He aha te Insulin (Ara Parenteral): Ngā Whakamahinga, te Inenga, ngā Pānga taha, me ētahi atu mea

Ko te Insulin e hoatu ana mā te ara parenteral te tikanga ko te insulin e tukuna tika ana ki tō tinana mā te werohanga, i raro i tō kiri, i roto rānei i te uaua. Mā tēnei tikanga ka mōhio ai te insulin ka tae wawe me te whai hua ki tō toto, ka karo katoa i tō pūnaha kūnatu.

Mēnā kei a koe, kei tētahi rānei e manaaki ana koe te hiahia ki te rongoā insulin, mā te māramatanga ki te pēhea te mahi a te insulin parenteral ka āwhina i a koe kia māia ake mō tēnei rongoā nui. Kua āwhina tēnei tikanga tuku i te iwi ki te whakahaere i te mate huka mō te tata ki te rau tau.

He aha te Insulin (Ara Parenteral)?

Ko te insulin parenteral he rongoā insulin e hoatu ana mā te werohanga, kaua mā te waha. Ko te kupu "parenteral" te tikanga "waho o ngā whekau," e whakaahua ana i ngā ara katoa e karo ana i tō pūnaha kūnatu.

Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā werohanga i raro i te kiri (i raro i tō kiri), ngā werohanga i roto i te uaua (i roto i te uaua), me ngā werohanga i roto i te uaua (i roto i te kiko uaua). Ko te nuinga o te iwi e mate huka ana e whakamahi ana i ngā werohanga i raro i te kiri, koinei te tikanga tino noa me te pai.

Ka whakaputa noa tō tinana i te insulin i roto i tō pūkahukahu, engari me hiahia ētahi atu insulin ētahi tāngata ki te whakahaere i ō rātou taumata huka toto. Mā te tuku parenteral ka mōhio ai tēnei rongoā whakaora-ora ka tae ki tō toto i te wā tika me te kukū tika.

He aha te Insulin (Ara Parenteral) e whakamahia ana mō?

Ko te insulin parenteral te mea tuatahi e rongoā ana i te mate huka mellitus, te momo 1 me te momo 2. E hiahia ana te iwi e mate huka ana i te momo 1 i te insulin nā te mea he iti, kāore rānei te insulin e whakaputaina e ō rātou pūkahukahu.

He maha ngā tāngata e mate huka ana i te momo 2 e whai hua ana i te rongoā insulin, ina koa ka piki ake tō rātou āhuatanga, kāore rānei ētahi atu rongoā e tika ana. Ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i te insulin mēnā ka noho tiketike rawa ō taumata huka toto ahakoa ētahi atu rongoā.

I tua atu i te whakahaere i te mate huka, ka āwhina te insulin parenteral ki te rongoā i te ketoacidosis diabetic, he raruraru nui e whakaputa ana tō tinana i ngā waikawa kino e kiia nei ko te ketones. I ētahi wā ka hiahia ngā tūāhuatanga ohorere ki te tuku insulin tere mā ngā ara intravenous.

Me whai hoki te insulin parenteral ngā wahine hapū e mate huka ana i te wa e hapū ana hei tiaki i te whaea me te pēpi. Mā tēnei ka noho ngā taumata huka toto i roto i ngā awhe haumaru puta noa i te hapūtanga.

Me pēhea te mahi a te Insulin (Ara Parenteral)?

Ka mahi te insulin parenteral mā te whai i te hanga insulin tūturu o tō tinana. Kia werohia, ka āwhina te insulin ki te neke i te glucose mai i tō toto ki roto i ō pūtau, kei reira e whakamahia ana mō te pūngao.

Whakaarohia te insulin hei kī e iriti ana i ngā kuaha o ō pūtau, e tuku ana i te glucose ki te uru me te whāngai i tō tinana. Ki te kore he nui te insulin, ka piki te glucose i roto i tō toto, ka puta he taumata huka toto tiketike kino.

Ko te kaha me te tere o te mahi insulin e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo motuhake i tohua. Ka mahi ngā insulin tere i roto i te 15 meneti, i te wā e whakarato ana ngā hanganga roa i te uhi tūmau mō te 24 haora.

Ka puta te ngongo insulin subcutaneous mā ngā oko toto iti i raro i tō kiri. Ka hangaia tēnei i te tuku i te mana nui ake i te tuku intravenous, e mahi tonu ana engari e hiahia ana ki te tirotiro hauora.

Me pēhea taku tango i te Insulin (Ara Parenteral)?

Ko te tango tika i te insulin parenteral ka whakarite i te mahi whai hua me te haumaru o te rongoā. Mā tō kaiwhakarato hauora e ako i a koe i te tikanga werohanga tika me te āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhi werohanga pai.

Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka werohia te insulin ki ngā wāhi kiko momona pēnei i tō puku, huha, rānei i ngā ringa o runga. Hurihia ngā wāhi werohanga i ngā wā katoa hei ārai i ngā raruraru kiri me te whakarite i te ngongo tūmau.

Koinei ngā mahi matua mō te werohanga insulin haumaru:

• Horoi tino ō ringaringa ki te hopi me te wai
• Tirohia tō rongoā insulin mō ngā pūhui, ngā tioata, he ahua rerekē rānei
• Horoi te wāhi werohanga ki te rāpoi waipiro mēnā e tūtohutia ana
• Whakauruhia te ngira i te koki 90-tohu mō te nuinga o te tangata
• Werohia te insulin mā te pōturi me te tū tonu
• Puritia te ngira ki te wāhi mō te 10 hēkona i mua i te tango
• Whakawātea ngā ngira ki te haumaru i roto i te ipu koi

E āwhina ana ēnei mahi ki te whakarite kia tukuna te nui tika o te insulin i ia werohanga i te wā e whakaiti ana i te kore mārie. Ka taea e tō kaiwhakaako mate huka te whakarato whakangungu ā-ringa kia pūmau rawa koe.

He mea nui te wā i te wā o ngā werohanga insulin. Me tango te insulin tere i mua tonu i ngā kai, i te wā e hoatu ana te insulin roa i te wā moe, i te wā rānei i ia rā.

Whakawātea te insulin kāore i whakatuwheratia i roto i tō pouaka whakamātao, engari tukua kia tae ki te pāmahana rūma i mua i te werohanga. Ka taea e te insulin makariri te whakaputa i te kore mārie nui ake, ā, kāore pea e ngongo i te rite.

Kia Pēhea te Roa e Tango Ai au i te Insulin (Ara Parenteral)?

E whakawhirinaki ana te roa o te rongoā insulin ki tō āhuatanga me ō hiahia. Ko te hunga whai mate huka momo 1 te tikanga e hiahia ana ki te rongoā insulin mō te roa o te oranga nā te mea kāore e taea e ō rātou pūkahukahu te whakaputa insulin.

Mō te mate huka momo 2, he rerekē te roa o te rongoā insulin. E hiahia ana ētahi tangata ki te insulin mō te wā poto i te wā o te mate, te pēhanga rānei, i te wā e hiahia ana ētahi ki te rongoā mō te wā roa i te wā e piki ana tō rātou āhuatanga.

Ka arotakehia e tō tākuta tō mana huka toto, te hauora whānui, me te urupare ki te rongoā i ia wā. Ka taea e rātou te whakatika i tō hōtaka insulin, te tūhura rānei i ētahi atu kōwhiringa rongoā i runga i ēnei arotakenga.

Kaua rawa e mutu te tango insulin me te kore e kōrero tuatahi ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora. Ka taea e te whakamutu ohorere te arahi ki ngā piki huka toto mōrearea me ngā raruraru nui pērā i te ketoacidosis diabetic.

He Aha ngā Pānga taha o te Insulin (Ara Parenteral)?

He pai te manawanui o te nuinga o te tangata ki te insulin parenteral, engari pērā i ngā rongoā katoa, ka pā ngā pānga taha. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei pānga ka mōhio koe ki te wā e rapu ai i te āwhina hauora.

Ko ngā pānga taha tino noa he ngawari noa iho, ā, ka taea te whakahaere mā te hangarau tika me te aroturuki. Heoi, ko ētahi pānga e hiahia ana kia tere te āwhina hauora.

Ko ngā pānga taha noa ka pā ki a koe ko:

• Te whero, te pūpū, te mānawa rānei i ngā wāhi werohanga
• Te mamae rangitahi, te ngau rānei i te wā o te werohanga
• Ngā puku iti i raro i te kiri (lipodystrophy)
• Te pikinga taumaha ngawari i te wā e whakamahi ana tō tinana i te glucose i te pai ake
• Te pānga o te pānga i ngā wāhi werohanga

He maha ngā wā ka pai ake ēnei pānga i te wā e urutau ana tō tinana ki te rongoā insulin, ā, ka pai ake tō hangarau werohanga.

Ko te Hypoglycemia (te iti o te huka toto) te pānga taha tino nui. Ko ngā tohu ko te wiri, te werawera, te raruraru, te tere o te ngākau, me te hiakai.

Ka taea e te hypoglycemia nui te kore mātau, te hopu rānei, ā, e hiahia ana kia tere te rongoā. Me mau tonu ngā papa glucose tere-whakahaere, ngā paramanawa rānei i te wā e whakamahi ana i te insulin.

Ko ngā pānga taha onge engari nui e hiahia ana kia tere te āwhina hauora ko:

• Ngā tauhohenga mate pāwera nui me te uaua ki te manawa, te pūpū rānei
• Ngā tauhohenga kiri tonu kāore e pai ake
• Te pikinga taumaha tere, te pūpū rānei kāore i whakamāramahia
• Ngā huringa tirohanga, te mamae nui rānei o te upoko
• Ngā wāhanga iti o te huka toto nui

He onge ēnei pānga nui engari e hiahia ana kia tere te arotake hauora kia mōhio ai koe ki tō haumaru me te whai huatanga o te rongoā.

Ko wai kāore e tika kia tango Insulin (Parenteral Route)?

He tokoiti noa ngā tāngata kāore e taea te tango insulin parenteral, i te mea he rongoā whakaora ora mō te whakahaere mate huka. Heoi, ko ētahi āhuatanga e hiahia ana kia tūpato, kia whakarerekē rānei.

Me mātakitaki ngā tāngata e mōhiotia ana he mate pāwera nui ki ngā momo rongoā insulin motuhake kia karo i aua hua. Ka taea e tō tākuta te āwhina i a koe ki te tautuhi i ngā momo insulin kē e mahi haumaru ana mō koe.

He mea whai whakaaro motuhake ki ētahi rōpū, ahakoa kāore te insulin i te tino whakaarohia:

• Ko ngā tāngata e mate ana i te mate tākihi nui pea me whakatika te horopeta
• Ko te hunga e pā ana ki te hypoglycemia nui tonu me mātakitaki āta
• Ngā tāngata takitahi e pā ana ki ētahi āhuatanga hauora hinengaro e pā ana ki te whai rongoā
• Ngā tāngata e pā ana ki te ngoikoretanga o te tirohanga kaore e taea te werohia i a rātou anō
• Ko te hunga e pā ana ki ngā mate kaha, ki te mate nui rānei, pea me whakatika wā poto

Kāore ēnei āhuatanga e aukati i te whakamahi insulin engari me mātakitaki hauora motuhake me ngā huarahi rongoā kua whakarerekētia.

Ko te hapū te mea e tino haumaru ai te rongoā insulin i ētahi atu rongoā mate huka. Ko te nuinga o ngā wahine hapū e mate huka ana e whakamahi ana i te insulin nā te mea kāore e whiti nui i te pūhihi.

Ka āta arotake tō rōpū hauora i ō āhuatanga takitahi hei whakatau i te huarahi insulin haumaru me te whai hua mō ō hiahia motuhake.

Ngā Ingoa Waitohu Insulin (Ara Parenteral)

He maha ngā waitohu insulin e wātea ana, he āhuatanga me ngā hanganga motuhake. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei kōwhiringa ka āwhina i a koe ki te tautuhi i tō rongoā kua whakaritea me te kōrero mō ngā kōwhiringa kē ki tō tākuta.

Kei roto i ngā waitohu insulin tere te mahi ko Humalog (lispro), NovoLog (aspart), me Apidra (glulisine). E mahi ana ēnei i roto i te 15 meneti, ā, ka tangohia i mua i ngā kai.

Kei roto i ngā kōwhiringa insulin roa te mahi ko Lantus (glargine), Levemir (detemir), me Tresiba (degludec). E whakarato ana ēnei i te uhi insulin papamuri mō te 12 ki te 42 haora.

Ko ngā momo rongoā insulin tangata pērā i te Humulin R me te Novolin R e tuku ana i ngā kōwhiringa takawaenga e mahi ana i roto i te 30 meneti. Ko ngā insulin NPH pērā i te Humulin N e whakarato ana i te kapi roa ake me ngā pānga o te tihi.

Ko ngā insulin whakakotahi e whakaranu ana i ngā hanganga tere me te roa-mahi i roto i te werohanga kotahi. Ko ngā tauira ko ngā hua Humalog Mix me NovoLog Mix.

Ngā Kōwhiringa kē mō te Insulin (Ara Parenteral)

Ahakoa te mea he mea nui tonu te insulin mō te mate huka momo 1, he maha ngā kōwhiringa kē e noho ana mō te whakahaere i te mate huka momo 2. E mahi ana ēnei kōwhiringa i ngā huarahi rerekē engari ka taea te whakahaere i te huka toto i ngā āhuatanga e tika ana.

Ko ngā rongoā waha pērā i te metformin, sulfonylureas, me ngā aukati SGLT2 e āwhina ana i tō tinana ki te whakamahi i tōna ake insulin i te huarahi whai hua ake. E pai ana ēnei ki te hunga e whakaputa tonu ana te pancreas i tētahi insulin.

Ko ngā rongoā kore-insulin werohia ko ngā kaiwhakahohe GLP-1 receptor pērā i te Ozempic, Trulicity, me Victoza. E whakahihiri ana ēnei rongoā i te tuku insulin i te wā e tiketike ana te huka toto i te wā e whakaroa ana i te keri.

Ko ngā whakarerekētanga o te oranga tonu e noho ana i ngā kōwhiringa kē e mahi ana i te taha o ngā rongoā katoa. Ko te korikori tinana i ngā wā katoa, te kai hauora, me te whakahaere taumaha e tino whakapai ake ana i te whakahaere i te huka toto.

Ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta ki te whakakotahi i ēnei huarahi, kaua ki te whakakapi katoa i te insulin. Ko te mahere maimoatanga pai rawa atu e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō momo mate huka takitahi, te ahunga whakamua, me te mana hauora whānui.

He Pai Ake Te Insulin (Ara Parenteral) i te Metformin?

E mahi ana te insulin me te metformin i ngā huarahi rerekē, ā, kāore i te whakatauritea ngā rongoā. Ko te kōwhiringa

Ka whakakapi tika te insulin, ka tāpiri rānei ki te hanga insulin tūturu o tō tinana. Ko ngā tāngata e mate huka momo 1 me whakamahi insulin nā te mea he iti, kāore rānei te hanga o te pancreas.

Mō te mate huka momo 2, he tokomaha ngā tāngata ka tīmata ki te metformin, ka tāpiri insulin i muri mai mehemea e tika ana. He maha ngā wā ka pai ake tēnei huinga i te rongoā kotahi, e whakarato ana i ngā painga tāpiri.

Ka whakaaro tō kaiwhakarato hauora i ngā āhuatanga maha i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i waenga, e whakakotahi ana rānei i ēnei rongoā, tae atu ki ō taumata huka toto, te mahi o te tākihi, te taumaha, me ngā whāinga maimoatanga.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Insulin (Ara Parenteral)

He Haumaru te Insulin (Ara Parenteral) mō te Mate Tākihi?

Āe, he haumaru te insulin mō ngā tāngata e mate tākihi ana, ā, he maha ngā wā ka noho ko ia te maimoatanga pai mō te mate huka i te wā e heke ana te mahi o te tākihi. Kāore i rite ki ētahi rongoā mate huka waha, kāore te insulin e hiahia ki te tukatuka tākihi mō te whakakorenga.

Heoi anō, ka pā te mate tākihi ki te āhua o tō tinana e whakahaere ana i te insulin, ka hiahia pea ki te whakatikatika i te inenga. Ka aroturuki tō tākuta i te mahi o tō tākihi, ka whakarerekē i tō tikanga insulin kia rite.

Ko ngā tāngata e mate tākihi ana i te wāhanga whakamua, ka hiahia pea ki ngā inenga insulin iti ake nā te mea ka puhoi ake te whakawātea o te insulin e ō rātou tākihi. Ka āwhina te aroturuki auau ki te ārai i ngā wāhanga huka toto iti.

Me Pēhea Taku Mahi Mēnā I Whakamahi Au i te Insulin Nui Rawa?

Mēnā kua werohia e koe te nui rawa o te insulin, aroturukitia ō taumata huka toto, ā, kia rite ki te rongoā i te hypoglycemia. Kaua e mataku – he whakahaere tēnei āhuatanga me te urupare tika.

Tirohia ō taumata huka toto tonu, ā, ia 15-30 meneti mō ngā hāora e whai ake nei. Mēnā ka heke ō taumata huka toto i raro i te 70 mg/dL, rongoatia ki te 15 karamu o te glucose tere.

Whakapā atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora, ki ngā ratonga ohorere rānei mēnā ka pā mai ngā tohu hypoglycemia nui pēnei i te raruraru, te kore e taea te horo, te ngaro rānei o te mōhiotanga. E taunakitia ana kia whai i tētahi kete ohorere glucagon.

He aha taku mahi ki te ngaro ahau i te horopeta insulin?

Ko te ngaro i te horopeta insulin e hiahia ana i nga whakautu rereke i runga i te momo insulin i ngaro i a koe. Kaua e takirua to horopeta e whai ake nei – ka puta he rereketanga huka toto kino.

Mo te insulin tere-mahi i ngaro, tirohia to huka toto ka tango i te horopeta mena kei te tata koe ki te kai. Mena kua neke atu i te 2 haora mai i to kai, waiho te horopeta ka haere tonu i to waarangi noa.

Mo te insulin roa-mahi i ngaro, tangohia i te wa e mahara ana koe mena kei roto i te 2-3 haora o to wa noa. Mena kua pahemo te wa, whakapā atu ki to kaiwhakarato hauora mo te aratohu.

Ahea ka taea e au te whakamutu i te tango insulin?

Ko nga tangata e mate huka momo 1 e kore e taea te whakamutu i te tango insulin, na te mea he mea nui mo te oranga. Heoi, ko etahi tangata e mate huka momo 2 ka whakaiti, ka mutu ranei te insulin i raro i te tirotiro a te rongoa.

Ko nga huringa nui o te oranga, te ngaronga o te taumaha, te pai ake ranei o te mahi pancreatic ka taea e etahi tangata e mate huka momo 2 te whakahaere i to ratau mate me etahi atu maimoatanga.

Kaua rawa e whakamutu i te rongoa insulin me te kore e korero tuatahi ki to kaiwhakarato hauora. Ka arotakehia e ratou to mana whakahaere huka toto, te hauora katoa, me te ahunga whakamua o te mate huka i mua i te whakarereketanga.

Ka taea e au te haere me nga werohanga insulin?

Ae, ka taea e koe te haere marie me nga werohanga insulin ma te whakamahere i mua me te whai i nga aratohu rokiroki tika. Me mau tonu te insulin i roto i to tueke kawe hei aukati i nga wera nui.

Whakauruhia he reta mai i to taakuta e whakamarama ana i to hiahia rongoa mo te insulin me nga taonga. Whakauruhia he insulin me nga taonga taapiri mena ka roa te haere, ka ngaro ranei te tueke.

Whakaarohia nga huringa rohe wa i te wa e haere ana i nga tawhiti roa, me te mahi tahi me to kaiwhakarato hauora ki te whakatika i to waarangi werohanga i te mea e tika ana mo nga rohe wa rereke.