He aha te Pulmonary Atresia? Ngā Tohutohu, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te pulmonary atresia he mate ngākau nui e puta mai ana i te whānau, kei reira te pouaka manawa e kore e hanga tika ana, kāore rānei e kati rawa. Ko te tikanga kaore e taea te rere o te toto mai i te ngākau ki ngā pūkahukahu hei tango i te hau.

Ko tēnei āhuatanga e pā ana ki te 1 o ia 10,000 o ngā pēpi e whānau ana. Ahakoa he wehi te ahua, kua pai ake ngā mahi hauora, ā, he maha ngā tamariki e ora ana i te ora roa, i te ora kaha me te maimoatanga tika me te tiaki.

He aha te Pulmonary Atresia?

Ka puta te pulmonary atresia ina kore te pouaka manawa, kei waenganui i te ruma matau o te ngākau me te uaua manawa, e hanga tika ana. Whakaarohia he tatau kaore e tuwhera i waenganui i ngā ruma nui e rua i roto i tō ngākau.

I roto i te ngākau hauora, ka pupuhi te ruma matau i te toto i roto i te pouaka manawa ki ngā pūkahukahu. Ki te whai koe i te pulmonary atresia, ka mutu rānei te huarahi, kāore rānei e kitea. Ka kimi ngā huarahi auaha tō tinana pēpi ki te tiki toto ki ngā pūkahukahu i roto i ētahi hononga atu, engari ehara enei i ngā otinga pumau.

E rua ngā momo nui o tēnei āhuatanga. Ko te momo e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whānuitanga o te ruma matau i hanga tika ai, iti rawa rānei, kāore i whānuitia.

He aha ngā Momo o te Pulmonary Atresia?

Ko te pulmonary atresia me te ventricular septum katoa te tikanga ko te pakitara i waenganui i ngā ruma raro o te ngākau kua oti, engari ko te ruma matau he iti, kāore i whānuitia. Ko tēnei momo e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga uaua ake, no te mea kaore pea te ruma matau e kaha ki te pupuhi toto.

Ko te pulmonary atresia me te ventricular septal defect kei roto he rua i te pakitara i waenganui i ngā ruma raro o te ngākau, ā, he nui te rahi o te ruma matau. Ko tēnei momo he uaua toto atu e awhina ana i te kawe toto ki ngā pūkahukahu, ka rerekē te mahere maimoatanga.

He aha ngā Tohutohu o te Pulmonary Atresia?

Ko te nuinga o ngā pēpi e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia ka whakaatu i ngā tohu i roto i ngā rā, wiki rānei tuatahi o te ora. Ko te tohu tino kitea ko te cyanosis, ko te tikanga ko te kiri, ngutu, me ngā maihao o tō pēpi ka kikorangi, parauri rānei, no te mea kaore tōna toto e kawe i te hau.

Ka kite pea koe i ētahi atu tohu āwangawanga e whakaatu ana kaore tō pēpi e whiwhi hau:

• Te uaua ki te manawa, te tere o te manawa
• Te kai kino, te ngenge tere i te wā e kai ana
• Te moe nui, te kore o te kaha
• Te iti o te taumaha ahakoa te hiahia kai
• Te riri, te ngangau rerekē
• Te wera i te wā e kai ana, i te mahi māori

He iti pea ngā tohu o ētahi pēpi, ina koa ki te pai te rere o te toto ki ō rātou pūkahukahu. Heoi, kaua e warewarehia ngā tohu ngawari, no te mea ka kaha ake te āhuatanga i te wā e kati ana ngā huarahi tautoko taiao i muri i te whānau.

He aha ngā Take o te Pulmonary Atresia?

Ka whānau te pulmonary atresia i roto i ngā wiki waru tuatahi o te hapu ina hanga ana te ngākau o tō pēpi. Kāore i tino mōhiotia te take, engari he whakakotahitanga o ngā take ira me ngā take taiao e mahi tahi ana.

Ko te nuinga o ngā take ka puta noa atu kaore he hītori whānau o ngā mate ngākau. Ka hanga ngā hanganga ngākau o tō pēpi i roto i te tukanga uaua, ā, i etahi wā kaore te pouaka manawa e whānau penei i tōna tika. Kāore tēnei i te take i tetahi mea i mahi koe, kāore rānei i mahi i te wā hapu.

He maha ngā take ka piki ake te tūponotanga, ahakoa kaore e tino pā te āhuatanga. Kei roto i ēnei te mate huka i te wā hapu, te tango i ētahi rongoā, te whai hītori whānau o ngā mate ngākau whānau. Heoi, he maha ngā pēpi e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia e whānau ana ki ngā mātua kaore he take morearea.

Nōhea te Tiro ki te Taakuta mō te Pulmonary Atresia?

Mēnā ka whakaatu tō pēpi i tetahi tae kikorangi i ngā ngutu, ngā maihao, kiri rānei, me rapu āwhina hauora tonu. Ko tēnei tae kikorangi te tikanga kaore tō pēpi e whiwhi hau, ā, e hiahia ana ki te tiaki āwangawanga tonu.

Me whakapiri atu hoki koe ki tō taakuta tamariki tere mēnā he uaua ki tō pēpi te kai, he ngenge rawa, he tere te manawa, kāore rānei e piki te taumaha. Ka puta pea ēnei tohu i te wā roa, engari e whakaatu ana kei te mahi uaua ake te ngākau o tō pēpi i tōna tika.

I ngā tirotiro noa, ka whakarongo tō taakuta ki te ngākau o tō pēpi, ā, ka rongo pea i tetahi haruru ngākau. Ahakoa he maha ngā haruru ngākau kaore he kino, ka taea e ētahi te whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga nui penei i te pulmonary atresia e hiahia ana ki te aromatawai tonu e te kaitātari ngākau tamariki.

He aha ngā Take Morearea mō te Pulmonary Atresia?

He maha ngā take ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te whānau i te pēpi e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia, ahakoa te whai i ēnei take morearea kaore e tikanga ka whai tō pēpi i tēnei āhuatanga. Ko te nuinga o ngā pēpi e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia e whānau ana ki ngā mātua kaore he take.

He mahi ngā take ira i etahi take. Mēnā he hītori whānau o ngā mate ngākau whānau, ka piki pea tō tūponotanga. Ko ētahi mate ira penei i te mate DiGeorge, mate Noonan rānei, e hono ana ki te piki o te tūponotanga o ngā mate ngākau.

Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga hauora whaea i te wā hapu te pānga ki te tūponotanga. Ko te whai mate huka, ina koa ki te kore e pai te whakahaere, ka piki pea te tūponotanga o ngā mate ngākau. Ko te tango i ētahi rongoā i te wā hapu, ina koa ētahi rongoā hopu, maimoatanga pupuhi rānei, ka pā pea ki te whānautanga o te ngākau.

Ka taea e ngā take taiao penei i te wāhine kai paipa, te inu waipiro, te whakamahinga rānei i ētahi matū i te wā hapu te whakauru ki te tūponotanga. Heoi, he maha ngā whaea e pā ana ki ēnei whakamahinga e whai ana i ngā pēpi e hauora ana ngā ngākau.

He aha ngā Hua Ka Taea o te Pulmonary Atresia?

Kaore he maimoatanga, ka taea e te pulmonary atresia te arahi ki ngā hua kino, no te mea kaore tō pēpi e whiwhi hau. Ko te āwangawanga tino tere ko te heke o te taumata hau o tō pēpi ki raro, ina koa i te wā e kati ana ngā hononga tautoko taiao i ngā rā tuatahi i muri i te whānau.

I te wā roa, ka taea e te pulmonary atresia kaore i te maimoatia te whakauru i ngā raruraru i roto i te tinana o tō tamaiti:

• Te kore o te ngākau mai i te ngākau e mahi uaua ana ki te pupuhi toto
• Te whakaroa o te tipu me te whānautanga na te iti o te hau
• Te piki o te tūponotanga o ngā toto toto me te whiu
• Ngā raruraru whatukuhu mai i te iti o te rere o te toto
• Te kino o te roro mai i te kore o te hau
• Ngā mate manawa auau

Ahakoa he maimoatanga, he maha ngā tamariki ka āwangawanga i te wā roa. Kei roto i ēnei te hiahia ki ngā pokanga maha i te wā tamariki, te tango rongoā mō te ora, te whai herenga mahi rānei. Heoi, me te tiaki hauora tika, ka taea e te nuinga o ngā tamariki te ora i te ora noa, kaha.

Ko te rongo pai ko te tautuhi me te maimoatanga wawe ka taea te aukati i te nuinga o ēnei hua kino. Kua pai ake ngā tikanga pokanga hou, ā, kua pai ake ngā hua mō ngā tamariki e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia.

Me pēhea te Tautuhi i te Pulmonary Atresia?

Ko te pulmonary atresia e tautuhihia ana i roto i ngā rā tuatahi o te ora ina whakaatu ngā pēpi i ngā tohu o te iti o te taumata hau. Ko tō taakuta tamariki te tuatahi ka whakarongo ki te ngākau o tō pēpi, ā, ka rongo pea i ngā oro rerekē e whakaatu ana i tetahi raruraru ngākau.

Ko te whakamātautau matua e whakamahia ana ki te tautuhi i te pulmonary atresia he echocardiogram, e whakamahi ana i ngā ngaru oro hei hanga i ngā pikitia nekehanga o te ngākau o tō pēpi. Ko tēnei whakamātautau kaore he mamae, ā, ka whakaatu ki ngā taakuta te hanganga o te ngākau me te rere o te toto i roto.

Ka tono pea tō taakuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau hei tiki i tetahi whakaahua o te ngākau o tō pēpi. Ka taea e te X-ray uma te whakaatu i te rahi me te ahua o te ngākau me ngā pūkahukahu. Ko te electrocardiogram (EKG) e ine ana i te mahi hiko o te ngākau, ā, ka taea te whakaatu mēnā kei te mahi uaua ake te ngākau i te noa.

I etahi wā, ka whakamahi ngā taakuta i te cardiac catheterization, kei reira he pūtau angiangi e whakauruhia ana ki te uaua toto, ā, e arahi ana ki te ngākau. Ka whakarato tēnei whakamātautau i ngā korero taipitopito mo te rere o te toto me te pehanga i roto i te ngākau, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei maimoatanga i te wā kotahi.

He aha te Maimoatanga mō te Pulmonary Atresia?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te pulmonary atresia tata tonu e hiahia ana ki te pokanga, engari ko te wā me te momo e whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhuatanga motuhake o tō pēpi me te kaha o ōna tohu. Ko te whāinga ko te hanga i tetahi huarahi mō te toto ki te tae atu ki ngā pūkahukahu, ā, kia whakarite tō tamaiti e whiwhi hau.

He maha ngā pēpi e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga tonu hei pupuri i a rātou. Ka hoatu pea e tō taakuta tetahi rongoā e kiia nei ko te prostaglandin E1 hei pupuri i ētahi uaua toto kia tuwhera. Ka awhina tēnei rongoā i te pupuri i te rere o te toto ki ngā pūkahukahu kia taea rawa te pokanga.

Ko te huarahi pokanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo pulmonary atresia o tō pēpi. Mō ngā pēpi e whai ana i te ruma matau nui, ko te whāinga o ngā taakuta ko te hanga i tetahi whakatikatika katoa e tuku ana i te ruma matau ki te pupuhi toto ki ngā pūkahukahu. Ka uru pea tenei ki te whakatuwhera i te pouaka kua kati, te kati rānei i ngā rua i waenganui i ngā ruma ngākau.

Mō ngā pēpi e whai ana i te ruma matau iti, ko te maimoatanga e whakauru ana i ngā pokanga maha e kiia nei ko te single ventricle palliation. Ka arahi ēnei tukanga i te rere o te toto kia mahi kotahi te ruma i te mahi o ngā rua, e karo ana i te ruma matau kāore i whānuitia.

He maha ngā tamariki ka hiahia ki ētahi atu tukanga i te wā e tipu ana. Ka hiahia pea ngā pouaka ngākau ki te whakakapi, ā, ka hiahia pea ngā uaua toto ki te whakatikatika, ki te whānui rānei. Ka tirotiro tata tō rōpū kaitātari ngākau i a rātou, ā, ka tūtohu i ngā maimoatanga e hiahiatia ana.

Me pēhea te Tuku i te Tiaki Kāinga i te Wā Maimoatanga?

Ko te tiaki i te pēpi e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia i te kāinga e hiahia ana ki te aro ki ōna hiahia motuhake, engari he rite te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga o te tiaki ki ētahi atu pēpi. Me titiro koe ki ngā tohu kaore tō pēpi e whiwhi hau, penei i te piki o te tae kikorangi, te uaua ki te kai, te ngenge rerekē rānei.

Ka roa pea te kai, ā, ka hiahia pea ki te manawanui. Ka ngenge pea tō pēpi i te wā e kai ana, no reira me hoatu pea e koe ngā kai iti ake, auau ake. Mēnā ka uaua te whakangā, ka taea e tō rōpū hauora te awhina i a koe ki te kimi i te huarahi kai pai rawa mō ngā hiahia o tō pēpi.

Pupuri i te taiao o tō pēpi kia mārama, kia kore e awangawanga. Ko te tangi nui, te ngangau rānei ka uaua ake te whiwhi hau. Ko ngā tikanga whakamarie ngawari, te pupuri rānei i te pāmahana pai ka awhina i te pupuri i tō pēpi.

Whai i tō mahere rongoā penei i te whakarite. He maha ngā pēpi e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia e hiahia ana ki ngā rongoā hei awhina i tō rātou ngākau ki te mahi pai ake, ki te aukati rānei i ngā toto toto. Kaua rawa e ngaro ngā rā, kaua e mutu ngā rongoā kaore i te kōrero ki tō taakuta.

He mea nui ngā whakatau whai muri auau. Ka hiahia tō pēpi ki ngā tirotiro auau me tōna kaitātari ngākau hei tirotiro i tōna āhuatanga, hei whakarite rānei i ngā maimoatanga o muri. Ka awhina ēnei haerenga ki te hopu i ngā huringa wawe, kia whakarite tō pēpi e tipu ana, e whānau ana i te pai.

Me pēhea te Whakarite mō tō Hui Taakuta?

I mua i tō hui, tuhia ētahi pātai, āwangawanga rānei kei a koe. He ngāwari te wareware i ngā pātai nui ina manukanuka koe mō tō pēpi, no reira ko te whai rārangi ka awhina i te whakarite ka whiwhi koe i ngā korero e hiahia ana koe.

Pupuri i tetahi rēkōta o ngā tohu o tō pēpi, tae atu ki te wā e puta mai ana, te kaha rānei. Tuhia ētahi huringa i ngā tauira kai, ngā taumata mahi, tae rānei. Ka awhina tēnei korero i tō taakuta ki te mōhio ki te pēhea te mahi o tō pēpi i waenganui i ngā haerenga.

Kawe mai he rārangi o ngā rongoā katoa e tangohia ana e tō pēpi, tae atu ki ngā horopeta me te wā. Kawe mai hoki ētahi hua whakamātautau o mua, ngā rēkōta rānei mai i ētahi atu taakuta. Mēnā ko tēnei te haerenga tuatahi ki tetahi tohunga hou, he mea nui rawa te whai i te hītori hauora katoa o tō pēpi.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i tetahi tangata tautoko ki te hui. Ko te whai i tetahi atu pakeke kei reira ka awhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā korero nui, ki te whakarato tautoko ngākau rānei i te wā ka taea te manukanuka.

Whakaritehia ngā pātai mahi mō te tiaki o ia rā o tō pēpi, penei i ngā aratohu kai, ngā herenga mahi, ngā tohu whakatūpato rānei hei titiro. Ko te mōhio ki ēnei korero ka awhina i a koe ki te whakapono ake ki te tiaki i tō pēpi i te kāinga.

He aha te Tango Matua mō te Pulmonary Atresia?

Ko te pulmonary atresia he āhuatanga ngākau nui e hiahia ana ki te aro hauora tere me te maimoatanga, engari me te tiaki ngākau hou, ka taea e te nuinga o ngā tamariki te ora i te ora roa, kaha. He mea nui te tautuhi me te maimoatanga wawe mō ngā hua pai rawa.

Ahakoa ko te haerenga ka uru pea ki ngā pokanga maha me te tiaki hauora haere tonu, ka tipu ake te nuinga o ngā tamariki e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia ki te whai wāhi ki ngā mahi tamariki noa, te haere ki te kura, te whai rānei i ō rātou moemoea. Ka mahi tahi tō rōpū hauora ki a koe hei hanga i te heke mai pai rawa mō tō tamaiti.

Kia mahara kaore koe i te kotahi i roto i tēnei haerenga. Kei roto i ngā rōpū kaitātari ngākau tamariki ngā tohunga e mōhio ana ki ngā āhuatanga hauora me ngā āhuatanga ngākau o te tiaki i ngā tamariki e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga ngākau. Ka taea hoki e ngā rōpū tautoko me ētahi atu whānau kua haere i tēnei huarahi te whakarato aratohu me te whakatenatena.

Ngā Pātai Auau e Pā ana ki te Pulmonary Atresia

Ka taea te kite i te pulmonary atresia i mua i te whānau?

Ae, ka taea te kite i te pulmonary atresia i etahi wā i ngā whakamātautau ultrasound prenata noa, i te nuinga i te wā rua o te hapu i te 18-22 wiki. Heoi, kaore ngā take katoa e kitea i mua i te whānau, ā, ka tautuhihia ētahi pēpi i muri i te whakaatu i ngā tohu i muri i te whānau. Mēnā ka kitea i mua i te whānau, ka tohutohu tō taakuta ki te kaitātari ngākau tamariki, ā, ka awhina i a koe ki te whakarite mō te whānau i tetahi hōhipera e whakarite ana ki te whakahaere i ngā hiahia tonu o tō pēpi.

Ka taea e taku tamaiti te takaro hākinakina me te mahi tinana noa?

Ka taea e te nuinga o ngā tamariki e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia te whai wāhi ki ngā mahi tinana, engari ko te taumata o te mahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō rātou mahi ngākau motuhake me ngā hua pokanga. Ka arotake tō kaitātari ngākau i te mahi ngākau o tō tamaiti auau, ā, ka whakarato i ngā aratohu motuhake mo te mahi tinana me te whai wāhi hākinakina. He iti pea ngā herenga o ētahi tamariki, ā, me karo pea ētahi i ngā mahi kaha rawa. Ko te matua ko te mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora ki te kimi i te taurite tika o te mahi mō te āhuatanga motuhake o tō tamaiti.

E hia ngā pokanga e hiahia ana taku tamaiti?

He rerekē te maha o ngā pokanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo pulmonary atresia me te pai o te whakautu o tō tamaiti ki te maimoatanga. He iti pea ngā tukanga e rua anake o ētahi tamariki e whai ana i te hanganga pai, ā, he maha pea ngā pokanga e hiahiatia ana e ētahi atu i te wā tamariki, tae atu ki te pakeketanga. Ka kōrero tō rōpū pokanga i te mahere maimoatanga pea mō te āhuatanga motuhake o tō tamaiti, ahakoa ka rereke pea ngā mahere i te wā e tipu ana tō tamaiti, e whānau ana rānei ōna hiahia.

He aha te tirohanga roa mō ngā tamariki e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia?

Kua pai ake te tirohanga roa i ngā tekau tau kua pahure na te whakapai ake o ngā tikanga pokanga me te tiaki hauora. Ka tipu ake te nuinga o ngā tamariki e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia ki te ora i te ora noa, te haere ki te kura, te mahi, te whai whānau rānei. Heoi, ko te nuinga ka hiahia ki te whai muri ngākau mō te ora, ā, ka hiahia pea ki ētahi atu tukanga hei pakeke. Ko te poroporoaki motuhake o tō tamaiti e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā take maha, tae atu ki te momo pulmonary atresia, te angitu o ōna pokanga, me tōna hauora katoa.

Ka pā pea tēnei āhuatanga ki ngā hapu o muri?

Mēnā he tamaiti tētahi e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia, ko tō tūponotanga o te whānau i tetahi atu tamaiti e whai ana i te mate ngākau whānau he iti ake i te noa, engari he iti tonu. Ko te nuinga o ngā whānau e whai ana i tētahi tamaiti e whai ana i te pulmonary atresia ka haere tonu ki te whai i ētahi atu tamariki e hauora ana ngā ngākau. Ka tūtohu pea tō taakuta ki te tohutohu ira hei awhina i a koe ki te mōhio ki ō tūponotanga motuhake, ki te kōrero rānei i ngā kōwhiringa penei i te tirotiro prenata pai ake i ngā hapu o muri.