He aha te kano ārai mate Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG): Ngā whakamahinga, te horopeta, ngā pānga taha me ētahi atu

Ko te kano ārai mate Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) he kano ārai mate huakita ora, kua ngoikore, e āwhina ana ki te ārai i te mate kohi (TB). Kua whakamahia marie tēnei kano ārai mate mō te tata ki te rau tau, ā, kei roto he momo huakita kua whakarerekētia e pā ana ki te TB, e kore e taea te whakaputa i te mate tūturu engari e whakangungu ana i tō pūnaha ārai mate ki te mōhio me te whawhai ki a ia.

Ka tukuna te kano ārai mate BCG hei werohanga kotahi i raro noa iho i te kiri, te nuinga i te ringa o runga. Ahakoa kāore i te whakamahia i te United States, he taputapu hauora tūmatanui nui i roto i te maha o ngā whenua e nui ake ana te TB.

He aha te kano ārai mate BCG?

Ko te kano ārai mate BCG i hangaia mai i te momo huakita ora engari kua ngoikore, e kiia ana ko Mycobacterium bovis. I whakawhanakehia e ngā kaipūtaiao Wīwī a Albert Calmette me Camille Guérin tēnei kano ārai mate i te timatanga o te 1900s mā te āta ngoikore i te huakita i roto i ngā tau maha kia taea ai e ia te whakahihiri i te ārai mate me te kore e whakaputa i te mate.

Whakaarohia he mahi whakangungu mō tō pūnaha ārai mate. Ka whiwhi koe i te kano ārai mate, ka ako tō tinana ki te mōhio me te mahara ki ngā huakita TB, nā reira ki te pā atu koe ki te mea tūturu, ka taea e tō pūnaha ārai mate te urupare tere me te whai hua.

E kiia ana te kano ārai mate he kano ārai mate "ora" nā te mea kei roto ngā huakita ora, ahakoa kua ngoikore. He rerekē tēnei i ngā kano ārai mate "kua mate" e whakamahi ana i ngā huakita kua mate, i ngā wāhanga huakita noa rānei.

He aha te whakamahinga o te kano ārai mate BCG?

Ko te kano ārai mate BCG te mea nui ki te ārai i te mate kohi, ina koa ngā momo kino e pā ana ki ngā tamariki. He tino whai hua ki te ārai i te TB meningitis (ka pā te TB ki te roro me te taurakira) me te TB kua horahia (ka horahia te TB puta noa i te tinana).

I ētahi whenua, ka whakamahi hoki ngā tākuta i te kano ārai mate BCG hei rongoā mō ētahi momo mate pukupuku pūpū. Ka whakatakotoria tika ki roto i te pūpū, ka āwhina i te whakahihiri i te pūnaha ārai mate ki te whawhai i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku.

He pai ake te mahi o te kano ārai mate ina hoatu ki ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi. Kāore i te whai hua ki te ārai i te momo TB i roto i ngā pūkahukahu o ngā pakeke, koinei te take i rerekē ai ngā kaupapa kano ārai mate i waenga i ngā whenua i runga i ō rātou reiti TB.

Me pēhea te mahi a te kano ārai mate BCG?

E kiia ana he kano ārai mate whai hua te āhua o te kano ārai mate BCG e mahi ana mā te whakangungu i tō pūnaha ārai mate kia mōhio ki ngā huakita TB. Ina uru ngā huakita ngoikore ki tō tinana, ka ako ō pūtau ārai mate i a rātou, ka waihanga i tētahi mahara mō te āhua o te TB.

Ka whakaputa tō pūnaha ārai mate i ngā paturopi, ka whakahohe i ngā pūtau ārai mate motuhake e kīia ana ko ngā pūtau T-cell ka taea te whakautu tere ki te pā atu koe ki ngā huakita TB tūturu i muri mai. Ka taea e tēnei mahara ārai mate te roa mō ngā tau maha, ahakoa ka ngoikore pea i te wā.

Ko te kano ārai mate te mea whai hua ki te ārai i ngā momo TB tino kino, e mōrearea ana ki te ora, i ngā tamariki. E whakarato ana i te 70-80% te whakamarumaru ki te TB meningitis me te TB horapa, engari tata ki te 50% te whakamarumaru ki te TB pūkahukahu (pūkahukahu) i roto i ngā pakeke.

Me pēhea taku tango i te kano ārai mate BCG?

Ka hoatu te kano ārai mate BCG hei werohanga kotahi i raro tonu i te kiri (werohanga intradermal) i te ringa o runga. Ka whakamahi tētahi kaiwhakarato hauora i tētahi ngira motuhake hei whakatakoto i te kano ārai mate i waenga i ngā paparanga o tō kiri, kāore i te hōhonu ki roto i te uaua.

Kāore koe e hiahia ki te mahi i tētahi mea motuhake hei whakarite mō te kano ārai mate. Ka taea e koe te kai noa i mua i muri i te werohanga, ā, kāore koe e hiahia ki te tango i te mea me te kai, te wai rānei i te mea ehara i te rongoā waha.

Me noho mā, maroke te wāhi werohanga. Kaua e whakamahi i ngā kirīmi, ngā hinu, ngā takai rānei ki te wāhi ki te kore te kaiwhakarato hauora e tohutohu ana. Ka puta pea tētahi pūpū iti i te wāhi werohanga, ā, ka hanga pea tētahi kirinuku i ngā wiki e whai ake nei.

Kia pehea te roa e tango ai ahau i te kano ārai mate BCG?

Ko te kano ārai mate BCG te tikanga ka tukuna i te horopeta kotahi, i te tamarikitanga, i te wa rānei e tamariki ana. Kāore i rite ki ētahi kano ārai mate e hiahia ana kia maha ngā horopeta, i te nuinga o te wā kotahi anake te werohanga BCG e hiahiatia ana e te tangata i tōna oranga.

Ka taea e te whakamarumaru mai i te kano ārai mate BCG te roa mō te 10-20 tau, ahakoa he rerekē tēnei i te tangata ki te tangata. I te nuinga o ngā wā, kāore ngā werohanga whakanui e tūtohutia, e tika ana rānei mō te iwi whānui.

Heoi, ki te whakamahi koe i te BCG hei rongoā mō te mate pukupuku pūpū, tērā pea ka hiahia koe ki ngā horopeta maha ka tukuna tika ki roto i te pūpū i roto i ngā wiki, i ngā marama rānei. Ka hangaia e tō tākuta mate pukupuku tētahi hōtaka rongoā motuhake i runga i tō āhuatanga takitahi.

He aha ngā pānga taha o te kano ārai mate BCG?

Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka pā ki ngā pānga taha ngawari mai i te kano ārai mate BCG he mea noa, e whakaatu ana kei te urupare tō pūnaha ārai mate. Ko te urupare noa ko te wāhi werohanga, kei reira pea ka kite koe i ngā huringa i roto i ngā wiki e whai ake nei.

Anei te mea ka taea e koe te tūmanako hei urupare noa i te wāhi werohanga:

• He pūkohu whero iti ka puta i roto i te 2-6 wiki
• Ka nui ake pea te pūkohu, i ētahi wā ka huri hei whewhe iti, pāpaku
• Ka hanga pea tētahi kirinuku, ka taka atu i te mutunga, ka waiho he kōpū iti
• Ka rere pea tētahi wai mārama, paku pōkaikaha rānei mai i te wāhi
• He ngawari te pāwera, te mamae rānei i te ringa

Ko ēnei urupare ā-rohe he tohu tūturu kei te mahi te kano ārai mate, kei te hanga tō tinana i te ārai mate. Ka roa pea te 2-6 marama te tukanga whakaora kia oti.

Ko ngā pānga taha kāore i te noa engari he mea noa tonu ko:

• Ngā pona rākau pupuhi i te taha o te ringa i te taha kotahi o te werohanga
• Te kirika ngawari (te tikanga he iti)
• Te ngenge whānui, te kore rānei e pai mō te rā, e rua rānei

Ko ēnei tohumate te tikanga ka ngaro noa iho, kāore hoki e hiahia rongoā.

He onge ngā pānga taha nui, engari ka puta pea. Whakapā atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora mēnā ka pā ki a koe:

• Te kirika nui (nui ake i te 101°F, 38.3°C rānei) e roa ana neke atu i te 2-3 rā
• Te pupuhi nui, te mamae rānei i te wāhi werohanga
• Ngā tohu o te mate, pērā i ngā rārangi whero e toro atu ana i te wāhi werohanga
• Te whewhe nui, te whewhe tonu rānei i te wāhi werohanga (nui ake i te 1 cm)
• Ngā pona pūkahukahu e pupuhi ana, ka nui rawa, ka mamae rānei

Ko ngā raruraru tino onge ko te mate BCG e horapa ana, ka pā ki ngā tāngata he ngoikore rawa te pūnaha ārai mate. Koinei te take kāore te kano ārai mate e hoatu ki ngā tāngata e pā ana ki ētahi mate o te pūnaha ārai mate.

Ko wai kāore e tika kia tango i te kano ārai mate BCG?

Kāore te kano ārai mate BCG i te haumaru mō te katoa, otirā mō te hunga he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate. I te mea he huakita ora kei roto, ka mōhiotia ka pā te mate kino ki ngā tāngata kāore e taea e ō rātou tinana te whawhai i ngā iroriki ngoikore.

Kāore koe e whiwhi i te kano ārai mate BCG mēnā he:

• Mate HIV, AIDS rānei
• Te mate pukupuku e pā ana ki te pūnaha ārai mate (pērā i te leukemia, lymphoma rānei)
• Ngā mate ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate tuatahi
• Kei te tango rongoā e aukati ana i te pūnaha ārai mate (pērā i ngā steroid nui, te rongoā matū rānei)
• Kua whakawhitia he okana
• Kei te whiwhi rongoā iraruke

Kāore hoki te kano ārai mate e tūtohutia mō:

• Ngā wāhine hapū (ahakoa te nuinga he haumaru i te wā e whāngai ana)
• Ngā tāngata e pā ana ki te mate TB
• Te hunga e pā ana ki te mate nui, te kirika rānei
• Tētahi e pā ana ki te mate kiri nui i te wāhi werohanga
• Ngā tāngata kua pā ki te tauhohenga pānga nui ki te kano ārai mate BCG o mua

I tua atu, ko ngā pēpi i whānau mai i ngā whaea e pā ana ki te HIV kāore e tika kia whiwhi kano ārai mate BCG kia whakatauhia rātou, i te mea kua riro pea i a rātou ngā raruraru o te pūnaha ārai mate.

Ngā Ingoa Waitohu Kano Ārai Mate BCG

Kei te wātea te kano ārai mate BCG i raro i ētahi ingoa waitohu i te ao katoa, ahakoa he rerekē te wātea i ia whenua. I te United States, ina whakamahia mō te rongoā mate pukupuku pūpū, he maha ngā wā e mōhiotia ana e ngā ingoa waitohu pēnei i te TICE BCG, i te TheraCys rānei.

He rerekē pea ngā momo huakita BCG e hangaia ana e ngā kaihanga rerekē, engari he rite tonu te mahi. Ka whakamahia e tō tākuta hauora te putanga e wātea ana, e tika ana mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Mēnā kei te haere koe ki tāwāhi, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki ngā rekoata kano ārai mate, me mōhio koe ki te kano ārai mate BCG i whiwhi koe, nā te mea he pai pea ētahi whenua ki ētahi momo, ki ētahi kaihanga rānei.

Ētahi atu kano ārai mate BCG

I tēnei wā, kāore he ētahi atu kano ārai mate e wātea ana ki te kano ārai mate BCG mō te ārai i te mate kohi. Ahakoa kei te mahi ngā kairangahau ki te whakawhanake i ngā kano ārai mate TB hou, ko te BCG tonu te kano ārai mate whaimana anake mō te ārai i te TB i te ao katoa.

Mō te hunga kāore e taea te whiwhi i te kano ārai mate BCG nā te raru o te pūnaha ārai mate, ka arotahi te ārai ki te karo i te pānga ki te TB, me te whai i ngā tātari auau. Kei roto pea i tēnei ko te tango i ngā paturopi ārai mēnā kua pā koe ki tētahi tangata e mate ana i te TB kaha.

Mō te rongoā mate pukupuku pūpū, ko ētahi atu kano ārai mate ki te BCG ko ētahi atu rongoā ārai mate, ngā rongoā matū e tukuna tika ana ki roto i te pūpū, ngā tikanga pokanga rānei. Ka taea e tō tākuta mate pukupuku te kōrero i ēnei kōwhiringa mēnā kāore te BCG e tika ana mōu.

He pai ake te kano ārai mate BCG i ētahi atu tikanga ārai TB?

I tēnei wā, ko te kano ārai mate BCG te taputapu pai rawa atu mō te ārai i ngā momo TB kaha i roto i ngā tamariki, engari kāore i te tino pai. He tino whai hua ina honoa ki ētahi atu rautaki ārai TB, kaua ki te whakamahi anake.

Ki te whakataurite ki te kore werohanga, ka tino whakaiti te BCG i te tūponotanga o te mate roro TB me te TB i horahia i roto i ngā tamariki. Heoi, he iti ake te whakamarumaru i te TB pūkahukahu, ina koa i roto i ngā pakeke, koinei te take e kore ai e whakaurua e te maha o ngā whenua he iti te reiti TB ki roto i ā rātou hōtaka werohanga.

Ko te aukati TB tino whai hua e whakakotahi ana i te werohanga BCG (mehemea e tika ana) me ngā tikanga whakahaere mate pai, te kimi wawe me te rongoā i ngā keehi TB kaha, me te rongoā aukati mō ngā tāngata e tūpono nui ana ki te whakawhanake TB.

Ngā Pātai e Pātai pinepine ana mō te Werohanga BCG

He haumaru te Werohanga BCG mō ngā tāngata e mate huka ana?

He haumaru te werohanga BCG mō ngā tāngata e mate huka ana, mena he pai te whakahaere i te mate huka, ā, kāore he raru o te pūnaha ārai mate. Ko te mate huka anō kāore i te nuinga o te wā e whakaiti i te pūnaha ārai mate kia tūpono ai te werohanga BCG.

Heoi, ko ngā tāngata e mate huka ana tērā pea he iti ake te tūponotanga ki te whakawhanake i ngā mate, nō reira he mea nui kia āta aroturuki i te wāhi werohanga mō ngā tohu o te whakaora rerekē, te mate rānei. Tērā pea ka hiahia tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki te whai ake kia mōhio ai kei te pai te whakaora o te wāhi werohanga.

Me aha au mēnā ka whiwhi au i te nui rawa o te Werohanga BCG?

He iti rawa te tūponotanga ki te whiwhi i te nui rawa o te werohanga BCG i te mea ka hoatu i te horopeta kotahi, i āta ine e te kaiwhakarato hauora. Ka tae mai te werohanga i roto i ngā pounamu kua āta ine, ā, kua whakangungua ngā kaiwhakarato hauora ki te horopeta tika.

Mēnā kei te māharahara koe mō te whiwhi i te horopeta hē, whakapā atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora tonu. Ka taea e rātou te aromatawai i tō āhuatanga me te aroturuki i a koe mō ngā urupare rerekē, ahakoa he tino onge ngā raru nui mai i ngā hē horopeta.

Me aha au mēnā ka ngaro au i te Werohanga BCG kua whakaritea?

I te mea he kotahi noa te horopeta o te BCG, karekau he "horopeta kua ngaro" penei i nga rongoa e inu ana koe i nga wa katoa. Mena i ngaro koe i te wa whakarite mo te werohanga BCG, me whakarite ano me to kaiwhakarato hauora i te wa e taea ai.

Mo nga kohungahunga me nga tamariki, he tino whai hua te BCG ina hoatu wawe ana i te wa o te oranga, no reira kaua e roa rawa te whakarite ano. Heoi, ka whai hua tonu te kano kano ahakoa ka hoatu i muri mai i te mea i whakaritea.

Ahea Ka Kati Au i te Māharahara mō ngā Pānga taha o te Kano ārai mate BCG?

Ko te nuinga o nga paanga taha o te kano kano BCG ka puta i roto i nga wiki tuatahi ki nga marama i muri i te werohanga. Ko te tauhohenga i te waahi werohanga ka timata i te 2-6 wiki i muri i te werohanga, ka haere tonu mo te 2-6 marama i te wa e hanga ana to tinana i te aukati.

Kia oti rawa te waahi werohanga te rongoa, a kua hoki nga pona ngongo kua pupuhi ki te rahi noa, ka taea e koe te whakamutu i te aroturuki i nga paanga taha e pa ana ki te kano kano. Ko te tikanga ka puta tenei i roto i nga marama e 6 o te werohanga.

Ka Taea e Au te Whakamātautau Kiri Tuberculosis i muri i te Werohanga BCG?

Ka taea e te werohanga BCG te pa ki nga hua o te whakamatautau kiri tuberculosis, ka puta pea nga hua pai teka mo nga tau maha i muri i te werohanga. Ko tenei na te mea ka uru pea to punaha aukati ki te whakamatautau kiri ahakoa karekau he TB kaha.

Mena kua werohia koe ki te BCG, ka pai pea to kaiwhakarato hauora ki te whakamahi i nga whakamatautau toto e kiia nei ko te interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) hei tirotiro mo te mate TB, na te mea karekau enei whakamatautau e pa ana ki te werohanga BCG. Me whakamohio tonu ki to kaiwhakarato hauora mo nga werohanga BCG o mua i te wa e whakamatauria ana mo te TB.