He aha te rehu ihu Nalmefene: Ngā whakamahinga, te inenga, ngā pānga taha me ētahi atu

Ko te rehu ihu Nalmefene he rongoā whakaora-ora e taea ai te whakahoki i ngā pūpū opioid i roto i ngā meneti. Ka aukati i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi opioid i roto i tō roro, ka whawhai tere ki ngā pānga kino o te nui rawa o te heroin, fentanyl, ngā rongoā mamae i runga i te tohutohu, ētahi atu opioid rānei.

Ka tae mai tēnei rongoā hei rehu ihu kua rite ki te whakamahi, ka taea e te tangata te ako ki te whakahaere i te wā ohorere. Whakaarohia he pātene tautuhi ohorere mō tētahi kua puhoi, kua mutu rānei te hā i te nui rawa o te opioid.

He aha te whakamahinga o Nalmefene?

Ka rongoā te rehu ihu Nalmefene i ngā pūpū opioid e whakapaehia ana i te wā i nui rawa ai te tangata i ēnei matū. Ka hiahia pea koe ki tēnei rongoā mēnā kua whakamahi tētahi i tō taha i te heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, morphine, ētahi atu rongoā opioid rānei, ā, e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu o te nui rawa.

Ko ngā tohu tino mōrearea ko te hā puhoi rawa, te kore rānei, ngā ngutu kākāriki, ngā whao rānei, te kore mōhio, me te kore e taea te whakaara i te tangata ahakoa te haruru nui, te mamae rānei. Ko ēnei tohu e kī ana kāore te roro o te tangata e whiwhi hāora nui, ā, ka mate i roto i ngā meneti.

Ko ngā kaimahi ohorere, ngā mema o te whānau, me ngā hoa o te hunga e whakamahi ana i ngā opioid e mau ana i tēnei rongoā. I hangaia mō ngā tūāhuatanga e tata ana te wā, ā, kāore pea te āwhina hauora ngaio e tae wawe mai.

Me pēhea te mahi a Nalmefene?

Ko Nalmefene he kaiwhawhai opioid kaha e mahi ana mā te aukati i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi opioid i tō roro. I te wā e waipuke ana ngā opioid i ēnei kaiwhakawhiwhi i te wā o te nui rawa, ka puhoi ngā mahi nui pēnei i te hā me te tere o te ngākau.

Ka mahi tēnei rongoā pēnei i te kī e uru ana ki ngā raka kotahi me ngā opioid engari kāore e huri. Engari, ka aukati i ngā opioid mai i te uru atu ki ēnei kaiwhakawhiwhi, ka whakahoki i ō rātou pānga kino. Ka mahi te rongoā i roto i te 2 ki te 5 meneti i muri i te whakahaerenga.

He roa ake te mahi a te Nalmefene i te naloxone, e 4 ki te 6 haora te roa. He mea nui tenei whakamarumaru roa ki nga opioid roa penei i te methadone, i nga hanganga tuku-roa ranei, ka hoki mai pea nga tohu.

Me pehea taku whakamahi i te rehu ihu Nalmefene?

Ko te whakamahi i te rehu ihu nalmefene e hiahia ana kia tere engari kia tupato i te wa ohorere. Tuatahi, waea atu ki te 911 i mua tonu i te whakahaere i te rongoa, na te mea e tika ana te manaaki hauora ngaio i muri i te horopeta nui.

Tangohia te taputapu mai i tana takai ka whakauru kaha i te pito ki roto i te pongaihu kotahi. Pēhia te pūwero kia kaha, kia tere hoki ki te tuku i te horopeta katoa. Karekau te tangata e hiahia ki te ngongo, ki te mohio ranei kia mahi te rongoa.

Anei nga mahi hei mahi i te taahiraa i te taahiraa ina whakapae koe he horopeta nui:

1. Waea atu ki te 911, ki nga ratonga ohorere ranei tonu
2. Tirohia mehemea kei te whakautu te tangata ma te hamama i to ratou ingoa, ma te mirimiri ranei i to ratou uma
3. Tangohia te nalmefene mai i te takai ka whakauru ki roto i te pongaihu
4. Pēhia te pūwero kia kaha ki te tuku i te horopeta katoa
5. Tīmatahia te manawa whakaora, te CPR ranei mena kua whakangungua
6. Noho ki te tangata kia tae mai te awhina ohorere

Ki te kore te tangata e whakautu i roto i te 2 ki te 3 meneti, tera pea koe e hiahia ki te hoatu i te horopeta tuarua ki tetahi atu pongaihu. Haere tonu ki nga mahi whakaora me te tatari kia tae mai te awhina hauora ngaio.

Kia pehea te roa e pupuri ai ahau i te Nalmefene e wātea ana?

Me waiho tonu te rehu ihu Nalmefene kia wātea ana he tupono ka nui te horopeta opioid i roto i to taiao. He ra paunga te rongoa i taia ki runga i te kete, e 2 ki te 3 tau te roa ina penapena tika.

Penapenahia te taputapu i te pāmahana rūma, mai i te wera me te ra tika. Kaua e waiho ki nga waahi tino wera penei i nga wahanga karapu motuka, i nga waahi tino makariri ranei penei i nga pouaka tio, na te mea ka pa te pāmahana nui ki tona whai huatanga.

Whakakapia ngā pūrere kua pau te rā, ā, whakaarohia te whai i ētahi pūrere maha ki ngā wāhi rerekē mēnā kei te manaaki koe i tētahi tangata e tūpono ana ki te tūpono nui. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e pupuri ana i tētahi ki te kāinga, tētahi ki tō rātou motokā, ā, tētahi ki te mahi, ki ētahi atu wāhi e haere pinepine ana rātou.

He aha ngā pānga taha o te Nalmefene?

Ka pā mai pea ngā tohumate whakawātea ki te tangata e whiwhi ana i te nalmefene i te mea ka aukati te rongoā i ngā pānga o te opioid. He raru ēnei tohumate engari kāore e whakatuma ana i te ora, ā, e tohu ana kei te pai te mahi o te rongoā.

Ngā tohumate whakawātea noa ka puta wawe mai:

• Te whakapairuaki me te ruaki
• Te werawera me te mākū
• Te tere o te ngākau
• Te āwangawanga, te ohooho rānei
• Te mamae me te pōuri o ngā uaua
• Te ihu e rere ana me te roimata

Ka puta ēnei tohumate nā te mea kua whakawhirinaki te tinana ki ngā opioids, ā, ko te aukati ohorere i ō rātou pānga ka puta he tauhohenga hoki. Ahakoa he raruraru, e whakaū ana ēnei tohumate kei te angitu te rongoā ki te whawhai i te horopeta nui.

Ka pā mai pea te rangirua, te whanoke, te ānini rānei ki te tangata i te wā e whakatikatika ana tō rātou roro ki te rongoā. Ka noho riri, ka ohooho rānei ētahi tāngata i te wā e hoki mai ana te māramatanga, koinei te take he mea nui kia noho mārie, kia noho haumaru rātou.

I ngā wā onge, ka pā mai pea ngā tauhohenga nui ake ki ētahi tāngata pēnei i te hopu, te ngākau kōaro, te uaua rānei ki te hā. E hiahia ana ēnei pānga taha nui ki te āwhina hauora tonu, koinei te take he mea nui te waea atu ki te 911 i mua i te hoatutanga o te rongoā.

Ko wai kāore e tika ana kia whakamahi i te Nalmefene?

He pai te nalmefene mō te whakamahi ohorere, engari he mea nui ētahi whakaaro. Ko ngā tāngata e mōhio ana ki ngā mate pāwera ki te nalmefene, ki ētahi rongoā rite rānei, me karo, ahakoa i roto i te horopeta nui e whakatuma ana i te ora, te nuinga o ngā painga ka nui ake i ngā tūponotanga.

Ko ngā wāhine hapū e whakamahi ana i ngā opioid i ngā wā katoa, ka pā pea ngā raruraru ki a rātou mēnā ka tukuna ki a rātou te nalmefene, nā te mea ka pā mai ngā tohumate tangohanga e pā ana ki te pēpi. Heoi, ko te whakaora i te ora o te whaea te mea matua, ā, ka taea e ngā tākuta te whakahaere i ngā raruraru ka puta.

Ko ngā tāngata e mate ana i te mate ngākau nui, ka nui ake pea te tairongo ki ngā huringa tere ka puta i te wā e aukatia ohorere ana ngā opioid. Ka rere kē pea te tere o te ngākau me te pēhanga toto, e hiahia ana kia mātakitaki ngā tākuta.

Ko te hunga e tango ana i ētahi rongoā mō te pouri, mō ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora hinengaro rānei, ka nui ake pea ngā tohumate tangohanga. Kāore tēnei e kī ana kāore rātou e tika kia whiwhi nalmefene i te ohorere, engari me hiahia pea rātou ki te tautoko hauora anō i te wā o te whakaora.

Ngā Ingoa Waitohu o Nalmefene

Kei te wātea te rehu ihu nalmefene i raro i te ingoa waitohu Opvee i te United States. Koinei te hanganga arumoni matua i hangaia mō te whakahuri ohorere i te horopeta nui e ngā tāngata kāore i te tākuta.

Ka wātea pea te rongoā i roto i ngā kaihanga rerekē, i raro rānei i ngā ingoa whānui i ētahi rohe. Heoi, ko te hanganga rehu ihu mō te whakahuri i te horopeta nui e mōhiotia ana ko Opvee.

Ka whakamahi pea ētahi hōhipera me ngā ratonga ohorere i ngā momo werohia o te nalmefene, engari me whakangungu tākuta kia whakahaere haumaru. Ko te putanga rehu ihu i hangaia mō te whakamahi e ngā mema o te whānau, ngā hoa, me ngā kaiwhakautu tuatahi kāore he whakangungu tākuta nui.

Ngā Kōwhiringa ki te Nalmefene

Ko te rehu ihu naloxone (Narcan) te kōwhiringa tino noa ki te nalmefene mō te whakahuri i te horopeta nui. E mahi rite ana ngā rongoā e rua mā te aukati i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi opioid, engari he rerekētanga nui ō rātou i te roa me te kaha.

Ko te tikanga ka mahi a Naloxone mō te 30 ki te 90 meneti, he poto ake i te 4 ki te 6 haora o te whakamarumaru a nalmefene. Ko te tikanga tēnei, ko ngā tāngata i whakawhiwhia ki te naloxone tērā pea ka hiahia ki ngā horopeta tukurua, ka pā rānei ki ngā tohumate o te horopeta nui i te wā e ngaro ana te rongoā.

Kei te wātea te naloxone werohia mō ngā tākuta me ngā tāngata whakangungu, e tuku ana i te tīmatanga tere rawa, engari e hiahia ana ki ngira me te tikanga werohanga tika. Ko ngā pūrere auto-injector pēnei i te Evzio e whakarato ana i ngā horopeta kua inea i mua me ngā tohutohu reo mō te whakamahi ohorere.

Ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i ēnei rongoā e pā ana ki te wātea, ngā opioids motuhake e whai wāhi ana, me ngā tikanga ohorere ā-rohe. He maha ngā hapori e arotahi ana ki te tohatoha naloxone nā te mea e wātea ana i te whānui me te iti o te utu.

He Pai Ake Anei te Nalmefene i te Naloxone?

E tuku ana a Nalmefene i te whakamarumaru roa ake i te horopeta nui o te opioid i te naloxone, he mea nui tēnei ki ngā opioids kaha, roa rānei. Ko tōna roanga 4 ki te 6 haora e whakarato ana i te haumarutanga nui atu i te 30 ki te 90 meneti o te naloxone.

He mea nui tēnei whakamarumaru roa ki te fentanyl me ētahi atu opioids waihanga kaha ka taea te whakahoki tere i ngā tohumate horopeta nui. Ko te mahi roa ake a Nalmefene ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā horopeta maha, te tūponotanga rānei o te horopeta nui anō.

Heoi anō, kua roa te naloxone e wātea ana, ā, e tohatohahia ana i te whānui mā ngā hōtaka hapori. He maha ngā kaiwhakautu tuatahi me ngā mema o te whānau kua whakangungua kē ki tōna whakamahi, ā, he iti ake te utu, he kore utu rānei.

He tino whai hua ngā rongoā e rua ki te whakahoki i ngā horopeta nui i te wā e whakamahia ana i te tika. Ko te whiriwhiri

Ka taea te whakamahi i te Nalmefene ki nga tangata e mate ana i te ngakau i nga wa ohorere, engari tera pea ka nui ake nga huringa o te ngakau me te toto. Ka mahi te rongoa ma te aukati tere i nga paanga o te opioid, ka kaha te taumaha o te punaha cardiovascular.

Ko nga tangata e mate ana i te ngakau ka pa ki te ngakau pohehe, te mamae o te uma, te huringa ranei o te toto i te wa e urutau ana to ratou tinana ki te rongoa. Heoi, ko enei tupono ka nui ake i te ahua morearea o te oranga o te nui o te opioid.

Ka ata tirotirohia e nga tohunga hauora te mahi ngakau i muri i te whakahaerenga o te nalmefene, ka taea te whakarato i te tiaki tautoko mo nga raruraru cardiovascular ka puta. Ko te mea nui ko te whakarite kia waea atu nga ratonga hauora ohorere i mua i te hoatutanga o te rongoa.

He aha taku mahi mena ka hoatu e au te nui rawa o te Nalmefene?

He uaua ki te hoatu i te nui rawa o te nalmefene ma te whakamahi i te taputapu rehu ihu, na te mea kei ia wae he horopeta kua inea i mua. Heoi, ko te hoatu i nga horopeta maha i te wa kotahi e hiahiatia ana ka kaha ake nga tohu tangohanga.

Mena kua nui ake i te mea e tika ana, noho ki te tangata me te aro turuki i a ratou mo nga tohu tangohanga kino penei i te hopu, te tino ohorere, te uaua ranei ki te manawa. E hiahia ana enei raruraru ki te aro mai o te rongoa tonu.

Ka kaha ake te nausea, te ruaki, te werawera, me te awangawanga o te tangata me nga horopeta teitei ake. Kia pai ratou, whakawhiwhia ki te whakapumautanga, me te whakarite kia whiwhi ratou i te arotake rongoa ahakoa te ahua ka ora wawe.

He aha taku mahi mena karekau te tangata e ara ake i muri i te Nalmefene?

Mena karekau te tangata e whakautu i roto i te 2 ki te 3 meneti i muri i te horopeta tuatahi, me hoatu pea e koe he horopeta tuarua ki tetahi atu ihu. Ko etahi o nga nui rawa e uru ana ki nga rahinga nui o nga opioids e hiahia ana kia nui ake te rongoa hei whakahoki.

Haere tonu te manawa whakaora, te CPR rānei mēnā kua whakangungua koe, i te wā e tatari ana kia whai hua te rongoā. Kei te tangata ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora, kua tango rānei i ētahi atu matū i tua atu i ngā opioid, e kore e aro ki te nalmefene.

Whakamātau tonu ki te whakaara i a rātou mā te reo nui, te rūrū marie rānei, engari karohia ngā mea katoa ka whara. Ka whai rongoā me ngā taputapu atu ngā ratonga hauora ohorere hei āwhina mēnā kāore i te rawaka te nalmefene anake.

Āhea ka taea e te tangata te whakamahi opioid anō i muri i te whiwhinga nalmefene?

Kaua te tangata e whakamahi opioid anō kia tino ngaro rawa atu te nalmefene i tō rātou pūnaha, e 6 ki te 8 hāora te roa. Ko te whakamahi opioid i te wā wawe rawa ka puta he pōrearea anō, he nui ake pea i te tuatahi.

Ka pōturi pea te tangata i ngā hiahia kaha, i ngā tohumate rānei i tēnei wā, engari ko te whakamahi opioid hei whakaiti i ēnei kare-ā-roto he tino mōrearea. Ka iti pea tō rātou manawanui, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ki te pōrearea me ngā rahinga iti ake.

Ka taea e ngā tākuta te whakarato i ngā huarahi haumaru ake mō te whakahaere i ngā tohumate, ka taea hoki te kōrero mō ngā whiringa maimoatanga mō te raruraru whakamahi opioid. He maha ngā wā ka whai wāhi tēnei raru ki te hono atu ki ngā ratonga maimoatanga waranga me te tautoko.

Ka taea e au te hoatu nalmefene ki tētahi e whakamahi opioid mō ngā take hauora?

Āe, ka taea te hoatu nalmefene ki tētahi e pōrearea ana i te opioid, ahakoa e whakamahi ana rātou i ngā opioid mō ngā take hauora, mō te whakangahau rānei. He rite tonu te mahi a te rongoā, ā, ka taea te whakaora i te ora i ngā āhuatanga e rua.

Ko te hunga e tango ana i ngā opioid rēhitatanga mō te whakahaere i te mamae ka nui ake pea ngā tohumate, nā te mea kua waia ō rātou tinana ki ngā taumata opioid auau. Heoi, ko te whakaora i tō rātou ora te mea matua i mua i te raruraru rangitahi.

I muri i te whiwhinga o te nalmefene, me mahi ngātahi ngā tāngata e tango ana i ngā rongoā opioid i runga i te whakahaunga rongoā ki tō rātou tākuta kia hoki marie ai ki te whakamahi i ā rātou rongoā. Tera pea ka hiahia rātou ki te tirotiro hauora hei whakahaere i ngā tohumate o te tangohanga me te ārai i ngā raruraru.