He aha te mate pukupuku korokoro? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ka puta te mate pukupuku korokoro ina tipu ke nga pūtau i roto i tō korokoro ka hanga hei mate pukupuku. Ka pā tēnei āhuatanga ki te pouaka reo, ki ngā aho reo, ki ētahi atu wāhanga o tō korokoro, ā, ahakoa he wehi te ahua, kua pai ake te hua o te kite wawe me ngā maimoatanga hou mō te tini o te iwi.

He mahi nui tō korokoro i te manawa, te horomi, me te kōrero. Ina puta te mate pukupuku i konei, ka pā pea ki ēnei mahi nui, engari ko te mārama ki ngā tohu me te rapu āwhina wawe ka tino whakarereke i tō haerenga maimoatanga.

He aha te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ko te mate pukupuku korokoro tētahi momo mate pukupuku o te matenga me te kaki e tīmata ana i ngā pūtau e taupoki ana i tō korokoro. Ko tō korokoro, ko te pharynx te ingoa rongoā, ko te pūkaha e rere ana i muri i tō ihu ki raro ki tō kaki.

Ka taea e tēnei mate pukupuku te whanake i ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō korokoro. Ko ngā momo tino noa ka pā ki te pouaka reo (larynx) te wāhi kei runga ake i reira. Ka iti te noa, ka taea te tīmata i te korokoro o runga tata ki ō tonsils, te muri o tō arero.

Ko te rongo pai, ko te mate pukupuku korokoro, ina kite wawe, ka tino pai te whakautu ki te maimoatanga. He tokomaha te iwi e ora tonu ana, e ora hauora ana i muri i te maimoatanga angitu, ina koa ka kitea te mate pukupuku i mua i te horapa ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

He aha ngā momo mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ko te mate pukupuku korokoro e whakarōpūtia ana i runga i te wāhi e tīmata ana i tō korokoro. Ko ngā kāwai matua e rua e āwhina ana i ngā tākuta ki te whakatau i te huarahi maimoatanga pai mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Ka whanake te mate pukupuku pharynx i te pharynx, arā, te pūkaha kōhū e tīmata ana i muri i tō ihu ka horapa ki te tihi o tō pū manawa. Kei roto i tēnei momo ngā mate pukupuku o te nasopharynx (korokoro o runga), oropharynx (korokoro waenganui tae atu ki ngā tonsils), me te hypopharynx (korokoro raro).

Ka hanga te mate pukupuku larynx i te larynx, e mohiotia ana ko tō pouaka reo. Koinei te wāhi kei ngā aho reo, koia te take i te maha o ngā huringa reo te tohu wawe o tēnei momo mate pukupuku korokoro.

I roto i ēnei kāwai matua, ka whakarōpūtia hoki e ngā tākuta te mate pukupuku korokoro i te momo pūtau motuhake e pā ana. Ko te squamous cell carcinoma te 90% o ngā mate pukupuku korokoro, ka tīmata i ngā pūtau angiangi, papatahi e taupoki ana i roto i tō korokoro.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ka taea e ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku korokoro te ngāwari i te tīmatanga, ka rite pea ki ngā raruraru korokoro noa. He tokomaha te iwi e whakaaro he mate huka ranei he mate pāwera, he tino mārama.

Koinei ngā tohu tino noa ka kite koe:

• Te reo ngāwari ranei ngā huringa reo e roa atu ana i te rua wiki
• Te korokoro mamae e kore e pai ake me ngā rongoā noa
• Te raruraru ranei te mamae i te wa e horomi ana
• Te pūngāwerewere ranei te mea nui ka taea te kite i tō kaki
• Te hūhae roa, i etahi wa he toto
• Te mamae taringa e kore e rite ki te mate taringa
• Te ngaro taimaha e kore e whakamārama
• Te manawa kino roa e kore e noa ki a koe

Ko ngā tohu iti ake pea ko te raruraru o te manawa, te āhua kei te mau tetahi mea i roto i tō korokoro, te ngawari ranei o tō waha, o tō korokoro. Ka puta pea ēnei tohu i te wa roa, ka haere mai, ka haere atu i te tīmatanga.

He mea nui kia mahara ko te whai i ēnei tohu kaore e tikanga kei a koe te mate pukupuku korokoro. He maha ngā āhuatanga ka puta mai ngā tohu rite, tae atu ki te mate waikura, te mate pāwera, te mate huka ranei.

Heoi, ki te roa atu i te rua wiki ngā tohu, he pai kia kōrero ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora.

He aha ngā take o te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ka puta te mate pukupuku korokoro ina puta ngā huringa ira ki ngā pūtau i roto i tō korokoro ka tipu haere. Ahakoa kaore tatou e tino mohio he aha te take, kua kitea e ngā kairangahau etahi take ka piki ake tō tūponotanga.

Ko ngā take me ngā take tūponotanga matua ko:

• Te whakamahinga taakaha i roto i tetahi ahua, tae atu ki ngā hikareti, ngā kōpaki, ngā paipa, me te taakaha kore-paua
• Te inu waipiro nui, ina koa ka whakakotahitia ki te whakamahinga taakaha
• Te mate huaketo Human papillomavirus (HPV), ina koa ko te HPV-16 me te HPV-18
• Te mate Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) e pā ana ki te mamae waikura roa
• Te kai kino, ina koa ngā kai iti i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua
• Te whakamahinga ki ētahi matū ranei i te wāhi mahi
• Te rongoā radiation o mua ki te rohe o te matenga, o te kaki ranei

He mahi anō te tau, no te mea he tino noa te mate pukupuku korokoro ki ngā tāngata neke atu i te 50. He nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā tāne ki te whanake i te mate pukupuku korokoro i ngā wāhine, ahakoa kei te whakaiti tēnei wehenga i te mea kua huri ngā tauira whakamahinga taakaha i ngā tekau tau.

I te kōrero atu, he mea tika kia mōhio kei etahi tāngata e whanake ana i te mate pukupuku korokoro kaore he take tūponotanga e mohiotia ana. Ko ngā mate pukupuku korokoro e pā ana ki te HPV, ina koa, ka taea te puta i ngā tāngata kaore e pā te taakaha, te inu waipiro nui ranei, ā, kei te piki ēnei take i ngā tāne taitamariki.

Nō hea te haere ki te taakuta mō ngā tohu mate pukupuku korokoro?

Me whakaaro koe ki te haere ki tō taakuta ki te mea he tohu korokoro roa kei a koe e roa atu ana i te rua wiki. Ahakoa ko te nuinga o ngā raruraru korokoro ehara i te mate pukupuku, he pai tonu te tirotiro me te whai i te rangimarie o te ngākau.

Whakatau he wā whakarite ina kite koe i te reo ngāwari e kore e pai ake, ina koa ki te kore koe e mate huka, mate rewharewha ranei. Ko ngā huringa reo tetahi o ngā tohu wawe o te mate pukupuku korokoro, ina koa ki te mau tonu kaore he take mārama.

Rapua te awhina hauora i mua atu ki te pāngia koe e te raruraru o te horomi, te ngaro taimaha e kore e whakamārama, te kite ranei i te pūngāwerewere i tō kaki. Ko ēnei tohu e tika ana kia arotaketia ahakoa kua neke atu i te rua wiki.

Kaua e whakaroa ki te whakapiri atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki te pāngia koe e te mamae taringa e kore e rite ki te mate taringa, te manawa kino roa e kore e noa ki a koe, te hūhae toto ranei. Ahakoa he maha ngā whakamārama mō ēnei tohu, e tika ana kia whakarongohia e te hauora.

He aha ngā take tūponotanga mō te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ko te mārama ki ngā take tūponotanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau whakamārama mō tō hauora. Ko te whai i tetahi take tūponotanga ranei kaore e tikanga ka whanake koe i te mate pukupuku korokoro, engari ka piki pea tō tūponotanga.

Ko ngā take tūponotanga tino nui ko:

• Te whakamahinga taakaha i roto i tetahi momo, e piki ake ana te tūponotanga ki te 5-10 wā
• Te inu waipiro nui, ina koa neke atu i te 3-4 inu ia rā
• Te mate HPV, kei te whakahaere inaianei i te 70% o ngā mate pukupuku oropharyngeal
• Ko te tane me te neke atu i te 50 tau
• Te whai i te GERD, te waikura waipiro ranei
• Te horoi waha kino ranei te hauora niho
• Te whakamahinga mahi ki te asbestos, te puehu rakau, etahi atu matū ranei
• Te kai iti i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua

Ko etahi atu take tūponotanga iti ake ko te whai i te pūnaha ārai mate kua pakaru, te mate pukupuku matenga me te kaki o mua, etahi āhuatanga ira ranei. Ko te hītori whānau o ngā mate pukupuku matenga me te kaki ka piki pea tō tūponotanga.

Ko te rongo pai, ko te nuinga o ēnei take tūponotanga kei roto i tō mana. Ko te mutu i te taakaha, te whakaiti i te inu waipiro, me te pupuri i te horoi waha pai ka taea te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te mate pukupuku korokoro.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ka taea e te mate pukupuku korokoro te arahi ki ētahi atu raruraru, mai i te mate pukupuku anō, i te maimoatanga ranei. Ko te mārama ki ēnei wāhi pea ka āwhina i a koe me tō rōpū hauora ki te whakarite i te huarahi pai mō tō tiaki.

Ko ngā raruraru tino wawe e pā ana ki te wāhi o te mate pukupuku:

• Te raruraru o te horomi (dysphagia), ka arahi pea ki te ngaro taimaha me te kore kai
• Ngā raruraru manawa ki te aukati te mate pukupuku i tō ara manawa
• Ngā huringa reo te ngaro reo katoa
• Te mamae roa i te korokoro, te kaki, ngā taringa ranei
• Te horapa o te mate pukupuku ki ngā pūngāwerewere tata atu ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana

Ko ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te maimoatanga ka uru atu ki ngā huringa wawe, roa ranei ki tō reo, te raruraru o te horomi, te waha maroke, ngā huringa reka ranei. Ko etahi tāngata pea ka hiahia ki ngā pūkaha kai wawe, roa ranei ki te tino raruraru te horomi.

Ka iti te noa, ka taea e te mate pukupuku korokoro matatau te arahi ki ngā raruraru manawa nui e hiahia ana ki te awhina wawe. Koia te take i te nui o te kite wawe me te maimoatanga hei aukati i ēnei raruraru nui ake.

Ka mahi ngātahi tō rōpū hauora ki a koe hei whakahaere i ngā raruraru e puta mai ana, hei āwhina i te pupuri i tō kounga ora i te wa o te maimoatanga me te ora.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ko te whakatau i te mate pukupuku korokoro e tīmata ana i tō taakuta e tirotiro ana i tō korokoro me tō kaki. Ka rapu rātou i ngā āhuatanga kino e kitea ana, ka kite i ngā pūngāwerewere, ngā pūngāwerewere pupū ranei i tō kaki.

Ki te whakaaro tō taakuta he mate pukupuku korokoro, ka tuku pea rātou ki te tohunga taringa, ihu, me te korokoro (ENT). Ka taea e tēnei tohunga te whakamahi i te pūkaha angiangi, ngawari me te kamera e kiia nei he endoscope hei titiro pai ake ki tō korokoro me tō pouaka reo.

Ko te whakatau tino ka puta mai i te biopsy, kei hea ka tangohia he tauira iti o te kiko ka tirotirohia i raro i te microscope. Ka taea te mahi i tēnei mahi i roto i te tari o te taakuta mā te whakamahi i te rongoā rohe hei pupuri i a koe i te māhainga.

Ki te whakau te mate pukupuku, ka āwhina ngā whakamātautau atu ki te whakatau i te wā me te whānuitanga o te mate. Ka uru pea ēnei ki ngā CT scans, MRI, PET scans, ngā X-rays uma ranei hei kite mena kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ētahi atu wāhanga o tō tinana.

Ka whakamātautau pea tō rōpū hauora mō te HPV ki te whai koe i te mate pukupuku oropharyngeal, no te mea ko ngā mate pukupuku HPV-positive ka tino pai te whakautu ki te maimoatanga, ka pai ake te tirohanga.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te mate pukupuku korokoro e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi take, tae atu ki te momo, te wā, me te wāhi o tō mate pukupuku, me tō hauora whānui. Ka mahi tahi tō rōpū tiaki ki a koe hei whakawhanake i te mahere maimoatanga whaiaro.

Ko ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga matua ko:

• Te pokanga hei tango i te mate pukupuku, ngā pūngāwerewere tata atu ranei
• Te rongoā radiation mā te whakamahi i ngā aho kaha ki te whakangaro i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku
• Te chemotherapy me ngā rongoā e whai ana i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku puta noa i tō tinana
• Ngā rongoā whakaeke e whakaeke ana i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ngā pūtau mate pukupuku
• Te immunotherapy hei āwhina i tō pūnaha ārai mate ki te whawhai ki te mate pukupuku

He tokomaha te iwi e whiwhi ana i te whakakotahitanga o ēnei maimoatanga. Hei tauira, ka taea e koe te pokanga i muri i te rongoā radiation, te radiation ranei i whakakotahitia ki te chemotherapy. Ko te whāinga ko te whakangaro i te mate pukupuku me te tiaki i te nui o te mahi noa.

Ko ngā mate pukupuku korokoro o te wā wawe ka hiahia pea ki te maimoatanga iti ake, he pai ake ngā reiti whakaora. Ko ngā mate pukupuku matatau pea ka hiahia ki ngā huarahi maimoatanga kaha ake, engari he tokomaha te iwi e angitu tonu ana me ngā rongoā hou.

Ka uru atu ki tō rōpū maimoatanga ngā tohunga maha penei i ngā oncologists, ngā tākuta pokanga, ngā kaimaimoa radiation, me ngā kaiwhakarato tiaki tautoko penei i ngā tohunga reo me ngā kaiwhakaako kai ka taea te āwhina i a koe i tō haerenga maimoatanga.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā tohu i te wa o te maimoatanga mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ko te whakahaere i ngā tohu i te wa o te maimoatanga he wāhanga nui o tō tiaki. Ka homai e tō rōpū hauora ngā aratohu motuhake, engari he maha ngā rautaki ka taea te āwhina i a koe kia pai ake te ahua.

Mō te mamae korokoro me te raruraru o te horomi, ko ngā kai ngawari, ngā wai rewa, me ngā hupa ka taea te whakarato kai me te ngāwari ake te whakahaere. He mea nui te pupuri i te wai, na whakamātauria te inu wai puta noa i te rā, te ngau ranei i ngā kīhi hauā ki te uaua te wai ma.

Ka nui te okioki reo ki te pāngia tō reo. Ko te tikanga tenei ko te kōrero anake ina hiahiatia, te karo ranei i te kōrero ngāwari, ka taea te whakapau i ō aho reo atu i te kōrero noa.

Ko te whakahaere i te waha maroke, he pānga noa o te maimoatanga, ka taea te āwhina mā te whakamahi i ngā hua mate waha, te ngau i te gum kore huka, te whakamahi ranei i te humidifier i roto i tō rūma. Ka taea hoki e tō taakuta te tuhi rongoā hei āwhina i te whakaohooho i te whakaputa mate waha.

He mea nui te tautoko kai i te wa o te maimoatanga. Ka taea e te kaiwhakaako kai te āwhina i a koe ki te whakarite i ngā kai e whakarato ana i te kai pai me te whakaae ki ngā raruraru horomi, ngā huringa reka ranei ka pāngia koe.

Me pēhea te aukati i te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ahakoa kaore e taea te aukati i ngā mate pukupuku korokoro katoa, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga mā te mahi i ētahi whiringa ora. Ko te taahiraa tino nui ko te karo i te taakaha i roto i ngā momo katoa, tae atu ki ngā hikareti, ngā kōpaki, ngā paipa, me te taakaha kore-paua.

Ko te whakaiti i te inu waipiro ka whakaiti hoki i tō tūponotanga, ina koa ka whakakotahitia ki te kore e pā te taakaha. Ki te whiriwhiri koe ki te inu, he mea nui te whakahaere. Mō te nuinga o ngā pakeke, ko te tikanga tenei ehara i te neke atu i tetahi inu ia rā mō ngā wāhine, e rua ngā inu ia rā mō ngā tāne.

Ko te tiaki i a koe i te HPV ka taea te āwhina i te aukati i ngā mate pukupuku korokoro e pā ana ki te HPV. Ko te inenga HPV e tūtohutia ana mō ngā tamariki iti, ka taea te hoatu tae noa ki te 26 tau, i etahi wā tae noa ki te 45 tau i muri i te kōrero ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora.

Ko te pupuri i te horoi waha pai, tae atu ki ngā tirotiro niho me ngā horoi noa, ka taea te āwhina i te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga. Ko etahi rangahau e kī ana ko te hauora waha kino pea ka āwhina ki te whanake i te mate pukupuku korokoro.

Ko te kai i te kai nui i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua e whakarato ana i ngā antioxidants me ngā kai e āwhina ana ki te tiaki i te mate pukupuku. Ka tautoko hoki ēnei kai i te hauora whānui me te mahi ārai mate.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō wā whakarite taakuta?

Ko te whakarite mō tō wā whakarite ka taea te āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi pai i tō wā me tō kaiwhakarato hauora. Tīmata mā te tuhituhi i ō tohu katoa, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou me te āhua o te huringa i te wa roa.

Hanga he rārangi o ngā rongoā katoa e inu ana koe, tae atu ki ngā rongoā-kore-tuhi, ngā huaora, me ngā tāpiri. Tāpiritia hoki ngā korero mō tō hītori hauora, tae atu ki ngā mate pukupuku o mua, ngā maimoatanga radiation, te hītori whānau o te mate pukupuku ranei.

Whakaritea he rārangi o ngā pūrongo e hiahia ana koe ki te ui ki tō taakuta. Kaua e manukanuka ki te maha rawa o ngā pūrongo. He pai ake te tuhituhi kia kaua e wareware i ngā āwangawanga nui i tō wā whakarite.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i te hoa whakawhirinaki, mema whānau ranei ki tō wā whakarite. Ka taea e rātou te āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā korero i kōrerotia me te whakarato tautoko ngākau i te wā pea he toro atu te ahotea.

Ki te tuku koe ki te tohunga, kia mau ki ngā hua whakamātautau o mua, ngā X-rays, ngā rēkōta hauora ranei e pā ana pea ki ō tohu korokoro.

He aha te mea nui mō te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ko te mate pukupuku korokoro, ahakoa he kino, he tino taea te whakaora ina kite wawe. Ko te mea nui ko te whakarongo ki ngā tohu roa, te kore ranei e whakaaro he mate huka ranei he mate pāwera.

He tokomaha te iwi e angitu ana i te mate pukupuku korokoro ka hoki ki ō rātou mahi noa. Kua pai ake ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga i ngā tau kua pahure, ā, kei te piki tonu ngā reiti ora, ina koa mō ngā mate pukupuku i kitea i ō rātou wā wawe.

Ko te aukati tonu tō tiaki pai rawa atu ki te mate pukupuku korokoro. Mā te karo i te taakaha, te whakaiti i te waipiro, te mahi i te horoi waha pai, me te pupuri i te inenga HPV hou, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga.

Kia mahara ko te whai i ngā tohu kaore e tikanga kei a koe te mate pukupuku, engari ko ngā tohu roa e roa atu ana i te rua wiki e tika ana kia whakarongohia e te hauora. Ko te kite wawe me te maimoatanga e whakarato ana i ngā hua pai rawa atu, na kaua e whakaroa ki te kōrero ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora mō ngā āwangawanga.

Ngā pūrongo e ui pinepinetia ana mō te mate pukupuku korokoro

Ka taea te whakaora katoa te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ae, ka taea te whakaora i te mate pukupuku korokoro, ina koa ina kite wawe. Ko te reiti ora rima tau mō te mate pukupuku korokoro o te wā wawe neke atu i te 80-90% i roto i te maha o ngā take. Āe, ko etahi mate pukupuku korokoro matatau ka taea te whakaora. Ko tō tirohanga motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā take penei i te wā o te mate pukupuku, te momo, tō hauora whānui, me te āhua o tō whakautu ki te maimoatanga.

He mamae te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ka taea e te mate pukupuku korokoro te puta i te mamae, engari ehara i te tohu wawe e kitea ana e te iwi. Ko te mate pukupuku korokoro wawe pea ka puta he mamae iti, he korokoro mamae roa ranei. I te wa e piki haere ana te mate pukupuku, ka kitea pea te mamae, ina koa i te wa e horomi ana. Heoi, he tokomaha te iwi e whai ana i te mate pukupuku korokoro wawe he iti te mamae, koia te take i te maha o ngā tohu penei i ngā huringa reo te tohu wawe pono ake.

Me pehea te tere o te horapa o te mate pukupuku korokoro?

Ko te mate pukupuku korokoro e tipu ana, e horapa ana i te tere noa, i te nuinga i roto i ngā marama, ehara i ngā wiki. Heoi, ka rereke te tere i runga i te momo mate pukupuku me ngā take takitahi. Ko ngā mate pukupuku korokoro HPV-positive pea ka tipu atu i te hunga e pā ana ki te taakaha me te waipiro. Koia te take i te mea nui kia kaua e whakaroa te rapu awhina hauora mō ngā tohu roa, ahakoa he ngāwari te ahua.

Ka taea te whiwhi mate pukupuku korokoro mai i te moe waha?

Ae, ka taea te hono atu te mate pukupuku korokoro ki te mate HPV e horapa ana mā te moe waha. Ko te HPV-16 me te HPV-18, ko ngā momo huaketo rite e puta ai te mate pukupuku uterine, ka taea te puta i te mate pukupuku korokoro. Heoi, he mea nui kia mārama kaore te katoa e moe waha e whanake ana i te mate pukupuku korokoro. Ka piki te tūponotanga me ngā hoa maha me ētahi atu take. Ko te inenga HPV ka taea te tiaki i ēnei momo huaketo e puta ai te mate pukupuku.

Me pēhea te ahua o te mate pukupuku korokoro i te tīmatanga?

Ko te mate pukupuku korokoro wawe e rite ana ki te mate huka ranei te korokoro mamae e kore e ngaro. Ka kite pea koe i te korokoro maroke, te korokoro mamae ranei e kore e pai ake me ngā rongoā noa, te reo ngāwari iti ranei, te āhua kei te mau tetahi mea i roto i tō korokoro ranei. Ko ēnei tohu he ngāwari i te tīmatanga, he ngāwari te whakakore, koia te take i te mea tika kia arotakehia e te kaiwhakarato hauora ngā tohu korokoro e roa atu ana i te rua wiki.