He aha te Tacrine: Ngā Whakamahinga, te Inenga, Ngā Pānga Taha me Ētahi Atu

Ko te Tacrine he rongoā i whakamahia i mua ki te rongoā i te mate a Alzheimer, engari kāore i te wātea i te nuinga o ngā whenua nā te raruraru ate nui. I hangaia tēnei rongoā hei āwhina i te whakapai ake i te mahara me ngā pūkenga whakaaro i roto i ngā tāngata e pā ana ki te dementia mā te aukati i tētahi enzyme e wawahi ana i te acetylcholine, he matū roro nui mō te mahara.

Ahakoa i hanga hītori te tacrine hei rongoā tuatahi i whakaaetia e te FDA mō te mate a Alzheimer i te tau 1993, i kitea e ngā tākuta ka taea e ia te whara nui i te ate. Kua unuhia e te nuinga o ngā whenua mai i te mākete, ā, kei te wātea ngā rongoā haumaru ake mō te rongoā i ngā tohumate dementia.

He aha te Tacrine?

No te akomanga rongoā e kiia nei ko ngā aukati cholinesterase te Tacrine. E mahi ana mā te aukati i te wawahi o te acetylcholine, he neurotransmitter e āwhina ana i ngā pūtau io ki te kōrero tahi i roto i te roro.

I te tuatahi i whakawhanakehia tēnei rongoā hei āwhina i te whakaroa i te haere o te ngaronga mahara me te rangirua i roto i ngā tūroro a Alzheimer. Heoi, i iti noa iho tōna whakamahinga nā te nui o ngā āwangawanga haumaru, ina koa te tūponotanga o te paitini ate ka mate.

He aha te Tacrine e whakamahia ana?

I te tuatahi i tohua te Tacrine mō te mate a Alzheimer ngawari ki te āhua. I whakamahia e ngā tākuta hei āwhina i ngā tūroro ki te pupuri i ō rātou kaha hinengaro mō te wā roa ake, me te whakaroa i te hekenga o te mahi o ia rā.

I etahi wā i whakaarohia te rongoā mō ētahi atu momo dementia, ahakoa he iti noa iho tēnei. He mea nui kia mōhio kāore te tacrine e rongoā i te mate a Alzheimer, e aukati rānei i tōna haere tonu – he āwhina noa i ngā tohumate mō ētahi tūroro.

Me pēhea te mahi a Tacrine?

E mahi ana te Tacrine mā te aukati i tētahi enzyme e kiia nei ko te acetylcholinesterase i tō roro. Ko tēnei enzyme te tikanga e wawahi ana i te acetylcholine, he karere matū e tino nui ana mō te mahara me te ako.

Mā te ārai i tēnei pakaru, ka āwhina te tacrine ki te pupuri i ngā taumata tiketike o te acetylcholine i roto i te roro. Ka taea e tēnei te whakapai ake i te kōrero i waenga i ngā pūtau io mō te wā poto, ā, ka āwhina pea i te mahara, te aro, me ngā pūkenga whakaaro. Heoi, e kiia ana he rongoā ngoikore te tacrine ki te whakataurite ki ngā rongoā dementia hou, ā, he iti noa iho ōna pānga.

Me pēhea taku tango i te Tacrine?

Mēnā kei te wātea tonu te tacrine, ka tangohia e te waha e whā ngā wā i ia rā, i waenga i ngā kai. Mā te tango i runga i te puku kau e āwhina tō tinana ki te ngongo pai ake i te rongoā.

Me tīmata te rongoā i te horopeta iti, ā, ka piki haere i roto i ngā wiki maha. Mā tēnei pikinga puhoi e āwhina ki te whakaiti i ngā pānga taha, ina koa te whakapairuaki me te ruaki. He mea nui ngā whakamātautau toto i ngā wā katoa hei aroturuki i te mahi ate, nā te mea ka pā te kino o te ate me te kore e kitea ngā tohu.

Kia Pēhea te Roa o taku tango i te Tacrine?

Ka whakawhirinaki te roa o te maimoatanga tacrine ki te pai o tō urupare ki te rongoā me te whanake rānei i ngā pānga taha. Ka kite pea ētahi tūroro i ngā painga i roto i ngā wiki ruarua, engari me whai marama pea ētahi atu ki te kite i ngā whakapainga.

Ka haere tonu te maimoatanga i te wā e nui ake ana ngā painga i ngā tūponotanga. Heoi, he mea nui te aroturuki i ngā wā katoa mō ngā raruraru ate, ā, me whakamutu tonu te rongoā mēnā ka piki ake ngā taumata enzyme ate.

He aha ngā Pānga Taha o te Tacrine?

Ka taea e te Tacrine te pā i ētahi pānga taha, mai i te ngawari ki te kaha. Ko te tino mōhio he kino te ate, ka mōrearea te ora, ā, koinei te take nui i tangohia ai tēnei rongoā i te nuinga o ngā mākete.

Anei ngā pānga taha noa ka pā ki a koe:

• Whakapairuaki me te ruaki
• Korere
• Ngāwari o te hiahia
• Mamae puku
• Māuiui
• Ānini
• Ngenge

Ko ngā pānga taha kino e hiahia ana kia rongoa tonu, ko:

• Te kōwhai o te kiri, o ngā kanohi rānei (jaundice)
• Te mimi pouri
• Te mamae nui o te puku
• Te ngenge, te ngoikore rānei e kore nei e rite
• Te ngaro o te hiahia kai e roa ana i ngā rā
• Te pōturi o te ngākau
• Te uaua ki te hā

Ko ēnei tohumate kino pea e tohu ana i te kino o te ate, i ētahi atu raruraru pea e hiahia ana kia rongoa tonu.

Ko wai e kore e tango i te Tacrine?

He maha ngā rōpū tāngata e kore e tango i te tacrine nā te piki o te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru kino. Ko ngā tāngata katoa e mate ana i te ate, he hītori rānei mō ngā raruraru o te ate, e kore e tango i tēnei rongoā.

Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga e kore ai e tika te tacrine ko:

• Te mate ate kaha, te piki rānei o ngā enzyme ate
• Ngā raruraru ngākau nui, te pōrearea rānei o te ngākau
• Ngā whewhe puku kaha
• Te mate hā nui, ngā raruraru hā rānei
• Te aukati mimi
• Ngā mate hopu

Me karo hoki e ngā wāhine hapū me te whāngai ū te tacrine, nā te mea kāore i te mōhiotia ngā pānga ki ngā pēpi e tipu ana.

Ngā Ingoa Waitohu Tacrine

I te tuatahi i hokohoko te tacrine i raro i te ingoa waitohu Cognex i te United States. Koinei te ingoa waitohu matua i te wā e wātea ana tonu te rongoā.

Heoi, mai i te tangohanga o te tacrine i te nuinga o ngā mākete nā te āwangawanga haumaru, kāore ēnei ingoa waitohu e whakamahia ana. Ki te rapu koe i te rongoā mō te dementia, ka tohutohu pea tō tākuta i ngā rongoā hou, haumaru ake.

Ngā Kōwhiringa Tacrine

He maha ngā kōwhiringa haumaru ake, whai hua ake ki te tacrine e wātea ana ināianei mō te rongoā i te mate Alzheimer me ētahi atu momo dementia. He pai ake te haumaru o ēnei rongoā hou, ā, he whai hua ake.

Ko ngā kōwhiringa o nāianei ko:

• Donepezil (Aricept) - he aukati cholinesterase hoki engari he nui ake te haumaru
• Rivastigmine (Exelon) - e wātea ana hei pire, hei papaki rānei
• Galantamine (Razadyne) - he aukati cholinesterase anō
• Memantine (Namenda) - he rerekē te mahi mā te aukati i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi NMDA
• Aducanumab (Aduhelm) - he kōwhiringa hou, tautohetohe

He pai ake ēnei momo kē atu nā te mea he iti ake ngā pānga taha kino, ā, kāore hoki e mau ana i te tūponotanga o te whara ate i tūpono ai te tacrine he kino.

He Pai Ake Te Tacrine I Te Donepezil?

E whakaarohia ana he pai ake te donepezil i te tacrine i te nuinga o ngā huarahi. Ahakoa e mahi ana ngā rongoā e rua mā te ara kotahi, he pai ake te haumaru o te donepezil, ā, he watea ake te tango.

Kotahi noa te wā e tika ana kia tangohia te donepezil i ia rā, ki te whakataurite ki te whā wā i ia rā o te tacrine. He mea nui ake, kāore te donepezil e pā ana ki ngā raruraru ate nui i tūpono ai te tacrine he kino. Kua whakaatu hoki ngā rangahau he rite tonu te whai hua o te donepezil ki te tacrine mō te rongoā i ngā tohumate o Alzheimer, ki te kore rānei e nui ake.

Ngā Pātai Auau Mō te Tacrine

Q1. He Haumaru Te Tacrine Mō te Mate Ngākau?

Ka raru pea te tacrine mō ngā tāngata e mate ngākau ana nā te mea ka whakaroa i tō reiti ngākau, ā, ka kino pea i ētahi āhuatanga ngākau. Ki te whai raruraru ngākau koe, ka tūpono pea te tacrine ka pōturi rawa, ka koretake rānei tō ngākau.

Ka taea hoki e te rongoā te whakaheke i te pēhanga toto, he mea kino pea ki te whai raruraru ngākau koe. Koinei tētahi atu take e pai ake ai ngā tākuta i ngā momo kē atu haumaru pēnei i te donepezil mō ngā tūroro e mate wareware ana me te mate ngākau.

Q2. Me Pēhea Taku Mahi Ki Te Whakamahi Ahau I Te Nui Rawa O Te Tacrine?

Ki te whakaaro koe he nui rawa te horopeta o te tacrine, rapua tonu te āwhina hauora ohorere. Ko ngā tohumate o te horopeta nui rawa atu ka uru ki te whakapairuaki nui, te ruaki, te nui o te werawera, te pōturi o te reiti ngākau, te iti o te pēhanga toto, me te uaua ki te hā.

He mea morearea te nui rawa o te rongoa, ina koa na te kaha o te tacrine ki te whara i te ate. Kaua e ngana ki te rongoa i te nui rawa o te rongoa i te kainga – waea atu ki nga ratonga ohorere, haere ranei ki te ruma ohorere tata tonu.

Q3. Me aha ahau ki te ngaro i te horopeta o Tacrine?

Ki te ngaro koe i te horopeta o te tacrine, tangohia i te wa e mahara ana koe, ki te kore e tata ana te wa mo to horopeta e whai ake nei. I tera keehi, pekehia te horopeta i ngaro, ka haere tonu ki to waarangi auau.

Kaua rawa e tango e rua nga horopeta i te wa kotahi hei utu mo te horopeta i ngaro, na te mea ka piki ake to tupono ki nga paanga taha. Ki te wareware pinepine koe i nga horopeta, whakaarohia te whakamahi i te kaiwhakarite pire, i te tautuhi ranei i nga whakamaharatanga waea.

Q4. Ahea ahau ka mutu ai te tango i te Tacrine?

Me mutu noa koe te tango i te tacrine i raro i te tirotiro a to taakuta. Me whakamutu tonu te rongoa ki te puta mai nga tohu o nga raruraru ate, penei i te kowhai o te kiri, o nga kanohi ranei, te mimi pouri, te mamae nui ranei o te puku.

Ka tohutohu ano to taakuta kia mutu ki te kore te rongoa e awhina i o tohu, ki te raru rawa ranei nga paanga taha. He mea nui nga whakamatautau toto auau hei aroturuki i te whara o te ate, a ma nga hua mai i enei whakamatautau e awhina ki te whakatau i te wa hei whakamutu i te rongoa.

Q5. Ka taea te tango Tacrine me etahi atu rongoa?

Ka taea e Tacrine te taunekeneke ki te maha atu o nga rongoa, ka puta pea nga paanga taha morearea. He mea morearea ki te whakakotahi i te tacrine me etahi atu rongoa e pa ana ki te ate, te ngakau, te punaha io ranei.

Me whakamohio tonu ki to taakuta mo nga rongoa katoa, nga taapiri, me nga rongoa otaota e tango ana koe i mua i te tiimata i te tacrine. Ko etahi taunekeneke ka nui, tae atu ki te piki ake o te tupono ki te whara o te ate, ki nga huringa morearea ranei i te manawataki o te ngakau.