He aha te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 (Equine): Ngā Whakamahinga, Inenga, Ngā Pānga Taha me Ētahi Atu

Ko te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 (Equine) he rongoā patu-paitini motuhake e whakamahia ana hei rongoā i ngā ngau a ngā nakahi paitini i Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. E mahi ana tēnei rongoā whakaora-ora mā te whakakore i ngā paitini mōrearea e werohia ana e ngā nakahi poka pērā i ngā rattlesnakes, copperheads, me ngā cottonmouths i te wā e ngau ana rātou. Ki te mea kua ngaua koe, tētahi rānei e mōhio ana koe, e tētahi nakahi paitini, ka waiho tēnei rongoā patu-paitini hei rerekētanga i waenga i te whakaora me ngā raruraru nui.

He aha te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 (Equine)?

Ko te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 he rongoā patu-paitini i hangaia mai i ngā patu-ārai i tangohia mai i ngā hōiho i whakaaturia marie ki ngā paitini nakahi. Ka whanake te ārai mate i ngā hōiho i te roanga o te wā, ā, ka tango me te pure i ēnei patu-ārai whakamarumaru e ngā kaipūtaiao hei hanga i te rongoā. Whakaarohia me te mea e tārewa ana i te pūnaha ārai mate o te hōiho hei āwhina i te whawhai i te paitini nakahi i tō tinana.

E whai ana tēnei rongoā patu-paitini i te whānau Crotalidae o ngā nakahi, e uru ana ki ngā nakahi poka paitini katoa e kitea ana i Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. Ko te wāhanga "F(ab')2" e pā ana ki te momo motuhake o ngā wāhanga patu-ārai e whakamahia ana, i hangaia hei mahi tere me te whai hua i te wā e whakaiti ana i te tūponotanga o ngā tauhohenga pāwera.

He aha te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 e whakamahia ana?

E rongoā ana tēnei rongoā patu-paitini i te envenomation mai i ngā ngau nakahi poka o Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. Ko te tikanga o te Envenomation kua uru kē te paitini ki tō tinana me te pānga kino, ehara i te mea i ngaua koe e tētahi nakahi.

Ko ngā nakahi matua e mahi ana tēnei rongoā patu-paitini ki a rātou ko ngā rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouths (water moccasins), me ētahi atu nakahi poka. E werohia ana e ēnei nakahi te paitini ka taea te whara nui i te kiko, ngā raruraru whakaheke toto, me ngā raruraru e mōrearea ana ki te ora ki te kore e rongoātia.

Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta tēnei rongoā patu paihana ina kitea e tētahi tangata ngā tohu o te paitini nui, pērā i te pūhi nui, ngā raruraru toto, ngā tohu pūnaha rānei pērā i te uaua ki te hā, ngā huringa rānei i te tere o te ngākau. Kāore e hiahiatia e ngā ngau nā te nakahi te rongoā patu paihana, engari ina hiahiatia, he mea tino nui.

Me pēhea te mahi a Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

E mahi ana tēnei rongoā patu paihana mā te here tika me te whakakore i ngā wāhanga paitini i roto i te paihana nakahi. Ina tūtaki ngā paturopi i roto i te rongoā ki ngā paitini paihana i roto i tō toto, ka piri rātou ki a rātou pērā i te kī e uru ana ki roto i te raka, ka kore ai e whara ngā paitini.

Ka tere te mahi i tēnei tukanga i te wā e uru ana te rongoā patu paihana ki tō pūnaha mā te IV. Ka huri ngā paturopi i roto i tō toto, e rapu ana i ngā wāhanga paihana me te whakakore i a rātou i mua i te whara atu i ō kiko, ō oko toto, ō okana rānei.

E whakaarohia ana he wawaotanga ngawari ki te kaha i roto i te rongoā ohorere. Ahakoa ehara i te rongoā tino kaha e wātea ana, he kaha ki te whakakore i ngā pānga paitini e whakatuma ana i te ora, ā, e rāhui ana mō ngā keehi paitini nui e nui ake ana ngā painga i ngā tūponotanga.

Me pēhea taku tango i te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Kāore e taea e koe te tango i tēnei rongoā i a koe anō - me hoatu e ngā tāngata rongoā whakangungu i roto i te hōhipera, i te wāhi ohorere rānei. Ka whakahaerehia te rongoā patu paihana mā te rārangi intravenous (IV) tika ki roto i tō toto.

I mua i te whiwhi i te rongoā patu paihana, ka arotakehia e ngā kaimahi rongoā tō āhuatanga, ā, ka hoatu pea ki a koe ngā rongoā hei aukati i ngā tauhohenga pāwera. Ko te whakaurunga ka tīmata mā te pōturi ki te aroturuki i ngā tauhohenga tonu, kātahi ka piki pea te reiti ki te pai tō tū.

Kāore he here kai e pā ana ki tēnei rongoā, engari ka noho pea koe i roto i tētahi wāhi rongoā ohorere, ā, ka iti pea te kai me te inu. Mā te rōpū rongoā e whakahaere ngā āhuatanga katoa o tō atawhai, tae atu ki te wā me te aha ka taea e koe te kai i te wā o te rongoā.

Kia pēhea te roa e tango ai au i te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Ko te roa o te rongoā e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha o tō paitini, me te pēhea o tō urupare ki ngā horopeta tuatahi. Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka whiwhi i te antivenom i roto i ngā hāora maha i te wā o tā rātou rongoā tuatahi.

Ka hiahia pea ētahi tūroro i ētahi atu horopeta mēnā ka kino ake ngā tohu, ka kore rānei e pai ake i muri i te rongoā tuatahi. Mā te rōpū rongoā e aroturuki tonu tō āhua - tae atu ki ngā whakamātautau toto, ngā tohu nui, me ngā tohu - hei whakatau mēnā e hiahiatia ana he antivenom anō.

Ka roa pea te whakaora mai i te paitini nakahi i ngā rā ki ngā wiki, engari ko te rongoā antivenom kaha ka puta i roto i ngā hāora 24-48 i muri i te ngau. Mā ō tākuta e whakatau ngā whakatau katoa mō te roa o te rongoā i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake.

He aha ngā pānga taha o te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Pērā i ngā rongoā katoa, ka taea e tēnei antivenom te pānga taha, ahakoa he iti noa ngā tauhohenga nui. I te mea he mea hanga mai i ngā paturopi hōiho, ka tauhohe pea tō pūnaha ārai mate ki ēnei pūmua ke.

Ko te māramatanga ki ngā tauhohenga ka taea te āwhina i a koe kia rite ake, ahakoa me mahara ko ngā tohunga rongoā e aroturuki tata ana i a koe i te wā o te rongoā:

• Ngā tauhohenga ngawari pērā i te pūwhā kiri, te mōmona, te māngere rānei i te wāhi werohanga
• Te whakapairuaki, te pōpō rānei o te puku
• Te mamae o te upoko, te kirika ngawari rānei
• Ngā mamae uaua, te kore rānei o te pai whānui

Ko ngā tauhohenga nui ake engari he iti noa iho te auau ka uru pea ki te uaua ki te manawa, te pupuhi nui, te pōkae o te uma, te hekenga nui rānei o te pēhanga toto. Koinei ngā momo tauhohenga e mātakitaki ana tō rōpū hauora, ā, ka taea te rongoā tonu mēnā ka puta.

Ka pā pea ki ētahi tāngata ngā tauhohenga kua roa te wā, arā, ngā rā, ngā wiki rānei i muri i te rongoā, tae atu ki te mamae tahi, te kirika, te pupuhi o ngā kōpuku rāpoi. Ko ēnei tohumate, ahakoa he kore mārie, he mea whakahaere noa, ā, ka ngaro me te atawhai tika.

Ko wai e kore e tango Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

He iti rawa ngā take tino tika hei karo i tēnei antivenom ina tino hiahiatia, nā te mea ka mōrearea te ngau o te nakahi ki te ora. Heoi anō, me whai tūpato anō ētahi tāngata, me mātakitaki motuhake rānei i te wā o te rongoā.

Ko ngā tāngata he nui te mate pāwera ki ngā hōiho, ki ngā hua hōiho rānei, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā tauhohenga pāwera. Mēnā he mate pāwera hōiho tōna, ka whai tūpato anō tō rōpū hauora, pērā i te rongoā i mua ki ngā antihistamines me ngā steroids, me te mātakitaki i a koe kia tata ake.

Ko te hunga he nui te mate huangō, ētahi atu āhuatanga rānei o te manawa, ka hiahia pea ki te mātakitaki tupato, nā te mea ka pā te manawa ki ētahi tauhohenga pāwera. Heoi anō, ehara tēnei i te mea e kore e taea e koe te tango i te antivenom - ko te tikanga anake ka tino tūpato tō rōpū hauora ki tō tūnga manawa.

Ka taea e ngā wāhine hapū te tango i tēnei antivenom ina hiahiatia, nā te mea ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te ngau nakahi kāore i rongoatia i ngā tūponotanga pea ki te whaea me te pēpi. Ka āta whakatau tō tākuta i ēnei āhuatanga i tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Ngā ingoa waitohu Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2

Ko te waitohu e whakamahia nuitia ana o tēnei antivenom i te United States ko CroFab (Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab). He putanga hou anō tōna ko ANAVIP (Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 Equine), koinei te momo e kōrerohia ana e mātou.

He rite tonu te kaupapa o ngā rongoā e rua – te rongoā i te paitini o te nakahi pit – engari he rerekē iti ā rātou hanganga me ngā hōtaka inenga. Mā te rōpū hauora e whiriwhiri te kōwhiringa e tika ana i runga i te wātea, tō āhuatanga motuhake, me ngā tikanga o te hōhipera.

Ngā kōwhiringa kē ki te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2

I Amerika ki te Raki, he iti noa ngā kōwhiringa kē ki tēnei antivenom motuhake mō te rongoā i ngā ngau a te nakahi pit. Ko te kōwhiringa kē matua ko te CroFab, e whakamahi ana i tētahi momo rerekē o te wāhanga antibody (Fab hei utu mō F(ab')2) engari he rite tonu te kaupapa nui.

Ka whai pea ētahi hōhipera i ngā antivenom rerekē i runga i tō rātou wāhi me ngā momo nakahi e kitea ana i tō rātou rohe. Heoi anō, mō ngā ngau a te nakahi pit o Amerika ki te Raki, ko ngā antivenom Crotalidae te paerewa me te rongoā tino whai hua.

I waho atu i te antivenom, ko ngā mehua tautoko pēnei i te whakahaere mamae, te tiaki patunga, me te aroturuki mō ngā raruraru he wāhanga nui o te rongoā, engari kāore e taea e rātou te whakakapi i te hiahia mō te antivenom i ngā keehi paitini nui.

He pai ake te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 i te CroFab?

He tino whai hua ngā antivenom e rua mō te rongoā i te paitini o te nakahi pit, engari he rerekētanga ō rātou e āhei ai tētahi ki te pai ake i tētahi i ētahi āhuatanga.

Ka iti pea ngā inenga e hiahiatia ana e te ANAVIP (F(ab')2) nā te mea ka noho roa ake i tō pūnaha i te CroFab. Ko te tikanga tēnei he iti ake ngā haerenga ki te hōhipera mō ngā rongoā atu, e kitea ana e ētahi tāngata he pai ake i te wā o rātou whakaora.

Kua roa te whakamahi i te CroFab, ā, he nui ake te wheako haumanu kei muri i a ia, e pai ana ētahi tākuta. Heoi anō, he rekoata haumaru me te whai hua pai ō rātou e rua. Mā te rōpū hauora e whiriwhiri i runga i te mea e wātea ana, tō āhuatanga motuhake, me tō rātou wheako haumanu.

Ko te mea nui ko te whiwhi i te rongoa antivenom tika i te wa e tika ana, ahakoa te waitohu e whakamahia ana. Ka taea e nga rongoa e rua te whakaora i te oranga ina whakahaerea tika.

Nga patai e paingia ana mo Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2

Q1. He haumaru te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 mo nga tangata e mate ana i te ngakau?

Ae, ka taea te hoatu tenei antivenom ki nga tangata e mate ana i te ngakau i te wa e tika ana te rongoa ngau nakahi. Ka tino aro turuki to roopu hauora i to reiti ngakau me te toto toto i te wa e rongoatia ana.

Ko nga tupono o te kore rongoa i te ngau nakahi - tae atu ki nga paanga ki to punaha cardiovascular mai i te paihana ake - te tikanga ka nui ake i nga tupono o te rongoa antivenom. Ka whakatika o taakuta i te aroturuki me te manaaki tautoko i runga i to mate ngakau.

Q2. Me aha ahau ki te whiwhi ohorere ahau i te nui rawa o te Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

E kore e taea e koe te whiwhi nui rawa atu o tenei rongoa na te mea ka hoatu anake e nga tohunga rongoa whakangungu i roto i nga waahi hōhipera whakahaere. Ka ata tatau te inenga i runga i to taumaha, to tohu, me te urupare ki te rongoa.

Mena kei te awangawanga koe mo to rongoa, kei te pa ki nga tohu rereke, korero tonu ki to roopu hauora. Ka taea e ratou te arotake mena e pa ana o tohu ki te antivenom, te ngau nakahi ake, etahi atu mea ranei.

Q3. Me aha ahau ki te ngaro ahau i te horopeta o Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Kaore tenei patai e pa ana ki te rongoa antivenom na te mea ehara koe i te kawenga mo te tango i nga horopeta. Ka whakahaere to roopu hauora i nga ahuatanga katoa o te inenga me te wa i runga i to ahuatanga me te urupare ki te rongoa.

Mena kei te awangawanga koe mo to mahere rongoa, he patai ranei mo te tiaki whai muri, korerohia enei ki o kaiwhakarato hauora. Ka taea e ratou te whakamarama he aha te mea e tumanakohia ana me te wa e hiahiatia ana etahi atu rongoa.

Q4. Āhea au e mutu ai te tango Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Mā ō tākuta e whakatau āhea te rongoā antivenom e oti ai, i runga i ō tohu, i ngā whakamātautau toto, me te ahunga whakamua o tō whakaora. Kāore e hiahiatia e te nuinga o te tāngata te rongoā antivenom tonu i te wā i angitu ai te rongoā tuatahi ki te whawhai i te paihana.

Heoi anō, ka roa pea te wiki te whakaora mai i te ngau nā te nakahi, ā, tērā pea ka hiahia koe ki ētahi atu rongoā tautoko i tēnei wā. Mā tō rōpū hauora koe e ārahi i te wā katoa o te whakaora, ā, mā rātou koe e whakamōhio ki ngā mea e tūmanakohia ana.

Q5. Ka taea e au te taraiwa i muri i te whiwhinga Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Kāore koe e taraiwa i muri tonu i te whiwhinga rongoā antivenom. Ko te ngau nā te nakahi, te antivenom, me ētahi atu rongoā i whiwhi koe, ka pā katoa ki tō kaha ki te taraiwa haumaru.

Mā tō rōpū hauora koe e tohutohu āhea te wā e haumaru ai te hoki ki ngā mahi noa pēnei i te taraiwa. E whakawhirinaki ana tēnei whakatau ki te ahunga whakamua o tō whakaora, ki ō tohu e haere tonu ana, me ngā rongoā e tango ana koe mō te mamae, mō ētahi atu pānga rānei o te paihana.