He aha te Koretake Ārai Matua? Ngā Tohutohu, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ka puta te koretake ārai matua ina kore e mahi tika tō pūnaha ārai mai i te whānautanga, nā ngā huringa ira. Whakaarohia tō pūnaha ārai hei rōpū haumarutanga o tō tinana – ina he koretake ārai matua, ka ngaro etahi mema o te rōpū, kāore rānei e taea e rātou te mahi tika. Ka nui ake ai te tūponotanga o te whiwhi mate ka māngai pea mō ētahi atu, engari ka kaha pea mōu.

Ka pā tēnei āhuatanga ki te 1 i roto i te 1,200 o te iwi o te ao, ahakoa he maha ngā take ka kore e kitea mō ngā tau. Ko te rongo pai, mā te tiaki hauora me te maimoatanga tika, ka taea e te nuinga o te hunga he koretake ārai matua te noho ora, te noho mahi.

He aha ngā tohu o te Koretake Ārai Matua?

Ko te tohu tino kitea o te koretake ārai matua ko te whiwhi mate i te maha atu, i te kaha ake rānei, i ngā wāhi rerekē atu ki ētahi atu tangata. Kāore ēnei i ngā mate huka noa e whiwhi ai te katoa – he mate ngāwari, he mate hoki e puta ana, e hoki ana rānei, e pā ana rānei ki ngā wāhanga o tō tinana kaore e pangia.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu tino noa ka kitea e koe:

• Ngā mate manawa maha penei i te mate huango, te mate ngākau, te mate ihu
• Ngā mate kiri ka whakaora haere mai rānei, ka hoki mai rānei
• Ngā raruraru pūnaha kai tae atu ki te ruaki roa, ki ngā mate puku
• Ngā mate taringa e puta ana i te maha
• Te whakaora puhoi mai i ngā kotinga, ngā kōwhatu, ngā whara pokanga rānei
• Te ngenge, te ngoikore rānei i te nuinga o te wā
• Ngā pūngāwerewere pupū kaore e ngaro

Ka pāngia hoki ētahi e ngā tohu mate ārai, kei reira te pūnaha ārai e whakaeke ana i ngā wāhanga hauora o tō tinana ake. Ka puta mai tēnei hei mamae o ngā hononga, ngā pupuhi kiri, ngā raruraru rānei ki ngā kōpū penei i tō ate, tō whatukuhu rānei.

I etahi wā, ka puta mai ngā mate rerekē mai i ngā mate kaore e pangia ngā tangata hauora. Ka taea e ēnei mate whakawai te pā ki ō ngā manawa, ki tō roro, ki ētahi atu kōpū nui hoki, ā, he maha ngā wā e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga motuhake.

He aha ngā momo Koretake Ārai Matua?

Neke atu i te 400 ngā momo rerekē o te koretake ārai matua, ka pā ia ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō pūnaha ārai. Ko te nuinga ka uru ki ētahi wāhanga matua e hāngai ana ki ngā wāhanga pūnaha ārai kaore e mahi tika.

Ko ēnei ngā momo tino noa:

• Ngā koretake antibody: Kāore tō tinana e hanga i ngā pūtau whawhai mate e kiia nei he antibody
• Ngā koretake T-cell: Kāore ngā pūtau toto ma e whakahaere ana i ngā whakautu ārai e mahi tika ana
• Ngā koretake ārai whakakotahi: Ka pā ngā antibody me ngā T-cells
• Ngā koretake whakakī: Ka ngaro ngā pūtau e āwhina ana i ngā antibody ki te whawhai ki ngā mate
• Ngā mate phagocyte: Kāore ngā pūtau e kai ana i ngā mate kino e taea te mahi tika

Ko ētahi tauira rongonui ko te Koretake Ārai Rerekē Noa (CVID), e pā ana ki te whakaputa antibody, me te Koretake Ārai Whakakotahi Nui (SCID), e pā ana ki ngā antibody me ngā T-cells. He tauira tohu me ngā huarahi maimoatanga motuhake tō ia momo.

He aha ngā take o te Koretake Ārai Matua?

Ka puta te koretake ārai matua nā ngā huringa i roto i ō ira e pā ana ki te whanaketanga me te mahi o tō pūnaha ārai. Kei te noho ngā huringa ira mai i te whānautanga, koia te take i kiia ai he 'matua' – ko te raruraru matua tēnei, ehara i te mea i puta mai i tētahi atu āhuatanga, maimoatanga rānei.

Ko te nuinga o ngā take ka puta nā ngā rerekētanga i roto i ngā ira kotahi e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi nui o te pūnaha ārai. Ka taea te whakawhiwhi i ēnei rerekētanga mai i ō mātua, ka puta mai rānei i te whanaketanga o mua.

Ka rerekē ngā tauira whakawhiwhi i runga i te āhuatanga motuhake:

• X-linked: Kei te ira X te huringa ira, no reira ka pā nui ki ngā tama
• Autosomal recessive: E rua ngā kōpe o te ira i hurihia e koe, tētahi mai i ia mātua
• Autosomal dominant: Kotahi anake te kōpe o te ira i hurihia e koe kia pā ai te āhuatanga

I etahi wā, ka puta te huringa ira mō te wa tuatahi ki a koe, ā, ko te tikanga kāore ō mātua e pangia, engari ko koe.

Nōhea te haere ki te taakuta mō te Koretake Ārai Matua?

Me kōrero koe ki tō taakuta ki te maha atu ō mate i te mea noa mōu. Aro atu ki ngā tauira – kei te whiwhi koe i te mate huango ia tau, te roa rānei o te whakaora i ngā kotinga ngāwari?

Rapua te tiaki hauora ki te pāngia koe e:

• Neke atu i te 4 mate taringa i roto i te tau kotahi
• 2 mate ihu nui ake rānei i roto i te tau kotahi
• 2 mate huango nui ake rānei i roto i te tau kotahi
• Ngā mate kaore e whakautu ki te maimoatanga antibiotic noa
• Ngā mate rerekē, ngā mate rānei i ngā wāhi rerekē
• Te hītori whānau o te koretake ārai matua

Kaua e tatari ki te puta mai ngā tohu nui penei i te uaua o te manawa, te kirikaha teitei kaore e ngaro, ngā tohu rānei o te mate nui. Me whai tiaki hauora tonu ēnei āhuatanga.

Ki te manukanuka koe mō ō tauira mate, tīmata mā te kōrero ki tō taakuta tiaki matua. Ka taea e rātou te arotake i ō tohu, ka tuku atu koe ki te immunologist (he tohunga i ngā mate pūnaha ārai) ki te hiahiatia.

He aha ngā take tūponotanga mō te Koretake Ārai Matua?

Ko te take tūponotanga nui rawa atu mō te koretake ārai matua ko te whai whānau e pangia ana e te āhuatanga. Mai i ngā mate ira tēnei, ka taea te rere i roto i ngā whānau, ahakoa ka rerekē ngā tauira whakawhiwhi.

Ko ētahi atu take e piki ake ai tō tūponotanga ko:

• Ko te tane (he maha ngā momo i roto i ngā tama nā te whakawhiwhi X-linked)
• Te whai mātua e hono ana (ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā āhuatanga ira recessive)
• Te noho ki ētahi rōpū iwi kei reira ngā huringa ira motuhake e tino noa ana
• Te whai i ētahi atu āhuatanga ira e pā ana ki te whanaketanga pūnaha ārai

He mea nui te mōhio kaore e taea e koe te aukati i te koretake ārai matua mā ngā huringa noho ora, nā te mea i whakaritea e ō ira. Engari, ka taea e te mōhio ki tō hītori whānau te āwhina i ngā taakuta ki te mohio wawe ki ngā tohu, ki te tīmata wawe hoki i te maimoatanga.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te Koretake Ārai Matua?

Ina kore e whakahaere tika te koretake ārai matua, ka taea te arahi ki ngā raruraru nui e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga maha o tō tinana. Ko te take nui ko te kaha ake o ngā mate, te horapa atu rānei ki ngā kōpū nui.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru noa:

• Ngā mate manawa roa ka taea te whakarahi i te kino o ngā manawa
• Ngā mate pūnaha kai e arahi ana ki te kore kai me te ngaro o te taumaha
• Te kino o te ate, o te whatukuhu rānei mai i ngā mate maha
• Ngā āhuatanga mate ārai kei reira tō pūnaha ārai e whakaeke ana i ngā kiko hauora
• Te piki o te tūponotanga o ētahi mate pukupuku, ina koa ngā lymphomas
• Ngā raruraru tipu i ngā tamariki nā te mate roa

Ka puta mai ki ētahi te bronchiectasis, he āhuatanga kei reira ngā ara manawa o ngā manawa e whānui tonu ana, e toka ana hoki mai i ngā mate maha. Ka taea tēnei te whakamamae i te manawa, me te hiahia ki te maimoatanga haere tonu.

I etahi wā, ka mate pea ngā momo koretake ārai matua nui ki te kore e maimoatia wawe. Engari, mā te tiaki hauora me te tirotiro tika, ka taea te aukati, te whakahaere rānei i te nuinga o ngā raruraru.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te Koretake Ārai Matua?

Ko te whakatau i te koretake ārai matua e tīmata ana mā tō taakuta e ui pātai taipitopito mō tō hītori mate me tō papamuri hauora whānau. Ka hiahia rātou ki te mōhio mō ngā momo, te maha, me te kaha o ngā mate kua pā ki a koe.

Ka tono pea tō taakuta i ngā whakamātautau toto hei tirotiro i ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō pūnaha ārai:

• Te tauākī toto katoa hei tirotiro i ō taumata pūtau toto ma
• Ngā taumata immunoglobulin hei ine i ngā antibody whawhai mate
• Ngā whakamātautau whakautu antibody hei kite i te pai o tō whakautu ki ngā werohanga
• Ngā tauākī me ngā whakamātautau mahi o ngā T-cell me ngā B-cell
• Ngā taumata whakakī hei tirotiro i ēnei pūtau ārai nui

Ki te whakaatu ngā whakamātautau tuatahi i tetahi raruraru, ka tono pea tō taakuta i te whakamātautau ira hei tautuhi i ngā huringa ira motuhake e pā ana ki tō āhuatanga. Ka taea tēnei te āwhina ki te tautuhi i te momo koretake ārai matua e pā ana ki a koe.

I etahi wā ka whakamātautau hoki ngā taakuta i ngā mema whānau hei mōhio ki ngā tauira whakawhiwhi, hei tautuhi hoki i ētahi atu ka pā pea. Ka roa pea te tukanga whakatau, engari he mea nui te whiwhi i te whakatau tika mō te maimoatanga tika.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te Koretake Ārai Matua?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te koretake ārai matua e aro ana ki te aukati i ngā mate, ki te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga pūnaha ārai e ngaro ana. Ko te maimoatanga motuhake e hāngai ana ki te momo koretake ārai e pā ana ki a koe, me te kaha o te pānga ki a koe.

Ko ēnei ngā huarahi maimoatanga matua:

• Te maimoatanga whakakapi immunoglobulin: Ngā whakaurunga noa o ngā antibody mai i ngā kaiwhakauru hauora
• Ngā rongoā aukati: Ngā rongoā o ia rā hei aukati i ngā mate huakita
• Ngā rongoā antifungal: Hei aukati i ngā mate harore i ētahi āhuatanga
• Te maimoatanga interferon: Mō ētahi momo koretake ārai
• Te whakawhiti i te wheua wheua: Mō ngā koretake ārai whakakotahi nui
• Te rongoā ira: He huarahi maimoatanga hou mō ētahi āhuatanga

Ko te maimoatanga immunoglobulin te maimoatanga tino noa mō ngā koretake antibody. Ka whiwhi koe i ēnei whakaurunga mā te uaua (IVIG) mā te kiri rānei (SCIG) i ia wiki torutoru. He maha ngā tangata e kite ana i tēnei maimoatanga e whakaiti nui ana i tō rerenga mate.

Mō ngā take nui, ka taea e te whakawhiti wheua wheua te whakaora i te āhuatanga mā te whakakapi i tō pūnaha ārai kino ki tetahi hauora mai i te kaiwhakauru. Engari, he nui ngā tūponotanga o tēnei, ā, ka waiho noa mō ngā āhuatanga mate kino.

Me pēhea te tango i te maimoatanga kāinga i te wā o te Koretake Ārai Matua?

Ko te whakahaere i te koretake ārai matua i te kāinga e whakauru ana i ngā mahi hei aukati i ngā mate i te wā e pupuri ana i te oranga noa. Ka nui ake te hiranga o ngā mahi hauora pai ina hiahia tō pūnaha ārai ki te āwhina atu.

Ko ēnei ngā rautaki tiaki kāinga matua:

• Horohorohia ō ringa i te maha me te hopi me te wai mō te 20 hēkona pea
• Kaua e haere ki ngā wāhi nui i te wā o te mate huka, o ngā mate rānei
• Pupuri i ngā werohanga katoa e tūtohutia ana (engari kaua e werohanga ora)
• Kai kai hauora hei tautoko i te hauora whānui
• Whiwhi moe tika hei āwhina i tō pūnaha ārai ki te mahi pai ake
• Noho makuku mā te inu wai maha
• Kaua e tū tata ki ngā tangata e kitea ana he mate

Ki te whiwhi koe i te maimoatanga immunoglobulin i te kāinga, kia mohio koe ki ngā tikanga whakauru tika me ngā whakaritenga rokiroki. Pupuri i te thermometer, kia mōhio hoki ki te wa ki te karanga ki tō taakuta mō te kirikaha, ngā tohu rānei.

Hangaia he mahere mahi me tō rōpū hauora mō te whakahaere i ngā mate wawe. Ka whakauru pea tēnei ki te whai rongoā aukati, ki te mōhio rānei ki te wa ki te rapu tiaki hauora tonu.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakatau taakuta?

Ko te whakarite pai mō tō whakatau e āwhina ana i tō taakuta ki te mōhio pai ake ki tō āhuatanga, ki te whakamahi pai hoki i tō wā tahi. Tīmata mā te tuhi i tō hītori mate kia tino tika.

Mau mai ēnei korero:

• Rārangi o ngā mate katoa kua pā ki a koe, tae atu ki ngā rā me ngā maimoatanga
• Ngā rongoā me ngā taapiri kei te tangohia e koe
• Te hītori hauora whānau, ina koa ngā raruraru pūnaha ārai
• Ngā pātai mō tō āhuatanga me ngā whiringa maimoatanga
• Ngā hua whakamātautau hou, ngā rēkōta hauora rānei
• Ngā korero inihua me ngā puka tohutoro ki te hiahiatia

Tuhia ō pātai tino nui tuatahi, i te mea ka tere pea ngā whakatau. Kaua e whakaroa ki te ui pātai mō tetahi mea e awangawanga ana koe, tae atu ki ngā pānga o ngā maimoatanga, ngā huringa noho ora rānei.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i tētahi mema whānau, hoa rānei hei āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā korero i kōrerohia i te whakatau. Ka taea hoki e rātou te whakawhiwhi tautoko ngākau i te wā ka nui pea te whakatau.

He aha te mea nui mō te Koretake Ārai Matua?

He āhuatanga whakahaeretia te koretake ārai matua ina whakatau tika, ina maimoatia hoki. Ahakoa ko te tikanga e hiahia ana tō pūnaha ārai ki te tautoko atu, ka taea e te nuinga o te hunga he āhuatanga ēnei te noho ora, te noho mahi me te tiaki hauora tika.

Ko te mea tino nui ko te mohio ki te tauira o ngā mate maha, o ngā mate nui rānei, me te rapu whakamātautau hauora. Ka taea e te whakatau wawe me te maimoatanga te aukati i ngā raruraru nui, te whakapai ake hoki i tō kounga ora.

Kia mahara, ko te whai koretake ārai matua kāore e tikanga he ngoikore koe, me noho rānei koe i te motu. Mā ngā whakaritenga tika me te whakahaere hauora, ka taea e koe te mahi, te haere, te whai hononga, te whai hoki i ō whāinga pēnei i ētahi atu.

Noho hono atu ki tō rōpū hauora, whai i tō mahere maimoatanga, kaua hoki e whakaroa ki te whakapā atu ina he awangawanga tōu. Kei reira tō rōpū hauora hei tautoko i a koe ki te whakahaere tika i tēnei āhuatanga.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te Koretake Ārai Matua

Ka taea te whakaora i te koretake ārai matua?

Ko te nuinga o ngā momo koretake ārai matua kaore e taea te whakaora, engari ka taea te whakahaere pai ki te maimoatanga tika. Ka taea e te whakawhiti wheua wheua te whakaora i ētahi momo nui, ā, kei te whakaatu te rongoā ira i te tumanako mō ētahi āhuatanga. Engari, he maha ngā tangata e noho ora noa ana me te maimoatanga haere tonu i te rapu whakaora.

He mate pāhoko te koretake ārai matua?

Kāo, ehara te koretake ārai matua i te mate pāhoko. He āhuatanga ira i whānau mai koe, ehara i te mea ka taea te hopu mai i ētahi atu, te tuku atu rānei ki ētahi atu mā te hononga noa.

Ka taea e au te whānau tamariki ki te whai koretake ārai matua?

Ae, ka taea e te nuinga o te hunga he koretake ārai matua te whānau tamariki. Engari, mai i ngā āhuatanga ira tēnei, he tūponotanga o te tuku i te āhuatanga ki ō tamariki. Ka taea e te tohutohu ira te āwhina i a koe ki te mōhio ki ngā tūponotanga, ki te tirotiro hoki i ngā whiringa penei i te whakamātautau ira i te wā hapu.

Ka kino ake rānei tō koretake ārai matua i te wā?

Ka hāngai tēnei ki te momo koretake ārai matua motuhake e pā ana ki a koe. Ka noho tonu ētahi āhuatanga i te ora katoa me te maimoatanga tika, ā, ka taea e ētahi atu te haere tonu, te huri rānei i te wā. Ko te tirotiro noa me tō rōpū hauora e āwhina ana ki te aroturuki i ngā huringa, ki te whakarite hoki i te maimoatanga i te mea e hiahiatia ana.

Ka taea e au te haere ki te whai koretake ārai matua?

Ae, he maha ngā tangata he koretake ārai matua e haere haumaru ana me te whakarite tika. Me whakarite koe me tō rōpū hauora mō te wā maimoatanga, te kawe i ngā rongoā, me te tango i ngā whakaritenga atu i ētahi wāhi. Ka hiahia pea ētahi wāhi ki ngā werohanga motuhake, ngā whakaritenga rānei.