe ki te mohio ki te wā hei tiaki atu ki ngā tohu.

Ko ēnei ngā take morearea matua e piki ake ai ō tūmanako ki te whiwhi mate pūkahukahu:

• Ngā mate manawa hou pēnei i te mate huango, te mate rewiti rānei
• Ngā mate ā-tinana pēnei i te lupus, te mate rewiti rānei
• Te pakeke i runga ake i te 65, i te ngoikore haere o ngā pūnaha ārai mate i te wā
• Te whakakī, e kino ai te kiko manawa me te piki ake o te morearea o te mate
• Te pūnaha ārai mate ngoikore mai i ngā rongoā, i ngā ahuatanga rānei
• Te hītori o te whara uma, te pokanga uma hou rānei
• Te hītori whānau o ngā mate ā-tinana

Ko te whai i ēnei take morearea kaore e tikanga ka whiwhi koe i te mate pūkahukahu. Kaore te nuinga o te iwi e whai take morearea maha e whiwhi i tēnei mate, ka taea tonu e ētahi atu kaore he take morearea mārama te whiwhi.

Ko te mea nui ko te mohio ki tō taumata morearea kia taea ai e koe te kimi i te tiaki hauora tere ki te puta mai ngā tohu. Ka ārahi te maimoatanga wawe ki ngā hua pai ake me te ora tere ake.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te mate pūkahukahu?

Ka ora te nuinga o ngā take o te mate pūkahukahu kaore he raruraru kino, inā te maimoatanga tere. Engari, ka taea e etahi ahuatanga te ārahi ki ngā raruraru uaua ake e hiahia ana ki te whakauru hauora atu.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru tino noa:

• Te pupuhi o te pūkahukahu, te kohikohi wai rānei i waenganui i ngā paparanga manawa
• Te pneumothorax, te manawa pakaru mai i te hau e rere ana ki te kōpū uma
• Te mamae roa e mau tonu ana i muri i te ngaro o te mumura
• Ngā raruraru manawa e whakaiti ana i ngā mahi o ia rā
• Te horapa o te mate ki ētahi atu wāhi o te uma

Ko te pupuhi o te pūkahukahu te raruraru tino noa, ka puta ina hanga te mumura i te kohikohi wai e karapoti ana i ngā manawa. Ka taea e tēnei te uaua ake te manawa, ā, ka hiahia pea ki ngā tukanga whakaheke.

Ko ngā raruraru kino, engari he iti te wā, ka uru ngā mate kino e horapa ana puta noa i te kōpū uma, te whanaketanga rānei o te kiko tohu matotoru e whakaiti ana i te nekehanga o te manawa. Ka puta tēnei i te nuinga o te wā kaore i te maimoatia te mate pūkahukahu, i te puta mai rānei i ngā ahuatanga taketake kino pēnei i te mate pūkahukahu, te mate ā-tinana kino rānei.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te mate pūkahukahu?

Ka tīmata te whakatau i te mate pūkahukahu mā tō tākuta e whakarongo ana ki ō tohu me te tirotiro i tō uma. Ka whakamahi rātou i te stethoscope hei whakarongo ki te tangi wiri e hanga ana e ngā papanga pūkahukahu e mumura ana i te wā e neke ana rātou ki tetahi i tetahi.

Ka tono pea tō tākuta i ētahi whakamātautau hei whakau i te whakatau me te kimi i te take taketake:

• Te X-ray uma hei titiro ki te wai, te mate, ētahi atu rānei mea rerekē
• Te CT scan mō ngā whakaahua taipitopito o ngā hanganga uma
• Ngā whakamātautau toto hei tirotiro i te mate, i ngā tohu ā-tinana rānei
• Te ultrasound hei kimi i te wai e karapoti ana i ngā manawa
• Te tātaritanga wai pūkahukahu ki te mea kei te noho te wai

Ka āwhina te tukanga whakatau ki te whakatau kaore i te mea kei te pā te mate pūkahukahu ki a koe, engari ko te take. He mea nui tēnei, no te mea ka rerekē te maimoatanga kia rite ki te mea he huaketo, he huakita rānei te take, he hono rānei ki tētahi atu ahuatanga.

I etahi wā, ka tono pea tō tākuta i ngā whakamātautau atu pēnei i te MRI, i te mahi toto motuhake rānei hei tirotiro i ngā take iti ake te noa, inā kaore ngā whakamātautau tuatahi e whakaatu i te whakamārama mārama mō ō tohu.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te mate pūkahukahu?

Ka aro te maimoatanga mō te mate pūkahukahu ki te whakatika i te take taketake i te wā e whakahaere ana i te mamae me te mumura. Ka whakawhirinaki te huarahi motuhake ki te mea i whakaohooho i tō mate pūkahukahu, engari he tino whai hua te nuinga o ngā maimoatanga ki te hoatu whakaora.

Ko ēnei ngā huarahi maimoatanga noa:

• Ngā kai whakaora mamae pēnei i te ibuprofen, te naproxen rānei hei whakaiti i te mumura
• Ngā rongoā mate huakita ki te mea ko te mate huakita te take
• Ngā rongoā mate huaketo mō ētahi mate huaketo
• Ngā corticosteroids mō te mate pūkahukahu e pā ana ki te mate ā-tinana
• Ngā tukanga whakaheke ki te mea he nui te kohikohi wai
• Te maimoatanga o ngā ahuatanga taketake pēnei i te mate pūkahukahu, ngā toto kōtiti rānei

Ka tuku pea ngā rongoā whakaiti mumura i te whakaora nui i roto i ngā rā torutoru. Ka tohua e tō tākuta te whiringa tino haumaru me te tino whai hua kia rite ki tō hauora whānui me ētahi atu rongoā e inu ana koe.

Mō ngā take e pā ana ki te pupuhi o te pūkahukahu, ka hiahia pea tō tākuta ki te whakaheke i te wai nui mā te ngira, te pū rānei iti. Ka taea e tēnei tukanga, e kiia nei ko te thoracentesis, te hoatu whakaora manawa tonu me te āwhina ki te aukati i ngā raruraru.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te mate pūkahukahu i te kāinga?

Ahakoa ka whakatika te maimoatanga hauora i te take taketake, ka taea e ētahi rautaki tiaki kāinga te awhina i a koe ki te pai ake te rongo me te tautoko i tō ora. Ka mahi ēnei huarahi me ō rongoā i whakaritea, ehara i te whakakapi.

Ko ēnei ngā tikanga whakahaere kāinga whai hua:

• Te okioki ki te taha e pā ana hei whakaiti i te nekehanga mamae
• Te whakamahi i ngā papa wera hei whakaora i te pehanga uaua uma
• Te mahi i ngā mahi manawa hohonu kia rite ki te mamae
• Te noho makuku hei awhina i te whakaheke i te kōtiti
• Te whakamahi i ngā moenga atu hei kimi i ngā tūnga moe pai
• Te karo i ngā mahi e kino ake ai te mamae uma

Ka kite te nuinga o te iwi ko te takoto ki te taha e mamae ana ka whakaiti i te mamae mā te whakaiti i te nekehanga o ngā papanga pūkahukahu e mumura ana. Whakamātautau ki ngā tūnga rerekē hei kimi i te mea pai mōu.

Ka taea e ngā mahi manawa ngawari te āwhina ki te aukati i ngā raruraru pēnei i te mate huango, engari me mahi noa te mea e pai ana. Tīmata haere haere, ka piki haere i te wā e pai ake ana tō mamae. Kaua rawa e pehi i te mamae nui, no te mea ka taea e tēnei te kino ake te mumura.

Me pēhea te aukati i te mate pūkahukahu?

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te aukati i ngā take katoa o te mate pūkahukahu, ka taea e ētahi rautaki te whakaiti i tō morearea mā te whakatika i ngā take taketake noa. Ka aro te aukati ki te pupuri i te hauora whānui pai me te karo i ngā mate i te wā e taea ana.

Ko ēnei ngā rautaki aukati matua:

• Te whiwhi i ngā inenga mate rewiti ia tau me te pupuri i te rā hou mō ngā inenga mate huango
• Te horoi i ngā ringa i te nuinga hei aukati i ngā mate manawa
• Te mutu i te whakakī hei whakapai ake i te hauora manawa
• Te whakahaere i ngā ahuatanga roa pēnei i ngā mate ā-tinana
• Te kimi i te maimoatanga tere mō ngā mate manawa
• Te pupuri i te pūnaha ārai mate hauora mā te kai pai me te moe

He mea nui rawa te inenga mō ngā kaumātua me ngā tāngata e whai mate hauora roa ana. Ka taea e te inenga mate huango te aukati i ngā mate huakita maha e ārahi ana ki te mate pūkahukahu.

Ki te whai koe i te mate ā-tinana, ko te mahi tata atu ki tō tākuta hei pupuri i te whakahaere pai ka taea te whakaiti i tō morearea o te mate pūkahukahu. Ka uru pea tenei ki te tango i ngā rongoā kia rite ki te whakaritea me te haere ki ngā hui whai muri.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui tākuta?

Ko te whakarite mō tō hui ka āwhina i te whakarite kia whiwhi tō tākuta i ngā mōhiohio katoa e hiahiatia ana hei whakatau me te maimoatanga i tō ahuatanga. Ka taea hoki e te whakarite pai te awhina i te whakaiti i tō manukanuka mō te haerenga.

I mua i tō hui, kohikohia ēnei mōhiohio nui:

• Tuhia te wā i tīmata ai ō tohu me te pehea o te huringa
• Rārangihia ngā rongoā, ngā huaora, me ngā taapiri katoa e tango ana koe
• Tāruahia ngā mate, ngā whara, ngā tukanga hauora hou rānei
• Whakaritea ngā pātai mō tō ahuatanga me ngā whiringa maimoatanga
• Kawea mai tētahi mema whānau, tētahi hoa rānei hei tautoko ki te hiahiatia
• Whakamahia ō mōhiohio inihua me ō rēkōta hauora o mua

Kia rite ki te whakaatu i tō mamae i roto i ngā kōrero, tae atu ki te wāhi e mamae ana, te mea e pai ake ana, te kino ake rānei, me te pehea e pā ana ki ō mahi o ia rā. Ka āwhina ēnei mōhiohio i tō tākuta ki te mārama ki te kino me te āhua o tō ahuatanga.

Kaua e whakaroa ki te ui pātai mō tō whakatau, ngā whiringa maimoatanga, te mea rānei e tumanakohia ana i te wā e ora ana. E hiahia ana tō tākuta ki te āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki tō ahuatanga me te whakawhirinaki ki tō mahere tiaki.

He aha te mea nui mō te mate pūkahukahu?

He ahuatanga ka taea te maimoatanga te mate pūkahukahu, ahakoa he mamae, he awangawanga, ka ora pai i te nuinga o te wā ki te tiaki hauora tika. Ka whakautu pai te mamae uma koi e tohu ana i te mate pūkahukahu ki ngā maimoatanga whakaiti mumura, ka ora katoa te nuinga o te iwi.

Ko te mea nui hei mahara ko te aromatawai hauora wawe ka ārahi ki ngā hua pai ake. Kaua e ngana ki te whakakake i te mamae uma nui, inā he kirika, he poto o te manawa rānei, ētahi atu tohu awangawanga rānei.

Ki te maimoatanga tika e whakatika ana i te take taketake me ō tohu, ka tumanako koe ki te pai ake te rongo i roto i ngā rā ki ngā wiki. Kei reira tō rōpū hauora ki te tautoko i a koe i te wā e ora ana me te āwhina ki te aukati i ngā wāhanga kei te heke mai.

Ngā pātai uiui noa mō te mate pūkahukahu

E hā roa te mate pūkahukahu?

Ka whakawhirinaki te roa o te mate pūkahukahu ki tōna take taketake. Ka ora te mate pūkahukahu huaketo i roto i te wiki, rua wiki rānei ki te maimoatanga tika, ka roa pea ngā take huakita, engari ka whakautu pai ki ngā rongoā mate huakita. Ka hiahia pea te mate pūkahukahu e pā ana ki ngā mate ā-tinana ki te whakahaere tonu, engari ka pai ake ngā wāhanga koi i roto i ngā rā i te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga tika.

He mate pūkahukahu rānei?

Ko te mate pūkahukahu anō kaore i te mate, engari ko ngā mate e whakaohooho ana pea. Ki te puta mai tō mate pūkahukahu mai i te mate huaketo manawa, i te mate huakita rānei, ka taea pea e koe te horapa i taua mate taketake ki ētahi atu. Engari, ko te mumura o te mate pūkahukahu ko te whakautu a tō tinana ki te mate, ā, kaore e taea te tuku tika ki tētahi atu tangata.

Ka hoki mai rānei te mate pūkahukahu i muri i te maimoatanga?

Ae, ka taea te hoki mai o te mate pūkahukahu, inā he take morearea tonu kei a koe pēnei i ngā mate ā-tinana, ki te whiwhi rānei koe i ngā mate manawa hou. Engari, ko te whiwhi mate pūkahukahu kotahi kaore e tino piki ake te tūmanako ki te whiwhi anō, ki te kore e mau tonu ngā take morearea taketake. Ka taea e te whai i ngā rautaki aukati me te whakahaere i ngā ahuatanga roa te awhina i te whakaiti i tō morearea o ngā wāhanga kei te heke mai.

Me haere rānei ahau ki te rūma urupare mō te mate pūkahukahu?

Rapua te tiaki urupare ki te pā te mamae uma nui ki a koe me te raruraru ki te manawa, te kirika nui i runga ake i te 102°F, ngā ngutu, ngā maihao rānei kōwhiu, ki te kohu toto rānei koe. Mō ngā tohu iti ake pēnei i te mamae uma e taea te whakahaere kaore he raruraru manawa, ka taea e koe te whakarite i te hui ki tō tākuta noa i roto i te rā, rua rā rānei.

Ka taea e te whakakori te kino ake o te mate pūkahukahu?

I te wā o te mate pūkahukahu koi, ka kino ake te whakakori i te mamae uma, ā, me karo kia pai ake ngā tohu. Ka taea e te manawa hohonu i te wā e whakakori ana te piki ake i te wiri mamae o ngā papanga pūkahukahu e mumura ana. Ina ngaro ō mamae, ā, kua whakamārama tō tākuta, ka taea e te whakakori ngawari te āwhina ki te aukati i ngā raruraru me te tautoko i te ora.