He aha te mate pukupuku arero? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te mate pukupuku arero tētahi momo mate pukupuku waha e puta mai ana i te tipu haere koretake o ngā pūtau i tō arero. Ka pā tēnei āhuatanga ki ngā uaua me ngā kiko e hanga ana i tō arero, he mea nui ki te kōrero, te horomi, me te reka o te kai.

Ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku arero he karcinoma pūtau squamous, arā, ka tīmata i ngā pūtau angiangi, papatahi e taupoki ana i te mata o tō arero. Ahakoa ka raru pea te whakarongo ki tetahi mate pukupuku, he maha ngā wā ka taea te whakaora i te mate pukupuku arero ina kitea wawe, ā, he maha ngā tāngata e ora tonu ana i te ora roa, hauora i muri i te maimoatanga.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku arero?

Ka taea e ngā tohu wawe o te mate pukupuku arero te ngāwari, ā, ka rite pea ki ngā āwangawanga noa o te waha i te tīmatanga. Ko te rerekētanga nui ko ēnei tohu kaore e ngaro noa iho i muri i ngā wiki e rua.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu tino noa hei titiro:

• He mamae, he mate rānei i tō arero e kore e ora i roto i ngā wiki e rua
• He papatahi ma, he whero rānei i tō arero e mau tonu ana
• He pūngāwerewere, he māngere rānei i te wahi o tō arero
• Te mamae tonu, te ngawari rānei o te arero
• Te uaua ki te horomi, te āwangawanga rānei kei te mau tetahi mea i roto i tō korokoro
• Ngā huringa i tō reo, i tō kōrero rānei
• Te ngenge o tō arero, o tō waha rānei
• Te toto koretake mai i tō arero

Ka taea e ngā tohu iti ake te whakauru i te manawa kino tonu, ngā niho ngāwari kahore he take mārama, te uaua rānei ki te neke i tō arero noa atu. Ka rongo hoki ētahi i te mamae o te taringa e kore e rite ki te mate taringa.

Kia mahara ko te whai i ēnei tohu kaore e tikanga kei te mate pukupuku koe. He maha ngā āhuatanga ka puta mai ngā tohu rite, engari he mea pai tonu te tirotiro i ētahi tohunga hauora.

He aha ngā momo mate pukupuku arero?

Ko te tikanga ka whakarōpūhia te mate pukupuku arero i runga i te wāhi e puta mai ana i tō arero. Ko te mārama ki ēnei momo ka āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te whakatakoto i te huarahi maimoatanga tino pai.

Ko ēnei ngā momo e rua matua:

• Te mate pukupuku arero waha: Ka puta mai tēnei i ngā rua-toru o mua o tō arero, te wāhi ka taea e koe te kite me te neke noa atu. He maha ngā wā ka ngāwari ake te kite me te whakaora.
• Te mate pukupuku pūtake o te arero: Ka puta mai tēnei i te toru o muri o tō arero, tata atu ki tō korokoro. He maha ngā wā ka uaua ake te kite wawe no te mea he iti ake te kitea o tēnei wāhi.

Ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku arero he karcinoma pūtau squamous, engari ka taea e ngā momo iti ake te whakauru i ngā adenocarcinomas, ngā lymphomas, me ngā sarcomas. Ka hiahia pea ēnei momo iti ake ki ngā huarahi maimoatanga rerekē, engari he iti te wāhi o ēnei i roto i ngā mate pukupuku arero katoa.

He aha ngā take o te mate pukupuku arero?

Ka puta te mate pukupuku arero ina pakaru te DNA i roto i ngā pūtau arero, ka puta te tipu koretake. Ahakoa kaore tatou i te mohio tonu ki te aha te take o tēnei huringa, he maha ngā take ka piki ake tō tūponotanga.

Ko ēnei ngā take tūponotanga tino nui:

• Te whakamahinga tapeka: Ko te whakamahinga hikareti, kākahu, pīpa rānei, me te whakamahinga tapeka kore-paua, ka piki haere te tūponotanga.
• Te inu waipiro nui: Ka taea e te inu waipiro nui tonu te pakaru i ngā pūtau arero i te roa o te wā.
• Te mate HPV: Ka taea e ētahi momo huaketo papilloma tangata, inā te HPV-16, te puta te mate pukupuku arero.
• Te tau: Ko te nuinga o ngā keehi ka puta i ngā tāngata neke atu i te 40, ahakoa ka taea te pā ki ngā tāngata kōhungahunga.
• Te ira tangata: He maha ngā wā ka puta te mate pukupuku arero ki ngā tāne i ngā wāhine.
• Te whakamārama o te rā: Te whakamārama nui o te rā ki ō ngutu me tō wāhi waha.

Ko ngā take iti ake te whakauru i te āwangawanga roa mai i ngā niho koi, i ngā niho kore-pai rānei, ētahi āhuatanga ira, me te pūnaha ārai ngoikore. Ka puta te mate pukupuku arero ki ētahi tāngata kahore he take tūponotanga e mohiotia ana, e whakamahara ana ki a tātou ka taea te puta mai o te mate pukupuku i etahi wā.

Nōhea koe me haere ki te taote mō ngā āwangawanga arero?

Me haere koe ki tetahi tohunga hauora mena ka kite koe i tetahi huringa tonu i tō arero e neke atu ana i ngā wiki e rua. Ko te kite wawe ka puta he rerekētanga nui ki ngā hua maimoatanga.

Whakarite he whakatau mena ka pā atu koe ki:

• Tetahi mamae, mate, tetahi waahi rānei i tō arero e kore e ora
• Te mamae tonu, te ngawari rānei o tō arero
• Te uaua ki te horomi, ki te kōrero rānei
• He pūngāwerewere, he māngere rānei ka taea e koe te kite
• Te toto koretake mai i tō arero
• Te ngenge e kore e ngaro

Kaua e tatari kia kino ake ngā tohu, kia ngaro rānei noa iho. Ka taea e tō taote, e tō kaitoi niho rānei te mahi i tetahi whakamātautau tino pai, me te whakatau mena ka hiahiatia te whakamātautau atu.

He aha ngā take tūponotanga mō te mate pukupuku arero?

Ko te mārama ki ngā take tūponotanga ka taea te āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau whakamārama mō tō hauora, ahakoa te whai i ngā take tūponotanga kaore e tikanga ka puta te mate pukupuku ki a koe.

Ko ēnei ngā take tūponotanga nui:

• Te whakamahinga tapeka i tetahi momo: Koinei te take tūponotanga tino kaha, inā te whakauru ki te waipiro.
• Te inu waipiro nui: Ka piki ake te tūponotanga me te nui me te roa o te inu.
• Te mate HPV: Inā te HPV-16, ka taea te tuku mā te hononga waha.
• Te tau neke atu i te 40: Ka piki ake te tūponotanga me te tau, ahakoa ka taea te pā ki ngā tāngata kōhungahunga.
• Te ira tangata tane: He rua ki te toru ngā wā ka puta te mate pukupuku arero ki ngā tāne.
• Te hauora waha kino: Ka taea e te āwangawanga roa me ngā mate te whakauru ki te tūponotanga mate pukupuku.

Ko ngā take atu ka piki ake te tūponotanga te whakauru i te hītori whānau o ngā mate pukupuku o te matenga me te kaki, ētahi momo ira, te rongoā radiation o mua ki te matenga me te kaki, me te āwangawanga roa mai i te mahi niho, i ngā tikanga rānei penei i te ngau arero.

Ko te rongo pai ko te maha o ēnei take tūponotanga kei roto i tō mana. Ko te mahi i ngā whiringa ora hauora ka taea te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te mate pukupuku arero?

Ahakoa ka puta ngā raruraru, he maha ngā tāngata e ora ana i te mate pukupuku arero me te maimoatanga tika. Ko te mārama ki ngā raruraru pea ka āwhina i a koe ki te mohio ki te aha hei titiro me te wā hei rapu awhina.

Ka taea e ngā raruraru noa te whakauru i:

• Te uaua ki te horomi: Ka taea tēnei te pā ki te kai, ā, ka hiahiatia pea ngā huringa kai, te awhina kai rānei.
• Ngā huringa kōrero: Ka taea e te maimoatanga te pā ki tō kōrero mo te wā poto, te roa rānei.
• Te waha maroke: Ka taea e te rongoā radiation te whakaiti i te hua o te waipiro.
• Ngā huringa reka: Ka taea e te maimoatanga te whakarerekē i tō reka, ahakoa ka pai ake tēnei i te roa o te wā.
• Ngā raruraru niho: Ka taea e te radiation te piki ake i te tūponotanga o te pirau niho me te mate ngutu.
• Te whakauru i ngā pūngāwerewere lymph: Ka taea te horapa o te mate pukupuku ki ngā pūngāwerewere lymph tata i te kaki.

Ko ngā raruraru iti ake, engari nui ake te kino te whakauru i te uaua ki te manawa mena ka aukati te mate pukupuku i ngā ara hau, ngā raruraru kai nui, me te horapa ki ētahi atu wāhi o te tinana. Ka tirotiro tata atu tō rōpū hauora ki a koe hei aukati, hei whakaoti rānei i ēnei take wawe.

He maha ngā raruraru ka taea te whakahaere me te tautoko tika, tae atu ki te rongoā kōrero, te tohutohu kai, me te tiaki niho.

Me pēhea te aukati i te mate pukupuku arero?

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te aukati i ngā keehi katoa o te mate pukupuku arero, ka taea e koe te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga mā te mahi i ngā whiringa ora hauora. Ko te aukati ka aro ki te karo i ngā take tūponotanga e mohiotia ana, me te pupuri i te hauora waha pai.

Ko ēnei ngā rautaki aukati tino pai:

• Karo katoa i te tapeka: Koinei ngā hikareti, kākahu, pīpa, me ngā hua tapeka kore-paua.
• Whakaiti i te inu waipiro: Mena ka inu koe, me inu noa.
• Whakamahia te hononga waha haumaru: Ko te inopere HPV me ngā mahi haumaru ka taea te whakaiti i te tūponotanga mate.
• Pupuri i te hauora waha pai: Horomia rua i te rā, mirotia tonu, me te haere ki tō kaitoi niho tonu.
• Kai i te kai hauora: Whakauruhia ngā hua me ngā huawhenua, kei roto ngā matū tiaki.
• Tīaki i ō ngutu mai i te whakamārama o te rā: Whakamahia te kiri kiri me te SPF ina kei waho.

He mea nui ngā tirotiro niho noa, no te mea ka taea e tō kaitoi niho te kite i ngā huringa wawe i tō waha. Whakaarohia te whiwhi i te inopere HPV mena ka taea e koe, no te mea ka taea te aukati i ngā momo e tino pā ana ki te puta te mate pukupuku.

Mena kei a koe te āwangawanga roa mai i te mahi niho, i ngā tikanga rānei penei i te ngau arero, whakaotihia wawe ēnei take hei whakaiti i te pakaru tonu ki ō kiko arero.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te mate pukupuku arero?

Ko te whakatau i te mate pukupuku arero he maha ngā mahi, te tīmatanga me te whakamātautau tinana, me te haere tonu ki ngā whakamātautau motuhake mena ka hiahiatia. Ka mahi pūmau tō tohunga hauora ki te whakatau i te take o ō tohu.

Ko te tikanga ka whakauru te tukanga whakatau i:

• Te whakamātautau tinana: Ka titiro atu tō taote, ka kitea tō arero, tō waha, me tō kaki.
• Te hītori hauora: Te kōrero mō ō tohu, ngā take tūponotanga, me tō hauora katoa.
• Biopsy: Te tango i tetahi tauira kiko iti hei tātaritanga taiwhanga.
• Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua: Ngā tātaritanga CT, MRI, PET rānei hei kite i te nui o tetahi mate pukupuku.
• Endoscopy: He pūpoi angiangi, ngāwari me te kamera hei tirotiro i ngā wāhi uaua ki te kite.

Ko te biopsy anake te huarahi ki te whakatau tino i te mate pukupuku. Ka ngenge tō taote te wāhi, ka tango i tetahi kiko iti o te kiko whakapae, ka tirotirohia i raro i te microscope e tetahi pathologist.

Mena ka kitea te mate pukupuku, ka āwhina ngā whakamātautau atu ki te whakatau i te wā, me te aratohu i te whakatakoto maimoatanga. Ka roa pea tēnei tukanga, engari ko te whakatau tino pai ka whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te tiaki tino pai.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te mate pukupuku arero?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te mate pukupuku arero e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā take maha, tae atu ki te rahi me te wāhi o te mate pukupuku, te horapa rānei, me tō hauora katoa. Ka hanga e tō rōpū hauora tetahi mahere maimoatanga whaiaro e tuku ana i te tupono pai rawa atu o te angitu.

Ko ēnei ngā whiringa maimoatanga matua:

• Te pokanga: Te tango i te kiko mate pukupuku, ka taea te whakauru mai i tetahi wāhi iti ki tetahi wāhi nui o te arero.
• Te rongoā radiation: Ngā hihi kaha e whakangaro ana i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku, he maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana i muri i te pokanga, i te maimoatanga matua rānei.
• Te chemotherapy: Ngā rongoā e whakamate ana i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku puta noa i te tinana.
• Te maimoatanga e whai take ana: Ngā rongoā e whakaeke ana i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ngā pūtau mate pukupuku.
• Te immunotherapy: Ngā maimoatanga e āwhina ana i tō pūnaha ārai mate ki te whawhai ki te mate pukupuku.

He maha ngā tāngata e whiwhi ana i te whakakotahitanga o ngā maimoatanga. Hei tauira, ka taea te whai i te pokanga e te rongoā radiation hei whakangaro i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku e toe ana.

Ka whakauru hoki tō rōpū maimoatanga i ngā tohunga i te rongoā kōrero, te kai, me ētahi atu tiaki tautoko hei āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i tō kounga ora i te wā me muri i te maimoatanga.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te mate pukupuku arero i te kāinga?

Ahakoa he mea nui te maimoatanga hauora, he maha ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi i te kāinga hei tautoko i tō ora, me te whakahaere i ngā tohu. Ka mahi ēnei rautaki me tō tiaki hauora hei āwhina i a koe ki te pai ake te rongo.

Ko ēnei ngā huarahi whakahaere kāinga whai hua:

• Pupuri i te hauora waha: Te horoi ngawari me te paraihe ngawari me te horoi waha kore-waipiro.
• Kai i ngā kai ngawari, kai hauora: Ka ngāwari ake pea te horomi i ngā huamata, ngā hupa, me ngā kai pureed.
• Noho makuku: Inu nui i te wai, inā he waha maroke koe.
• Whakahaere i te mamae: Whakamahia ngā rongoā mamae kua tohua e rite ana ki ngā tohutohu.
• Karo i ngā mea āwangawanga: Kaua e whakamahi i ngā kai kawa, te waipiro, me te tapeka.
• Whakamahia te humidifier: Ka taea e te hau makuku te āwhina ki te waha maroke me te āwangawanga korokoro.

Whakamahia ngā mahi waha ngawari e rite ana ki ngā tohutohu a tō kaiwhakaako kōrero hei pupuri i te nekehanga arero. Okioki ina hiahia koe, kaua hoki e whakaroa ki te tono awhina ki ngā whānau me ngā hoa mō ngā mahi o ia rā.

Tātaihia ō tohu me ētahi pānga o te maimoatanga kia taea ai e koe te kōrero ki tō rōpū hauora i ngā whakatau.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakatau taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō whakatau ka āwhina i te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te nuinga mai i tō wā me tō tohunga hauora. Ko te whakarite pai ka ārahi ki te kōrero pai ake me te tiaki pai ake.

I mua i tō whakatau:

• Tuhia ō tohu: Whakauruhia te wā i tīmata ai, te huringa, me te aha e pai ake ai, e kino ake rānei.
• Rārangihia ō rongoā: Whakauruhia ngā rongoā tohu, ngā rongoā kore-tohu, me ngā tāpiringa.
• Whakaritehia tō hītori hauora: Tuhia ētahi āhuatanga hauora o mua, ngā pokanga, ngā maimoatanga rānei.
• Tuhia tō noho ora: Kia pono ki te whakamahinga tapeka me te waipiro, no te mea he mea nui tēnei mōhiohio.
• Kawea mai tētahi tangata tautoko: Ko te whai i tētahi tangata ki a koe ka taea te āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā mōhiohio nui.
• Whakaritehia ngā pātai: Tuhia te mea e hiahia ana koe ki te ui kia kaua e wareware i te wā o te whakatau.

Whakaarohia te kawea mai i ngā whakaahua o ētahi huringa e kitea ana i tō arero mena ka haere mai, ka haere atu rānei. Ka taea tēnei te āwhina i tō taote ki te mārama pai ake ki ō tohu.

Kaua e wehi ki te ui i ngā pātai, ki te tono whakamārama rānei mena kaore koe e mārama ki tetahi mea. E hiahia ana tō rōpū hauora ki te āwhina i a koe ki te mohio me te mārama ki tō tiaki.

He aha te mea nui mō te mate pukupuku arero?

He āhuatanga nui te mate pukupuku arero, engari he maha ngā wā ka taea te whakaora, inā te kite wawe. Ko te mea nui rawa atu ka taea e koe te aro ki ngā huringa i tō waha, me te rapu tiaki hauora wawe mena ka kite koe i ngā tohu tonu.

He maha ngā tāngata e wikitoria ana i te mate pukupuku arero, ka hoki anō ki ō rātou mahi noa. Kua pai ake te maimoatanga i ngā tau kua pahure, ā, ko te tiaki tautoko ka āwhina i ngā tāngata ki te pupuri i ō rātou kounga ora i te wā o te ora.

He mea nui te aukati ki te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga. Ko te karo i te tapeka, te whakaiti i te waipiro, te mahi i te hauora waha pai, me te whai i ngā tirotiro niho noa he ārai kaha.

Mena kei te whakatau koe i te mate pukupuku arero, kia mahara kaore koe i te kotahi. Kei reira tō rōpū hauora hei tautoko i a koe i ia kaupae o te ara, ā, he maha ngā rauemi kei reira hei āwhina i a koe me tō whānau ki te haere i tēnei haerenga.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te mate pukupuku arero

He mamae tonu te mate pukupuku arero?

Kāore pea. Kaore pea te mate pukupuku arero wawe e puta te mamae, koia te take he mea nui te titiro ki ētahi atu tohu penei i ngā mamae tonu, ngā pūngāwerewere, ngā papatahi rānei e kore e ora. Ka puta te mamae i te tipu o te mate pukupuku, te mate rānei.

Ka taea te horapa o te mate pukupuku arero ki ētahi atu wāhi o te tinana?

Ae, ka taea te horapa o te mate pukupuku arero ki ngā pūngāwerewere lymph tata i te kaki, ā, he iti ake te wāhi ki ētahi atu whekau. Koia te take he mea nui te kite wawe me te maimoatanga. Ka tirotiro tō taote mō ngā tohu horapa i te wā o te whakatau me te wā.

Ka taea e au te kōrero noa i muri i te maimoatanga mate pukupuku arero?

He maha ngā tāngata e pupuri ana i te kōrero noa, i te kōrero tata noa rānei i muri i te maimoatanga, inā te kite wawe. Ka taea e te rongoā kōrero te āwhina i a koe ki te whakarereke ki ētahi huringa me te whakanui i ō kaha kōrero. Ko te nui o ngā huringa kōrero e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rahi me te wāhi o te mate pukupuku me te momo maimoatanga e hiahiatia ana.

E hia te roa o te maimoatanga mate pukupuku arero?

He rerekē te roa o te maimoatanga i runga i te wā o te mate pukupuku me ngā maimoatanga e hiahiatia ana. Ka roa pea ngā haora te pokanga me ngā wiki o te ora, ā, ko te rongoā radiation he maha ngā wā e whakauru ana i ngā maimoatanga o ia rā mō ngā wiki maha. Ka hoatu e tō rōpū hauora he wa wā roa atu i runga i tō mahere maimoatanga whaiaro.

Ka taea te hoki mai o te mate pukupuku arero i muri i te maimoatanga?

Pēnei i te maha o ngā mate pukupuku, ka taea te hoki mai o te mate pukupuku arero, koia te take he mea nui ngā whakatau whakarite tonu. Ko te nuinga o ngā hoki mai ka puta i roto i ngā tau e rua i muri i te maimoatanga. Ka tirotiro tata atu tō taote ki a koe, ka whakaako ki a koe ngā tohu hei titiro i te kāinga.