He aha te Whakaeke Matewhatu? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te whakaeke matewhatu (TIA) tētahi whakakātetanga wā poto o te rere o te toto ki tētahi wāhanga o tō roro. Whakaarohia he "mini-stroke" e pā ana ngā tohu o te matewhatu, engari kāore e pakaru tonu te kiko o te roro.

Ahakoa ko ngā TIA e roa ana noa atu i ngā meneti ki ngā haora, ā, ka mutu katoa ngā tohu, he tohu whakatūpato nui rātou. Kei te hoatu mai e tō tinana tētahi whakamōhio ki a koe kei te hiahia tētahi mea ki te tiaki i mua i te puta mai o te matewhatu nui ake.

He aha te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Ka puta te TIA ina mutu te rere o te toto ki tō roro, te nuinga o te wā na te iti o te toto e hangaia ana i ētahi atu wāhanga o tō tinana ka haere ki tō roro.

Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenganui i te TIA me te matewhatu kei te roa me te pakaru. Ka mutu katoa ngā tohu TIA i roto i ngā haora 24 (te nuinga o te wā i mua atu), i te mea ko ngā matewhatu ka puta he pānga roa. Heoi, e rua ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora tonu.

Ka karangahia e ngā tohunga hauora etahi wā ngā TIA he "matewhatu whakatūpato" no te mea ka tū te nuinga o te wā i mua i ngā matewhatu pono. E tata ana ki te kotahi i roto i ngā toru o te hunga e pā ana ki te TIA ka matewhatu i roto i te tau kotahi ki te kore e tukatukahia.

He aha ngā Tohutohu o te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Ka rite ngā tohu TIA ki ngā tohu o te matewhatu, engari ka ngaro katoa. Ko te mea nui rawa kia mahara ko ngā tohu wā poto rawa atu e tika ana kia whakawhiwhia ki te tiaki hauora tonu.

Ko ngā tohu noa e pā ana ki a koe:

• Te ngoikore rānei te ngawari o tetahi taha o tō mata, ringa, rānei waewae
• Te uaua ki te kōrero, ki te whakamārama rānei i te kōrero, tae atu ki ngā kupu whakapohehe
• Te ngaro o te tirohanga ohorere i tetahi kanohi, i ngā kanohi rānei e rua, te tirohanga takirua rānei
• Te mamae o te upoko nui kahore he take e mohiotia ana
• Te wiri, te ngaro o te toenga, te hinga ohorere rānei
• Te whakapohehe, te uaua rānei ki te whakamārama i ngā whakahau ngāwari

Ko ngā tohu kahore e noa, engari he tohu nui tonu, ka uru atu te ngaro o te rongohanga ohorere, te uaua ki te horomia, te raruraru māhara wā poto rānei. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta ohorere ēnei tohu, ā, ka haere mai, ka haere atu rānei.

Kia mahara ki te kupu whakarāpopoto FAST: Te taka o te mata, Te ngoikore o te ringa, Te uaua ki te kōrero, Te wā ki te karanga i ngā ratonga āwhina. Ahakoa ka pai ake ngā tohu, e hiahia tonu ana koe ki te aromatawai hauora tonu.

He aha ngā Take o te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Ka puta ngā TIA ina mutu te rere o te toto ki tō roro. Ko te take tino noa ko te iti o te toto e hangaia ana i ētahi atu wāhanga o tō tinana ka haere ki tō roro.

He maha ngā āhuatanga e taea ai te arahi ki te TIA:

• Atherosclerosis (te pakari o ngā uaua na te hanga o te papa)
• Atrial fibrillation (te ngākau kore-tika e taea te hanga i ngā toto)
• Te toto teitei e pakaru ana i ngā uaua toto iti
• Te huka toto e pā ana ki te hauora o ngā uaua toto
• Te kolesterol teitei e awhina ana i te aukati o ngā uaua
• Te mate o te uaua carotid (te whakaiti o ngā uaua kaki)

Ko ngā take kahore e noa ko ngā mate toto, etahi rongoā, etahi āhuatanga onge penei i te wehewehenga o te uaua. I etahi wā, ka motu tetahi wahi iti o te papa mai i te pakitara o te uaua, ka aukati wawe i te rere o te toto ki te roro.

I roto i ngā take onge, ka puta mai ngā TIA i te mate toto nui, te toto iti rawa, etahi mate toto rānei e pā ana ki te rere o tō toto me te toto.

Nōhea te Tiro ki te Taote mō te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Me rapu tonu koe i te tiaki hauora āwhina mena ka pā atu ki a koe etahi tohu rite ki te matewhatu, ahakoa ka ngaro atu rātou. Karangahia te 111, haere rānei ki te ruma āwhina tata rawa atu.

Kaua e tatari kia hoki mai ngā tohu, kia kino ake rānei. Kāore te āhua wā poto o ngā tohu TIA e kore ai e nui te kino. Ka taea e te aromatawai hauora tere te āwhina i te aukati i te matewhatu i muri mai.

Ahakoa kei te pai katoa koe ina tae atu koe ki te hōhipera, me whakahaere e ngā taote ngā whakamātautau hei whakamārama i te take o ō tohu. Ka āwhina tēnei aromatawai ki te whakatau i tō tūponotanga matewhatu me te maimoatanga tika.

He aha ngā Take Tūponotanga mō te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Ko te mārama ki ō take tūponotanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā kaupae hei aukati i ngā TIA me ngā matewhatu. Ko etahi take ka taea e koe te whakahaere, ko ētahi atu kāore.

Ko ngā take tūponotanga ka taea e koe te whakarereke:

• Te toto teitei (ko te take tūponotanga nui rawa atu e taea te whakahaere)
• Te kai hikareti, te whakamahinga rānei o te tapeka
• Ngā taumata kolesterol teitei
• Te huka toto, te huka toto iti rānei
• Te momona, te taumaha nui rānei
• Te kore o te mahi tinana
• Te inu waipiro nui
• Te whakamahinga rongoā, te kokain rānei, te amphetamine rānei

Ko ngā take tūponotanga kaore e taea e koe te whakarereke ko te tau (ka piki te tūponotanga i muri i te 55), te ira tangata (te iti ake te piki i ngā tāne), te iwi (teitei ake i ngā Pākehā), me te hītori whānau o te matewhatu, TIA rānei.

Ka piki ake hoki te tūponotanga o etahi āhuatanga hauora, penei i te mate ngākau, te atrial fibrillation, te moe apnea, me te hītori o mua o te TIA, matewhatu rānei. Ko ngā pire whakahaere whānau me te rongoā whakakapi homoni ka piki ake pea te tūponotanga i ētahi wahine.

He aha ngā Pakaru pea o te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Ko te pakaru tino nui o te TIA ko te whiwhi i te matewhatu pono. Ki te kore e tukatukahia tika, e 10-15% pea o te hunga e whiwhi ana i te TIA ka matewhatu i roto i ngā marama toru.

Ko tō tūponotanga matewhatu teitei rawa i ngā rā me ngā wiki tuatahi i muri i te TIA. Koinei te take e tino nui ai te tiaki hauora tonu me te maimoatanga haere tonu hei aukati i ngā raruraru i muri mai.

Ko ētahi atu pakaru pea ko ngā TIA hou, ka taea te puta mena kaore e whakahaerea ngā take taketake. Ka pā pea etahi atu ki te manukanuka, ki te pouri rānei i muri i te TIA, ina koa ina tukatukahia te pono o tō tūponotanga matewhatu.

Ko te onge, ka taea e ngā TIA auau te arahi ki ngā huringa mohio iti i te wa roa, ahakoa he iti rawa atu tēnei i te matewhatu pono. Ko te rongo pai ko te maimoatanga tika ka whakaiti nui i ēnei tūponotanga.

Me pēhea te Aukati i te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Ka taea te aukati i te maha o ngā TIA mā te whakahaere i ngā take tūponotanga me te mahi i ngā whiringa ora hauora. Ko ngā rautaki ano e aukati ana i te mate ngākau ka āwhina hoki i te aukati i ngā TIA me ngā matewhatu.

Ko ngā rautaki aukati matua:

• Whakahaerehia te toto teitei mā te rongoā me ngā huringa ora
• Whakamutu i te kai hikareti, kia kaua hoki e kai hikareti
• Whakahaerehia te huka toto mā te whakahaere tika i te huka toto
• Whakapakarihia te tinana (te iti rawa 150 meneti o te mahi ngāwari i ia wiki)
• Kia mau ki te taumaha hauora
• Kai i te kai hauora ngākau e whai hua ana i ngā hua, ngā huawhenua, me ngā witi katoa
• Whakaitihia te inu waipiro
• Tangohia ngā rongoā kua tohua kia rite ki te tohutohu

Mena kei a koe te atrial fibrillation, ko te tango i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto kia rite ki te tohutohu ka taea te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga TIA me te matewhatu. Ka āwhina ngā tirotiro hauora auau ki te aroturuki me te whakarite i tō mahere aukati.

Mō te hunga he mate uaua carotid, ka tūtohu pea ngā mahi penei i te carotid endarterectomy, te stenting rānei hei whakapai ake i te rere o te toto me te aukati i ngā TIA i muri mai.

Me pēhea te Whakatau i te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Ka uaua pea te whakatau i te TIA no te mea ka ngaro ngā tohu i te wā e tae atu ana koe ki te tiaki hauora. Ka whakawhirinaki tō taote ki tō whakaahuatanga tohu me ngā whakamātautau maha hei whakatau i te mate.

Ka tīmata tō rōpū hauora ki te hītori taipitopito o ō tohu, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou, te roa o te roa, me te āhua o te āhua. Ka āwhina te whakamātautau tinana me te neurological ki te aromatawai i tō āhua o nāianei.

Ko ngā whakamātautau whakatau mate noa:

• Te tātaritanga CT, MRI rānei o tō roro hei whakakore i te matewhatu, ētahi atu raruraru rānei
• Te tātaritanga ultrasound carotid hei tirotiro i ngā aukati uaua i tō kaki
• Te electrocardiogram (ECG) hei kite i ngā raruraru o te ngākau
• Ngā whakamātautau toto hei tirotiro i te kolesterol, te huka toto, me te mahi toto
• Te echocardiogram hei aromatawai i te mahi ngākau me te rapu i ngā toto

I etahi wā ka tono ngā taote i ētahi atu whakamātautau penei i te CT angiography, MR angiography rānei hei tiki i ngā whakaahua taipitopito o ngā uaua toto i tō roro me tō kaki. Ka āwhina ēnei ki te kimi i ngā wāhi whakaiti, aukati rānei.

He aha te Maimoatanga mō te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Ko te maimoatanga TIA e aro ana ki te aukati i ngā matewhatu me ngā TIA i muri mai mā te whakahaere i ngā take taketake. Ka whakaritea tō mahere maimoatanga ki ō take tūponotanga motuhake me ō āhuatanga hauora.

Ko ngā rongoā e tohua ana:

• Ngā rongoā antiplatelet (penei i te aspirin, clopidogrel rānei) hei aukati i ngā toto
• Ngā rongoā toto teitei hei whakahaere i te toto teitei
• Ngā rongoā whakaiti kolesterol (statins) hei whakaiti i te hanga o te papa
• Ngā rongoā huka toto hei whakahaere i te huka toto
• Ngā kai whakaheke toto (anticoagulants) mena kei a koe te atrial fibrillation

Ka hiahia pea etahi ki ngā mahi pokanga penei i te carotid endarterectomy hei tango i te papa mai i ngā uaua kaki, te carotid stenting rānei hei whakatuwhera i ngā uaua whakaiti. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka tūtohuhia ēnei mahi mō te hunga he mate uaua carotid nui.

Ka whakatenatena hoki tō taote ngā whakarereketanga ora hei wāhanga o tō mahere maimoatanga. Ka uru atu ki ēnei ngā whakarereketanga kai, ngā tohutohu whakapakari tinana, te tautoko whakamutu kai hikareti, me ngā tikanga whakahaere ahotea.

Me pēhea te Tango i te Maimoatanga Kāinga i te Wā Whakaora mai i te TIA?

Ko te tiaki kāinga i muri i te TIA e aro ana ki te tango i ngā rongoā kua tohua kia mau tonu me te mahi i ngā whakarereketanga ora hei aukati i ngā wāhanga i muri mai. Ko tō whakaora te nuinga o te wā he aukati, kāore i te whakaora mai i te pakaru.

Tangohia ngā rongoā katoa kia rite ki te tohutohu, ahakoa kei te pai katoa koe. Ko te ngaro i ngā rongoā o ngā kai whakaheke toto, ngā rongoā toto teitei rānei ka taea te piki nui i tō tūponotanga matewhatu.

Aroturukihia tō toto teitei kia auau mena kei a koe te toto teitei. Kia mau ki te rēhita o ngā pānui hei whakawhiti atu ki tō rōpū hauora. He maha ngā whare rongoā me ngā pokapū hapori e whakarato ana i ngā tirotiro toto teitei kore utu.

Kia aro ki ngā tohu whakatūpato, kia mohio hoki ki te wā hei rapu i te āwhina tonu. Mena ka pā atu ki a koe etahi atu tohu rite ki te matewhatu, karangahia te 111 tonu, kaua e tatari kia mutu rātou.

Hangaia he mahere kai hauora ngākau me te maha o ngā hua, ngā huawhenua, ngā witi katoa, me ngā pūmua ngawari. Whakaitihia te konutai, ngā ngako makariri, me ngā kai tukatuka. Whakaarohia te whakatau ki te kai tohunga mō te aratohu motuhake.

Me pēhea te Whakamahere mō tō Hui Taote?

Ko te whakamahere mō tō hui ka āwhina i te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te tiaki whānui rawa atu. Kawea mai he kōrero taipitopito o ō tohu, tae atu ki te wā tika me ngā āhuatanga.

Tuhia katoa ngā rongoā kei te tangohia e koe, tae atu ki ngā rongoā-ā-te-kāinga me ngā taapiri. Tāpirihia ngā horopeta me te auau e tangohia ana e koe. Ka āwhina tēnei korero i tō taote ki te karo i ngā pānga kino.

Whakamahia he rārangi o ngā pātai e hiahia ana koe ki te ui. Ko ngā kaupapa nui pea ko tō tūponotanga matewhatu, ngā pānga o ngā rongoā, ngā tohutohu ora, me ngā tohu whakatūpato hei titiro atu.

Kawea mai tētahi mema whānau, hoa rānei mena ka taea. Ka taea e rātou te āwhina ki te mahara ki ngā korero i kōrerohia i te wā o te hui, me te whakarato tautoko i te wā pea ka āhua nui.

Kohikohia ō rēkōta hauora, ina koa ngā hua whakamātautau hou, te hītori o mua o te TIA, matewhatu rānei, me ngā korero mō ngā āhuatanga ngākau, ētahi atu raruraru hauora tika rānei.

He aha te Tātaritanga Matua mō te Whakaeke Matewhatu?

Ko te TIA tētahi tohu whakatūpato a tō tinana kei te tūpono koe ki te matewhatu. Ahakoa ka ngaro ngā tohu i te tere, kei te noho tonu te raruraru taketake, me te hiahia ki te tiaki hauora tonu.

Ko te rongo pai ko ngā TIA e taea te tukatuka, ā, ka taea e te tiaki hauora tika te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga ki te matewhatu. Ka haere tonu te maha o te iwi ki te ora noa, hauora i muri i te TIA me te maimoatanga tika me ngā whakarereketanga ora.

Whakaarohia he wā hei whakahaere i tō hauora te TIA. Mā te mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora me te mahi i ngā whakarereketanga e hiahiatia ana, ka taea e koe te whakapai ake i tō tirohanga roa me tō kounga ora.

Ngā Pātai Auau e Uihia ana mō te Whakaeke Matewhatu

Ka taea e koe te whiwhi TIA, kāore e mohiotia?

Ae, ka pā etahi ki ngā tohu TIA ngawari rawa atu ka taea e rātou te whakakore i te ngenge, te wiri, te whakapohehe wā poto rānei. Heoi, ko ētahi atu tohu neurological ohorere e tika ana kia aromatawaihia te hauora, ahakoa ka iti, ka ngaro tere rānei.

E hia te roa o ngā tohu TIA?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tohu TIA e roa ana i waenganui i ngā meneti torutoru ki ngā haora torutoru. I runga i te whakatau, me mutu katoa ngā tohu i roto i ngā haora 24. Heoi, ahakoa ka roa ngā tohu i ngā meneti noa iho, me rapu tonu koe i te tiaki hauora tonu.

Ka taea e te ahotea te arahi ki te TIA?

Ahakoa ko te ahotea anake kāore e arahi tika ki ngā TIA, ka taea e te ahotea roa te awhina i ngā take tūponotanga penei i te toto teitei, ngā ngākau kore-tika, me ngā whiringa ora kino. Ko te whakahaere i te ahotea mā ngā rautaki whakahaere hauora he wāhanga nui o te aukati TIA.

He haumaru te taraiwa i muri i te whiwhi TIA?

Kaua e taraiwa tonu i muri i te TIA kia aromatawaihia koe e te taote, kia whakaaetia rānei. Ka aromatawai tō taote i tō āhuatanga motuhake, tae atu ki tō tūponotanga matewhatu me ētahi atu tohu haere tonu, i mua i te tūtohu i te wā e haumaru ana ki te tīmata anō ki te taraiwa.

Ka whiwhi anō rānei au i te TIA, matewhatu rānei?

Ko tō tūponotanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā take maha, tae atu ki ō āhuatanga hauora taketake me te pai o tō whai i ngā tohutohu maimoatanga. Mā te tiaki hauora tika me ngā whakarereketanga ora, kaore te maha o te iwi e whiwhi anō i te TIA, matewhatu rānei. Ka taea e tō taote te āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki tō taumata tūponotanga motuhake.