He aha te Tetani? Ngā Tohutohu, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te tetani tētahi mate huaketo nui e pā ana ki tō pūnaha io, ā, ka puta mai ngā uaua mamae puta noa i tō tinana. E noho ana ngā huaketo e pā ana ki te tetani i te oneone, te puehu, me ngā paru kararehe, ā, ka taea e rātou te tomo ki roto i tō tinana mā ngā kotinga, ngā whara, me ngā rua i tō kiri.

Ahakoa ka rongo pea koe i te wehi ki te tetani, ka taea te aukati katoa mā te whakakakahu tika. Mā te mārama ki te mahi me ngā mea hei titiro atu, ka taea e koe te tiaki i a koe ano, ā, ka mōhio hoki koe ki te wa hei kimi atu i te rongoā.

He aha te tetani?

Ka puta te tetani ina tomo ngā huaketo e kiia nei ko te Clostridium tetani ki roto i tō tinana mā te whara, ā, ka whakaputa i te taero kaha. Ka whakaeke tēnei taero i tō pūnaha io, ā, ka āta whakaaro ki ngā io e whakahaere ana i ō uaua.

Ka tupu ngā huaketo i ngā taiao kahore he hau, koia te take he tino tūkino ngā whara hohonu. Kia tae atu ki roto i tō tinana, ka tukuna e rātou ngā taero e whakaohooho ana i ō uaua kia whakakōkō kahore he mana.

Ka whiwhi te mate i tōna ingoa whakaahua ‘lockjaw’ (uaua te kauae) no te mea ka tino whakaohooho ngā uaua o tō kauae me tō kaki. Heoi, ka taea e te tetani te pā ki ngā uaua puta noa i tō tinana, ā, ka meinga hei mate āwangawanga hauora e hiahia ana ki te rongoā wawe.

He aha ngā tohu o te tetani?

Ka puta ngā tohu o te tetani i waenga i te 3 ki te 21 rā i muri i te mate, ahakoa ka puta mai i te kotahi rā ki ngā marama maha i muri mai. Ka tere ake te puta mai o ngā tohu ina tata te whara ki tō pūnaha io matua.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu matua ka pā pea ki a koe, mā te tīmata ki ngā mea tino noa:

• Te uaua o te kauae me te uaua ki te whakatuwhera i tō waha (lockjaw)
• Ngā uaua whakakōkō i tō kaki, ka uaua ai te horomi
• Te uaua o ngā uaua o tō kopu
• Ngā uaua mamae puta noa i tō tinana e taea ana te roa mo ngā meneti maha
• Te kirika me te werawera
• Te toto teitei me te tere o te ngakau
• Te mamae o te mahunga me te riri

Ka taea te whakaohooho i ngā uaua whakakōkō mā ngā whakaohooho iti penei i ngā haruru nui, ngā mārama mārama, ā, ahakoa he pa ngawari. He tino mamae ngā whakakōkō nei, ā, ka kaha ki te whati i ngā wheua i ngā take kino.

I etahi wā, ka whanake etahi tangata i te tetani rohe, kei reira ngā uaua whakakōkō e puta ana i te taha o te whara. He iti ake te kino o tēnei momo, ā, he pai ake te tirohanga i te tetani whānui.

He aha ngā take o te tetani?

Ko te huaketo Clostridium tetani te take o te tetani, e kitea ana i te oneone, te puehu, ngā paru kararehe, me ngā papa rino kē. Ka hanga ēnei huaketo i ngā purapura e ora ana i ngā āhuatanga kino mo ngā tau.

Ka taea e ngā huaketo te tomo ki roto i tō tinana mā ngā momo whara me ngā whara:

• Ngā whara hohonu mai i ngā mātua, ngā ngira, me ngā wahi rakau
• Ngā kotinga mai i ngā mea paru, kē ranei
• Ngā tahunga, ina koa ētahi kua paru ranei kua paru
• Ngā whara pakaru kei reira ngā kiko kua pakaru
• Ngā ngau kararehe, ngā karawarawa ranei
• Ngā whara pokanga e pangia ana e te mate
• Ngā mate niho, ngā mahi niho ranei
• Te whakamahinga tarukino whakauru ki ngā ngira paru

Ko te mea nui ko ēnei huaketo e hiahia ana ki te taiao kahore he hau hei tupu me te whakaputa i ngā taero. Koia te take he tino kino ngā whara hohonu, ngā whara pakuiti hoki, no te mea ka hanga e rātou ngā āhuatanga pai mō ngā huaketo tetani hei tupu.

He mea tika te kī kaore e taea te horapa o te tetani i te tangata ki te tangata. Ka taea noa e koe te whiwhi ina tomo ngā huaketo ki roto i tō tinana tika mā te whara, te pakaru ranei o tō kiri.

Nōhea koe e kite ai i te taote mō te tetani?

Me kimi wawe koe i te tiaki hauora mena kei a koe tētahi whara e taea ai te tomo o ngā huaketo tetani ki roto i tō tinana, ina koa ki te kore koe e tino mohio ki tō tūāhua whakakakahu. Kaua e tatari kia puta mai ngā tohu, no te mea ka taea te aukati i te tetani mena ka tukatukahia wawe i muri i te whakamahinga.

Whakapa atu ki tō kaiwhakarongo hauora inaianei mena kei a koe:

• He whara hohonu, ina koa mai i te mea paru, kē ranei
• Tētahi whara kua paru, oneone ranei, paru kararehe ranei
• He tahunga kua whakaatuhia ki te mea paru
• He ngau kararehe, he karawarawa ranei
• Tētahi whara mena kua neke atu i te 5-10 tau to whakakotinga tetani whakamutunga

Rapua te tiaki hauora āwangawanga inaianei mena ka pā ki a koe ngā tohu o te tetani, penei i te uaua o te kauae, te uaua ki te horomi, ngā uaua whakakōkō ranei. Ka taea e te maimoatanga wawe te whakaora i te ora, ā, ka āwhina i te aukati i ngā raruraru kino.

Kia mahara, he pai tonu te tupato ki te tiaki whara. Ahakoa ngā kotinga iti ka taea te arahi ki te tetani mena kua paru, ā, kāore koe i te whakakakahu tika.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te tetani?

Ko tō morearea o te whanaketanga o te tetani e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō tūāhua whakakakahu me te momo whara kei a koe. Ko ngā tāngata kāore i whakakakahu, kāore rānei i whiwhi i ngā whakakotinga whakahou hou, te tino morearea.

He maha ngā take ka piki ake tō tūāhua ki te whiwhi i te tetani:

• Kāore i whakakakahu ki te tetani, kāore rānei i te whakakakahu katoa
• Kāore i whiwhi i ngā whakakotinga whakahou tetani ia 10 tau
• Neke atu i te 60 tau te pakeke, no te mea ka heke te ātete i te pakeke
• He mate huka, ka pā ki te whakaora whara me te whakautu ātete
• Te mahi i te mahi ahuwhenua, te hangahanga, ētahi mahi ranei e pā ana ki te oneone
• Te whakamahinga tarukino whakauru, ina koa ki ngā ngira whakawhiti, paru ranei
• Te noho i ngā wāhi he iti te horoi, iti ranei te uru atu ki te hauora

Ka taea hoki e ētahi āhuatanga hauora te piki ake i tō morearea. Kaore pea ngā tāngata he pūnaha ātete ngoikore e whakautu pai ana ki te whakakakahu, ka ngaro ranei te ātete tere atu i ngā tāngata hauora.

Ko ngā wāhine hapu kāore i whakakakahu he morearea atu, no te mea ka taea e te tetani te pā ki te whaea me te pēpi. Heoi, ka taea e te whakakakahu i te wa e hapu ana te tiaki i ngā pēpi mo ō rā tuatahi.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te tetani?

Ka taea e te tetani te arahi ki ngā raruraru kino, ngā mate kino ranei mena kaore i te tukatuka wawe me te tika. Ko te kino o ngā raruraru e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga me te pai o te whakautu o tō tinana ki te rongoā.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru tino noa me ngā kino:

• Te kore o te manawa na te whakakōkō i ngā uaua manawa
• Ngā rereketanga o te ngakau me te kore o te hauora o te ngakau
• Ngā wheua whati mai i ngā uaua whakakōkō kino
• Ngā toto whati i roto i ngā ngā paru, i ngā waewae ranei
• Te mate huha mai i te uaua ki te horomi me te manawa
• Ngā wāhanga toto teitei kino
• Te kore o te whatukuhu mai i ngā hua o te whati o ngā uaua

I etahi wā, ka taea e ngā uaua whakakōkō roa te whakarahi i te kino o ngā uaua, o ngā io ranei. Ka pā pea etahi ki te uaua roa, te ngoikore ranei ahakoa i muri i te ora.

Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka ora katoa mai i te tetani mā te tiaki hauora tika. Heoi, ka roa te tukanga ora mai i ngā wiki ki ngā marama, ā, ka hiahia pea etahi ki te whakaora whānui hei whakahoki i te mahi katoa.

Me pēhea te aukati i te tetani?

Ka taea te aukati katoa i te tetani mā te whakakakahu, ā, ko tētahi o ngā tauira angitu rawa atu o te aukati mate i roto i te rongoā hou. He haumaru, he whai hua te whakakakahu tetani, ā, ka homai te tiaki roa ina hoatu kia rite ki ngā kaupapa e tūtohutia ana.

Koinei te huarahi ka taea e koe te tiaki i a koe me tō whānau:

• Whiwhi i te raupapa whakakakahu tetani katoa kia rite ki te tohutohu a tō kaiwhakarongo hauora
• Whiwhi i ngā whakakotinga whakahou tetani ia 10 tau puta noa i tō oranga
• Horoi katoa ngā whara ki te haupapa me te wai tonu
• Rapua te tiaki hauora mō ngā whara hohonu, paru ranei
• Whakamahia ngā taputapu haumaru tika ina mahi me ngā taputapu, i te oneone ranei
• Kia ma tō taiao noho, kia pai hoki te horoi

Me whiwhi ngā wāhine hapu i te whakakakahu Tdap (e tiaki ana i te tetani, te diphtheria, me te pertussis) i ia haputanga. Kāore i te tiaki noa i te whaea, engari ka homai hoki ngā antibody ki te pēpi mō ngā marama maha.

Ko te tiaki whara tika tō raina tuarua o te tiaki. Ahakoa te whakakakahu, ko te horoi wawe me te tika o ngā whara ka āwhina i te aukati i ngā huaketo mai i te whakatū i te mate.

Me pēhea te whakatau o te tetani?

Ka whakatau ngā taote i te tetani mā ngā tohu me te hītori hauora, no te mea kāore he whakamātau toto motuhake e taea ai te whakau wawe i te mate. Ka ui tō kaiwhakarongo hauora mō ngā whara hou, ngā whara, me tō hītori whakakakahu.

Ko te whakatau i te nuinga o ngā kaupae. Tuatahi, ka mahi tō taote i te tirotiro tinana, ka titiro ki ngā uaua uaua me ngā whakakōkō e whakamārama ana i te tetani. Ka āta aro ratou ki tō kaha ki te whakatuwhera i tō waha me te horomi.

Ka taea hoki e tō rōpū hauora te whakahaere i ētahi whakamātau tautoko. Ka taea e ngā whakamātau toto te tirotiro i ngā tohu o te mate, te tirotiro ranei i te whakautu o tō tinana ki te maimoatanga. I etahi wā, ka tango pea ratou i ngā tauira mai i te whara hei ngana ki te tautuhi i ngā huaketo tetani, ahakoa kāore i te angitu tonu tēnei.

I etahi wā ka whakamahi ngā taote i te whakamātau e kiia nei ko te ‘whakamātau spatula’, kei reira te pa atu o te taha o tō korokoro ki tetahi arero. I roto i te tetani, ka tino pā tēnei ki ō uaua kauae ki te ngau i te spatula, kāore i te whakaohooho i te whakautu gag noa.

He mea nui te whakatau wawe no te mea ka taea te pohehe i ngā tohu tetani ki ētahi atu āhuatanga penei i te meningitis, ngā whakautu tarukino ranei. Ko te wheako o tō taote me te hītori taipitopito o ō mahi hou me ngā whara ka āwhina i te whakatū i te whakatau tika me te maimoatanga wawe.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te tetani?

Ko te maimoatanga tetani e aro ana ki te whakakore i te taero, te whakahaere i ngā tohu, me te tautoko i tō tinana i te wa e ora ana. Ko te maimoatanga e hiahia ana ki te noho haumanu, i te waahanga tiaki matua ranei kei reira ngā kaimahi hauora e āta tirotiro ana i tō āhuatanga.

Ka whakamahi tō rōpū hauora i ngā huarahi maha hei whakaora i te tetani:

• Te immune globulin tetani (TIG) hei whakakore i ngā taero kāore ano kia hono ki ngā kiko io
• Ngā rongoā penei i te metronidazole hei whakamate i ngā huaketo e toe ana
• Ngā rongoā hei whakahaere i ngā uaua whakakōkō me ngā hopu
• Te horoi whara me te tango pokanga o ngā kiko mate mena e hiahiatia ana
• Te tiaki tautoko tae atu ki te awhina manawa me te tautoko kai
• Te whakakakahu tetani hei aukati i ngā mate i muri mai

Ko te whakahaere i ngā uaua whakakōkō te wahanga tino uaua o te maimoatanga. Ka taea e tō rōpū hauora te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakangawari uaua, ngā kaiwhakamāori, i ngā take kino ranei, ngā rongoā e whakangawari ana i ngā uaua i te wa e whakarato ana i te tautoko manawa miihini.

Ka roa te ora mai i ngā wiki ki ngā marama, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kino o tō take. I tenei wā, ka hiahia koe ki te tiaki whānui tae atu ki te rongoā tinana hei awhina i te whakahoki i te mahi uaua me te aukati i ngā raruraru mai i te takoto roa.

Ko te rongo pai ko te ora mai i te tetani ka iti te ātete taiao, na reira he mea nui tonu te whakakakahu ahakoa i muri i te ora. Ka whakarite tō taote kia whiwhi koe i te whakakakahu tika i mua i te wehe atu i te hohipera.

Me pēhea te tiaki i a koe ano i te kāinga i te wa e ora ana i te tetani?

He iti te tiaki kāinga mō te tetani no te mea e hiahia ana te mate ki te maimoatanga hauora nui i roto i te taiao hohipera. Heoi, kia whakatau tō taote he haumaru te haere ki te kāinga, he kaupae nui hei awhina i tō ora.

I te wa e ora ana koe i te kāinga, arotahi ki ēnei wāhi matua:

• Tangohia ngā rongoā kua tohua katoa kia rite ki te tohutohu, ina koa ngā kaiwhakangawari uaua
• Whai i ō mahi rongoā tinana hei whakahoki i te kaha me te nekehanga
• Kai kai hauora hei awhina i tō tinana ki te ora me te hanga ano i ngā kiko uaua
• Whiwhi i te okioki nui, kia kaua hoki e whakaohooho nui mai i ngā mārama mārama, ngā haruru nui ranei
• Kia mau ki ngā hui whakarite me tō rōpū hauora
• Tirohia ngā tohu o ngā raruraru, kia mōhio hoki ki te wa hei kimi atu i te awhina

Me mārama, me mārie hoki tō taiao ora, no te mea ka taea tonu e ngā haruru nui, ngā nekehanga ohorere ranei te whakaohooho i ngā uaua whakakōkō i ētahi tāngata. Me mārama ngā mema whānau me ngā kaiāwhina ki ēnei mea, ā, me āwhina te hanga i te wāhi mārie mō te ora.

He mea noa te ngoikore me te ngenge mo ngā wiki, ngā marama ranei i muri i te tetani. Kia manawanui ki a koe, ā, kaua e hohoro te hoki ki ngā mahi noa. Ka ārahi tō kaiwhakarongo hauora i a koe ki te wa e haumaru ana te hoki ki te mahi, te taraiwa, ētahi atu mahi noa ranei.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui taote?

Mena kei te manukanuka koe mō te whakamahinga tetani, kei te pā ranei ngā tohu, ko te whakarite mō tō haerenga ki te taote ka āwhina i te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te tiaki pai rawa atu. Maua ngā korero nui hei awhina i tō kaiwhakarongo hauora ki te mahi i te aromatawai tika.

I mua i tō hui, kohikohia ēnei korero nui:

• Ngā kōrero mō ngā whara hou, ngā kotinga, ngā whara ranei, tae atu ki te wā me te āhua o te puta mai

Tō hītori whakakakahu, ina koa te wā i whiwhi ai koe i te whakakotinga tetani whakamutunga

Te rārangi o ngā rongoā o nāianei me ētahi mate pāwera kei a koe

Ngā korero mō ō tohu, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou me te āhua o te huri

Ngā whakaahua o ētahi whara mena e taea ana

Ngā pūrongo e hiahia ana koe ki te ui ki tō kaiwhakarongo hauora

Tuhia ō tohu ki te taipitopito, tae atu ki te aha te whakaohooho i a rātou me te aha te whakapai ake, te kino ranei i a rātou. Mena kei te puta ngā uaua whakakōkō, kia tuhia te maha o te puta mai me te roa o te roa.

Kaua e whakaroa ki te kimi i te tiaki āwangawanga i te tatari mō te hui whakarite mena kei te pā ki a koe ngā tohu kino penei i te uaua ki te horomi, ngā raruraru manawa, ngā uaua whakakōkō whānui ranei. E hiahia ana ēnei āhuatanga ki te tiaki hauora wawe.

Kia mahara, ka pai ake ngā kaiwhakarongo hauora ki te kite i a koe mō te whakamahinga tetani pea e kore e kino, i te ngaro ranei i te wā hei aukati i tēnei mate kino.

He aha te mea nui mō te tetani?

Ko te mea nui hei mahara mō te tetani ko te aukati katoa mā te whakakakahu. Ahakoa ka taea e te tetani te mate kino, te mate kino ranei, ko te noho tonu ki ō whakakotinga tetani ka homai te tiaki pai.

Kia whakarite koe me ō mema whānau kia whiwhi i ngā whakakotinga whakahou tetani ia 10 tau. Mena kaore e taea e koe te mahara ki te wā i whiwhi ai koe i te whakakotinga tetani whakamutunga, he pai ake te whakakakahu i te morearea. He haumaru, he whai hua te whakakakahu mō ngā tāngata o ngā tau katoa.

Ina puta mai ngā whara, ko te tiaki whara tika tō raina tuarua o te tiaki. Horoi katoa ngā kotinga me ngā rua, ā, kaua e whakaroa ki te kimi i te tiaki hauora mō ngā whara hohonu, paru ranei, ngā mea kē ranei. Ka taea e te maimoatanga wawe i muri i te whakamahinga pea te aukati i te tetani mai i te whanaketanga.

Kia mahara kei te noho ngā huaketo tetani puta noa i to tatou taiao, engari kāore koe e hiahia ki te noho i roto i te wehi. Mā te whakakakahu tika me ngā mahi tiaki whara pai, ka taea e koe te haere tonu i ō mahi o ia rā me te whakawhirinaki, mā te mōhio kei te tiakina koe i tēnei mate ka taea te aukati.

Ngā pūrongo e ui pinepinetia ana mō te tetani

Ka taea te whiwhi tetani mai i te kotinga iti, te karawarawa ranei?

Ae, ka taea te whanaketanga o te tetani mai i tetahi whara e taea ai te tomo o ngā huaketo ki roto i tō tinana, tae atu ki ngā kotinga iti me ngā karawarawa. Heoi, he nui ake te morearea o ngā whara hohonu na te mea ka hanga e rātou ngā taiao kahore he hau kei reira ngā huaketo tetani e tupu ana. Ko ngā take matua ko te paru ranei te paru o te whara me tō tūāhua whakakakahu. Me horoi tika ngā whara iti, me whakaaro hoki koe ki te aromatawai hauora mena kaore koe e tino mohio ki tō ātete tetani.

E pehea te roa o te ātete tetani i muri i te whakakakahu?

Ko te ātete tetani mai i te whakakakahu e roa ana mo te 10 tau, koia te take e tūtohutia ana ngā whakakotinga whakahou ia tekau tau. Heoi, ka rerekē te ātete i waenga i ngā tāngata, ā, ka roa ake pea te tiaki o ētahi, he poto ake ranei. Mena ka whiwhi koe i te whara e whakatū ana i a koe ki te morearea nui mō te tetani, ā, kua neke atu i te 5 tau mai i tō whakakotinga whakamutunga, ka tūtohu pea tō taote i te whakahou wawe ake. Ka homai e te whakakakahu te tiaki pai ina hoatu kia rite ki ngā kaupapa e tūtohutia ana.

He mea pea te whiwhi tetani rua?

Ae, ka taea e koe te whiwhi tetani neke atu i te kotahi wa no te mea kāore te mate i te homai i te ātete taiao roa. Ko te nui o te taero tetani e hiahiatia ana hei whakaohooho i te mate he iti rawa ki te whakaohooho i te whakautu ātete kaha e tiaki ai koe i te heke mai. Koia te take he mea nui tonu te whakakakahu ahakoa i muri i te ora mai i te tetani. Ka whakarite tō kaiwhakarongo hauora kia whiwhi koe i te whakakakahu tika hei wāhanga o tō maimoatanga me tō mahere ora.

Ka taea e te tetani te pā ki ngā kararehe me ētahi atu kararehe?

Ae, ka taea e te tetani te pā ki ngā kararehe maha, tae atu ki ngā kuri, ngā ngeru, ngā hoiho, me ngā kararehe. Heoi, he maha ngā kararehe penei i ngā manu me ngā kararehe totohu e ātete ana ki te taero tetani. Ka taea te whakakakahu i ngā kararehe ki te tetani, ā, ka whakauruhia e ngā tākuta kararehe ki ngā kaupapa whakakakahu noa. Mena kei a tō kararehe he whara e taea ai te whakaatu ki ngā huaketo tetani, whakapa atu ki tō tākuta kararehe mō ngā tohutohu mō te tiaki whara me ngā hiahia whakakakahu.

Me aha koe mena ka taka koe ki te mātua kē?

Mena ka taka koe ki te mātua kē, kimi wawe i te tiaki hauora, ina koa ki te kua neke atu i te 5 tau mai i tō whakakotinga tetani whakamutunga. Tuatahi, horoi tika te whara ki te haupapa me te wai, whakamahia te pehanga hei whakahaere i te toto, ā, hipoki ki te tāpare ma. Kaua e tango i te mea mena kei te whakauruhia tonu ki roto i tō waewae. Kāore te kē i te take o te tetani, engari he maha ngā mea kē kua paru ki te oneone me te paru e taea ana te whakauru i ngā huaketo tetani. Ka aromatawai tō kaiwhakarongo hauora i te whara, ka whakatau ranei mena e hiahia ana koe ki te whakahou tetani, ki ētahi atu maimoatanga ranei.