

Health Library
October 10, 2025
Question on this topic? Get an instant answer from August.
Ko te ara rongoā waipiro momona he kai totika wai motuhake ka tukuna tika ki roto i tō toto mā te raina IV. Ko tēnei otinga kirīmi, pēnei i te miraka, e whakarato ana i ngā momona me ngā kārohi e tika ana i te wā e kore ai tō tinana e whiwhi kai totika tika mā te kai, i te wā rānei e hiahia ana tō pūnaha kūnatu kia okioki katoa.
E whakamahi ana ngā kaiwhakarato hauora i tēnei rongoā i roto i ngā hōhipera me ngā wāhi haumanu hei wāhanga o te kai totika parenteral katoa (TPN) hei rānei rongoā motuhake mō ngā āhuatanga rongoā motuhake. Whakaarohia he huarahi ki te tuku i ngā matūkai nui ki ō pūtau i te wā e kore ai te ara noa mā tō puku me ō whekau e mahi tika ana.
He pūtake nui te waipiro momona o ngā kārohi me ngā waikawa momona e tika ana i te wā e kore ai tō tinana e āhei te tukatuka kai i te tikanga. Ka tūtohu tō rōpū hauora i tēnei rongoā i te wā e hiahia ana tō pūnaha kūnatu kia okioki katoa, i te wā rānei e kore ai koe e āhei te ngote i ngā matūkai tika mā ō whekau.
Ko te take tino noa e tohutohu ana ngā tākuta i te waipiro momona ko te wāhanga o te kai totika parenteral katoa mō ngā tūroro e kore e āhei te kai mō ngā wā roa. Ka pēnei pea i muri i te pokanga nui, i te wā o te mate nui, i te wā rānei e ora ana tō ara kūnatu i te wharanga, i te mate rānei.
I ētahi wā, ka whakamahia te waipiro momona hei rongoā motuhake mō ētahi momo paitini, ina koa mai i ngā rongoā rōpū pēnei i te lidocaine, i te bupivacaine rānei. I ēnei āhuatanga ohorere, ka āwhina te momona ki te here ki ngā matū paitini me te tango i a rātou i tō pūnaha.
E mahi ana te waipiro momona mā te whakarato i tō tinana ki ngā waikawa momona e tika ana me ngā kārohi kukume tika mā tō toto. E whakawātea ana tēnei i tō pūnaha kūnatu katoa, e āhei ana ō pūtau ki te whiwhi i ngā matūkai nui ahakoa e kore e āhei tō puku me ō whekau te mahi tika.
Kei roto i te rongoā ngā matū ngako iti e mau ana i roto i te wai, he rite ki te ahua kirīmi o te miraka. He iti rawa ēnei matū hei haere marie i roto i ō uaua toto, ka mimiti e ō pūtau mō te pūngao me ngā mahi nui.
Inā whakamahia hei rongoā mō te paitini tarukino, ka hangaia e te rongoā ngako he pānga "tāpō wai ngako". Ka kukume ngā ngota ngako me te here ki ētahi matū paitini, e āwhina ana ki te tango atu i tō ngākau me ētahi atu okana nui e mōrearea ai.
Ka hoatu tonu te rongoā ngako e ngā tākuta whakangungu mā te raina IV motuhake, i te hōhipera, i te wāhi haumanu rānei. Kāore e taea e koe te tango i tēnei rongoā mā te waha, me te aro turuki i te wā o te whakauru.
Ko te raina IV te tikanga ka whakatakotoria ki roto i te uaua nui, i tō ringa, i tō uma rānei, i runga i te roa o te wā e hiahia ana koe ki te rongoā. Ka tīmata tō nēhi i te whakauru i te pōturi, ka piki haere te tere i te urutau o tō tinana ki te whiwhi i te rongoā ngako.
I te wā o te whakauru, ka aroturukihia koe mō ngā tohu o te pānga, o ngā raruraru rānei. Ko te tikanga ka roa te maha o ngā hāora, ā, ka whiwhi pea koe i te maha o ngā horopeta i roto i ngā rā, i ngā wiki rānei, i runga i tō āhua hauora me ō hiahia kai.
Ko te roa o te rongoā ngako e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō āhua hauora me ō hiahia kai. Ko ētahi tūroro ka hiahia anake mō te rā torutoru, i ētahi atu ka hiahia wiki, marama rānei o te rongoā.
Mēnā kei te whiwhi koe i te rongoā ngako hei wāhanga o te kai parenteral katoa, ka haere tonu te rongoā kia taea e tō pūnaha kūnatu te whakahaere i te kai auau anō. Ka pēnei pea i muri i te whakaoranga pokanga, i te wā e ngaro ana te mate, i te wā rānei e whakatau ana tō tākuta kua rite ō whekau ki te tukatuka i ngā matūkai i te tikanga.
Mō ngā tūroro e whiwhi ana i te rongoā momona hei rongoā mō te paitini, he poto ake te maimoatanga, he kotahi noa te horopeta, he torutoru rānei ngā horopeta i roto i ngā hāora. Mā te rōpū hauora e aroturuki tō urupare, ā, ka whakatika i te mahere maimoatanga i runga i tērā.
He pai te whakawhitiwhiti o te nuinga o ngā tūroro i te rongoā momona, engari pērā i ētahi atu maimoatanga hauora, ka pā ngā pānga taha. Mā te māramatanga ki ngā mea e tūmanakohia ana ka āwhina i a koe ki te whai wāhi, me te mōhio ki te wā hei whakatūpato i tō rōpū hauora.
Ngā pānga taha noa e pā ana ki te nuinga o ngā tūroro ko te ngāwari o te whakapairuaki, te ānini, te pūngao rānei ahakoa kāore anō koe i kai. Ka kite pea koe i te whero, i te mahana rānei i tō mata me tō uma, ka ngaro noa iho i te wā e urutau ana tō tinana ki te maimoatanga.
Anei ngā pānga taha noa e pā ana ki a koe:
He wā poto noa iho ēnei tohumate, ka pai ake i te wā e urutau ana tō tinana ki te maimoatanga. Mā te rōpū hauora e aroturuki tata ana i a koe, ā, ka taea te whakatika i te reiti whakauru ki te hiahiatia.
He iti noa iho ngā pānga taha nui, engari me whai wāhi tonu te rongoā. Ka uru pea ēnei ki ngā tauhohenga mate pāwera nui, ngā uaua manawa, ngā huringa nui rānei i tō reiti ngākau, i te pēhanga toto rānei.
Ngā pānga taha onge engari nui e hiahia ana kia whai wāhi tonu:
Kua whakangungua tō rōpū hauora ki te mōhio me te whakahaere i ēnei raruraru i te wa poto. Ka aroturukihia e rātou ō tohu nui me ngā mahi toto i ngā wā katoa kia kitea wawe ai ngā raruraru.
Ko ētahi āhuatanga hauora ka kore e haumaru, ka iti ake rānei te whai hua o te emulsion ngako mō ētahi tāngata. Ka āta arotakehia e tō rōpū hauora tō hītori hauora i mua i te tūtohu i tēnei rongoā.
Kāore e tika kia whiwhi te emulsion ngako te hunga e tino pā ana ki te hua manu, nā te mea he maha ngā hanganga kei roto ngā phospholipids hua manu. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā tāngata e pā ana ki ētahi mate ate, ki ngā mate toto nui rānei, tērā pea ka hiahia rongoā kē.
Ngā āhuatanga ka ārai i a koe ki te whiwhi i te emulsion ngako ko:
Ka whakaaro hoki tō tākuta ki ō rongoā o nāianei me ētahi atu rongoā kia mōhio ai kāore te emulsion ngako e pokanoa ki tō mahere tiaki. Ka whakatauritehia e rātou ngā painga ki ngā tūponotanga ka pā ki tō āhuatanga.
He maha ngā kamupene rongoā e hanga ana i ngā hua emulsion ngako, he rerekē ngā hanganga me ngā kukū. Ka whiriwhiria e tō rōpū hauora te kōwhiringa e tika ana i runga i ō hiahia.
Ngā ingoa waitohu noa ko Intralipid, Liposyn, me ClinOleic. Tērā pea kei roto i ēnei hua ngā momo hinu rerekē, pēnei i te hinu soy, te hinu safflower, te hinu oriwa rānei, engari he rite tonu te kaupapa matua o te whakarato ngako me ngā kārohi e tika ana.
Ko te waitohu me te hanganga e whiriwhiria ana e tō tākuta e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ō pānga, te roa o te rongoā e hiahiatia ana, me tō āhuatanga hauora whānui. Ko ngā hua emulsion ngako katoa kua whakaaetia e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa haumaru me te kounga.
Ki te kore e tika te emulsion ngako mō tō āhuatanga, he maha atu ngā kōwhiringa kei te rōpū hauora hei whakarato i te kai me ngā kārohi. Ko te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ō hiahia rongoā me te aha e taea ana e tō tinana te aro atu.
Mēnā kei te mahi tō pūnaha kūnatu, he kōwhiringa pea te kai mā te ngutu mā te ngongo whāngai. E pā ana tēnei ki te tuku kai wai ki tō puku, ki te whekau iti rānei, he mea haumaru ake, he mea tūturu ake i te kai mā te uaua.
Ko ētahi atu kōwhiringa ko ngā momo rerekē o te kai mā te uaua kāore he emulsion ngako, e arotahi ana ki ngā pūmua, ngā warowaihā, ngā huaora, me ngā kohuke. Ka whakaaro pea tō tākuta ki ngā hua kai motuhake i hangaia mō tō āhuatanga rongoā.
Kāore i te pai ake, i te kino ake rānei te emulsion ngako i ētahi atu kōwhiringa kai mā te uaua, engari he mahi motuhake tōna i roto i tō mahere maimoatanga whānui. E whakarato ana i ngā waikawa ngako nui me ngā kārohi mātotoru e kore e taea te tuku whai hua mā ētahi atu wāhanga kai mā te uaua anake.
Ki te whakataurite ki ngā otinga mā te uaua mō te kūhuka anake, he nui ake ngā kārohi e whakaratohia ana e te emulsion ngako i roto i te rōrahi iti, ā, ka āwhina i te aukati i te ngoikoretanga o te waikawa ngako nui. Ka iti ake hoki te pēhanga ki tō ate, ā, ka āwhina i te pupuri i ngā taumata huka toto tūpono.
Ka whakamahi pinepine tō rōpū hauora i te emulsion ngako hei wāhanga o te mahere kai oti, kaua hei maimoatanga motuhake. Mā tēnei huarahi whānui e whakarite kia whiwhi koe i ngā matūkai katoa e hiahiatia ana e tō tinana hei whakaora me te pupuri i te mahi tika.
Āe, ka taea te whakamahi haumaru i te waiu ngako i roto i nga tāngata e mate huka ana, ā, tērā pea ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te huka toto ki te whakataurite ki ngā otinga IV anake te kūhuka. I te mea kāore te waiu ngako e piki tika ana i ngā taumata huka toto pērā i te kūhuka, ka waiho hei wāhanga nui o te rongoā kai mō ngā tūroro mate huka.
Ka mātakitaki tō rōpū hauora i ō taumata huka toto, ā, ka whakatika i ō rongoā mate huka i te mea e tika ana. Ka mahi tahi hoki rātou me tō endocrinologist, tō tohunga mate huka rānei kia mōhio ai kei te pai te mahi o tō mahere rongoā ki tō whakahaere mate huka.
Mēnā ka kite koe i ētahi tohu rerekē i te wā o tō whakawhiwhi waiu ngako, whakamōhio tonu ki tō nēhi, ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora rānei. Ka taea e rātou te arotake tere i ō tohu, ā, ka whakatau mēnā e tika ana ētahi whakatikatika ki tō rongoā.
Ko ngā pānga taha ngawari noa pērā i te pāhohe iti, i te mamae pūpū rānei, ka taea te whakahaere mā te whakaiti i te tere o te whakawhiwhi, mā te whakarato rānei i te manaaki tautoko. Ko ngā tohu nui ake pērā i te uaua ki te hā, te mamae o te uma, i ngā tauhohenga pānga kino rānei, e hiahia ana kia aro mai te rongoā tonu, ā, tērā pea ka mutu te whakawhiwhi.
I te mea ka tukuna te waiu ngako i roto i te hōhipera, i te wāhi haumanu rānei, ka whakahaerehia ngā inenga ngaro e tō rōpū hauora. Ka arotakehia e rātou ō hiahia kai, ā, ka whakatau mēnā me tuku te inenga ngaro, me whakatika te wā, me whakarerekē rānei i tō mahere rongoā.
Ko te ngaro i tētahi inenga kāore i te mōrearea i te wā poto, engari ka pā ki tō kai me tō whakaora. Ka mahi tō rōpū hauora ki te whakaiti i ngā raruraru ki tō mahere rongoā, ā, ka mōhio kei te whiwhi koe i te kai e hiahia ana tō tinana.
Ko te whakatau ki te whakamutu i te rongoā whākōrere ngako e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō āhuatanga hauora me te tūnga kai. Ka arotakehia e tō rōpū hauora i ngā wā katoa mēnā kei te hiahia tonu koe ki te kai mā te uaua, mēnā kua rite tō tinana ki te huri ki te kai waha, ki te kai mā te puku rānei.
Mō te nuinga o ngā tūroro, ka whakamutua te whākōrere ngako i te wā e taea ana e tō rātou pūnaha kūnatu te whakahaere i te kai auau, i te wā rānei kāore anō tō rātou āhuatanga hauora e hiahia ana ki te tautoko kai mā te uaua. Ko te tikanga he pōturi tēnei huringa kia mōhio ai tō tinana kei te whiwhi tonu i te kai e tika ana.
Ki te whakamahia tika i raro i te tirotiro hauora, he pai te whākōrere ngako mō te whakamahi wā poto me te wā roa. Heoi, pērā i ētahi atu rongoā, me mātakitaki tonu te whakamahi mō te wā roa kia kore ai e puta ngā raruraru.
Ka tirohia e tō rōpū hauora i ngā wā katoa ō mahi toto, te mahi ate, me te tūnga kai whānui kia mōhio ai kei te haumaru tonu me te whai hua te rongoā. Ka mātakitaki hoki rātou i ngā tohu o ngā raruraru, ka whakatika i tō mahere rongoā i te mea e tika ana kia whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga i te wā e whakanui ana i ngā painga.
6Mpeople
Get clear medical guidance
on symptoms, medications, and lab reports.