He aha ngā Enzyme Ate Runga ake? Ngā Tohu, Ngā Take, me te Whakamāoritanga Kāinga

Ko ngā enzyme ate runga ake he taumata teitei ake i ngā taumata noa o ngā pūmua motuhake i roto i tō toto e tohu ana kua pakaru, kua pōuri rānei ō pūtau ate. Ka kaha ake te mahi a tō ate i te tikanga, ka pā rānei ētahi momo wharanga, ka tukuna e ia ētahi atu o ēnei enzyme ki roto i tō rerenga toto, e puta ana i ngā whakamātautau toto o ia rā.

Whakaarohia ēnei enzyme hei karere e kōrero ana ki tō tākuta mō te pai o te mahi a tō ate. Ahakoa te kite i ngā taumata tiketike ka mōrearea, he mea nui kia mōhio ko tēnei kitenga he mea noa, ā, he maha ngā wā e tohu ana ki ngā āhuatanga ka taea te rongoā, kaua ki te mate ate nui.

He aha ngā enzyme ate runga ake?

Ko ngā enzyme ate runga ake e pā ana ki te piki o ngā taumata toto o ngā pūmua e mahi ana i roto i ō pūtau ate. Ko ngā enzyme e tino mōhiotia ana ko te ALT (alanine aminotransferase) me te AST (aspartate aminotransferase), me te ALP (alkaline phosphatase) me te GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase).

Ka pakaru, ka mumura rānei ngā pūtau ate, ka tukuna ēnei enzyme ki roto i tō rerenga toto i ngā rahinga nui ake i te tikanga. Ka kitea e tō tākuta tēnei mā te whakamātautau toto ngāwari e kīia ana ko te rōpū mahi ate, te rōpū pākaha whakawhānui rānei.

Ko te pikinga anō ehara i te mate engari he tohu e hiahia ana tō ate ki te aro. Ko te nuinga o te tangata he paku te pikinga o ngā enzyme e pai ana te tū, ā, ka ako noa mō te take mā te tātari o ia rā.

He aha te ahua o te whai enzyme ate runga ake?

Ko te nuinga o te tangata he enzyme ate runga ake kāore he tohu. Ko te pikinga ka kitea i te wā o te mahi toto o ia rā i te wā e tino pai ana koe.

Ka puta ngā tohu, he ngawari, he kore motuhake. Ka kite pea koe i te ngenge kāore e pai ake i te okiokinga, te āhua whānui o te kore pai, te kore whakamarie rānei i tō puku matau o runga i te wāhi e noho ana tō ate.

Ka pātai ētahi tāngata i ngā huringa i roto i te kōpū, pēnei i te whakapairuaki, te ngaro o te hiahia, te pōturi rānei te ki tonu i muri i te kai i ngā kai iti. Ka taea te pohehe i ēnei tohu mō te pēhanga, te moe kino, ngā raruraru kōpū noa rānei.

I ngā take nui ake, ka kite pea koe i te kōwhai o tō kiri, o ngā ma o ō kanohi (jaundice), te mimi pouri, te tūtae koma rānei. Heoi anō, ka puta anake ēnei tohu i te wā e nui ake ana te pānga o te mahi ate.

He aha ngā take e piki ana ngā enzyme ate?

Ka puta ngā enzyme ate kua piki ake i ngā momo take rerekē, mai i ngā wā poto ki ngā āhuatanga hauora e haere tonu ana. Mā te māramatanga ki ngā take rerekē ka āwhina koe ki te mahi tahi me tō tākuta ki te tautuhi i te mea e pā ana ki tō ate.

Koinei ngā take tino noa, ka tīmata mai i ngā mea e kite pinepine ana ngā tākuta:

• Ngā rongoā: He maha ngā rongoā i runga i te whakahaunga me ngā rongoā kore whakahaunga ka taea te whakanui i ngā enzyme ate mō te wā poto, tae atu ki te acetaminophen (Tylenol), statins mō te cholesterol, me ētahi paturopi
• Te mate ate momona: Te kohikohi ngako anō i roto i ngā pūtau ate, e pā ana ki te kai, te taumaha, ngā āhuatanga metabolic rānei
• Te whakamahi waipiro: Ko te inu auau, ahakoa te nui o te inu, ka piki ake ngā enzyme i ētahi tāngata
• Hepatitis viral: Ngā mate pēnei i te hepatitis A, B, C rānei e whai ana i ngā pūtau ate
• Ngā āhuatanga autoimmune: Ka whakaeke hē tō pūnaha ārai mate i te kiko ate
• Te whara uaua: I te mea kei roto hoki te AST i te kiko uaua, ka taea e te whakakori tinana kaha, te whara uaua rānei te whakanui i ngā taumata

Ko ngā take kāore i te noa engari he mea nui ko ngā āhuatanga tuku iho pēnei i te mate a Wilson, te hemochromatosis rānei, ētahi taapiri otaota, me te kore, ngā puku ate, ngā raruraru rānei o te ara pāpā.

He aha ngā enzyme ate kua piki ake he tohu, he tohumate rānei o?

Ka tohu pea te pikinga o ngā whākōkī ate i ētahi āhuatanga e huna ana, ahakoa ka āwhina te tauira motuhake o te pikinga i ngā tākuta ki te whāiti i ngā mea ka taea. Ka titiro tō tākuta ki ngā whākōkī e piki ana me te nui o te pikinga hei ārahi i ā rātou rangahau.

Ko ngā āhuatanga tino noa e pā ana ki te pikinga o ngā whākōkī ate ko:

• Te mate ate momona kore-waipiro (NAFLD): Ko te take tino auau i ngā whenua whanake, e pā ana ki te momomo, te mate huka, te mate pūkoro rānei
• Te mate ate waipiro: Te kino mai i te inu waipiro auau, ahakoa kāore i te nui
• Te mate hepatitis huaketo: Ngā mate e whāinga ana ki ngā pūtau ate me te pā mai o te mumura
• Te whara ate i puta mai i te rongoā: Ngā tauhohenga ki ngā rongoā, ngā tāpiringa, ngā hua otaota rānei
• Te hepatitis aunoa: Ka whakaeke tō pūnaha ārai mate i tō kiko ate
• Hemochromatosis: He nui rawa te rino ka kohikohi i tō ate i te roanga o te wā

Ko ngā āhuatanga kāore i te auau e piki ai ko te mate a Wilson (te kohikohi parahi), te ngoikoretanga o te alpha-1 antitrypsin, te cholangitis biliary tuatahi, me ētahi mate ira. Ka whakaaro tō tākuta ki ō tohumate, hītori rongoā, me ētahi atu hua whakamātautau hei whakatau ko tēhea āhuatanga te mea pea.

Ka ngaro noa iho ngā whākōkī ate e piki ana?

Āe, he maha ngā wā ka hoki noa ngā whākōkī ate e piki ana ki te noa, ina koa ka puta mai i ngā mea rangitahi. Ki te puta mai te pikinga i te rongoā, te mate tata nei, te pēhanga wā-poto rānei i tō ate, ka noa ngā taumata i roto i ngā wiki ki ngā marama.

Hei tauira, ki te tango koe i te acetaminophen mō ētahi rā, i te mate huaketo ngawari rānei, ka piki pea ō whākōkī ate mō te wā poto engari me hoki ki te noa i te wā e ora ana tō ate. Waihoki, ki te piki te whākōkī e pā ana ki te uaua i te whakakōkiri kaha, ka heke ngā taumata i roto i ētahi rā.

Heoi anō, ki te mea he take e haere tonu ana pēnei i te mate ate momona, te whakamahi rongoā tonu, he mate ārai-a-tinana rānei, ka noho tiketike tonu ngā whākōkī kia whakatikahia rā anō te take i raro. Koinei te take e hiahia ana tō tākuta ki te tiro anō i ō taumata, me te tūhura atu ki te kore e pai ake.

Me pēhea te rongoā i ngā whākōkī ate tiketike i te kāinga?

Ahakoa e kore e taea e koe te rongoā tika i ngā whākōkī ate tiketike i te kāinga, ka taea e koe te tautoko i te hātepe whakaora tūturu o tō ate, me te whakatika i ētahi take noa i raro. Mā ēnei huarahi ngawari e āwhina i tō ate kia pai ake te mahi.

Anei ngā mahi tautoko ka āwhina i tō ate kia ora:

• Whakawhāiti i te inu waipiro: Ahakoa te inu āhua noa ka pōuri i tō ate, nā reira mā te whakaiti, te whakakore rānei i te waipiro ka whai wā tō ate ki te whakaora
• Kia mau ki te taumaha hauora: Mā te whakaheke taumaha haere mā te kai taurite ka whakaiti i ngā putunga momona i tō ate
• Kia noho wai: Mā te inu wai nui ka āwhina i tō ate ki te tukatuka i ngā paitini kia pai ake
• Kai i ngā kai pai mō te ate: Whakaurua te nui o ngā huawhenua, ngā pūmua hiroki, me ngā kānga katoa i te wā e whakawhāiti ana i ngā kai tukatuka me ngā huka tāpiri
• Arotakehia ō rongoā: Kōrerohia ki tō tākuta mō ngā tāpiringa kore e tika ana, ngā rongoā rānei e hokona ana e koe
• Kia nui te moe: He nui te mahi whakatika a tō ate i te wā e moe ana koe

Kia mahara ko ēnei huringa oranga e pai ana hei wāhanga o te mahere whānui i hangaia me tō kaiwhakarato hauora, ehara i te whakakapi mō te arotake hauora me te rongoā.

He aha te rongoā hauora mō ngā whākōkī ate tiketike?

Ko te rongoā mō ngā whākōkī ate tiketike e arotahi ana ki te whakatika i te take i raro iho i te pikinga ake. Ka mahi tō tākuta i te tuatahi ki te tautuhi i te mea e pōhēhē ana i tō ate, katahi ka whakawhanake i tētahi mahere rongoā whāinga.

Ko te rongoā motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mea e pōhēhē ana i te pikinga ake. Mēnā he rongoā te take, ka whakatika pea tō tākuta i ngā inenga, ka huri ki ētahi atu rongoā, ka mutu rānei ētahi rongoā mō tētahi wā i te wā e aroturuki ana i te mahi o tō ate.

Mō te mate ate momona, ko te rongoā te tikanga ko ngā whakarerekētanga o te oranga pēnei i te whakahaere taumaha, ngā huringa kai, me te whakakori tinana, i te wā e honoa ana ki ngā rongoā hei whakahaere i te mate huka, i te kōpū rānei mēnā kei reira. Mēnā ko te hepatitis viral te take, ka tohua pea ngā rongoā antiviral.

I ngā tūāhua o te mate ate autoimmune, ka āwhina ngā rongoā immunosuppressive ki te whakaiti i te mumura me te ārai i te kino atu o te ate. Mō ngā āhuatanga ira pēnei i te hemochromatosis, ka uru pea te rongoā ki te tango toto i ngā wā katoa hei whakaiti i ngā taumata rino.

Ka aroturuki tō tākuta i ō taumata whākōkī i ngā wā katoa kia mōhio ai kei te mahi te rongoā, me te whakatika i te huarahi i te wā e tika ana. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka kite i te whakapai ake i roto i ngā marama torutoru i te wā e tika ana te whakatika i te take i raro iho.

Āhea au e kite ai i te tākuta mō ngā whākōkī ate tiketike?

Me kite koe i te tākuta i te wā e taea ai mēnā ka pā mai ngā tohumate e whakaatu ana i ngā raruraru ate nui. E tohu ana ēnei tohu whakatūpato kei te pōhēhē tō ate, me hiahia tonu te āwhina hauora.

Rapua te āwhina hauora i te wā tonu mēnā ka kite koe i ētahi o ēnei tohumate:

• Te kōwhai: Te kōwhai o tō kiri, o ngā ma o ō kanohi rānei
• Te mamae nui o te puku: Inā koa i te wāhi o runga matau kei reira tō ate
• Te mimi pouri, te tūtae koma rānei: Ngā huringa o te tae e mau ana neke atu i te rā, e rua rānei
• Te whakapairuaki me te ruaki tonu: Inā koa ki te haere tahi me te ngaro o te hiahia kai
• Te ngenge rerekē: Te ngenge nui e kore e pai ake i te okiokinga
• Te pūhi: Te pupuri wai i ō waewae, rekereke, puku rānei

Ahakoa kāore ō tohumate, whakapā atu ki tō tākuta mēnā e whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau toto i te pikinga o ngā whākōrere ate. Ko te kimi wawe me te rongoā i ngā raruraru ate te tikanga ka pai ake ngā putanga i te tatari kia puta ngā tohumate.

He aha ngā āhuatanga tūpono mō te whanaketanga o ngā whākōrere ate kua piki ake?

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka whakanui ake i tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i ngā whākōrere ate kua piki ake, ahakoa ko te whai āhuatanga tūpono kāore e taurangi ka pā tēnei āhuatanga ki a koe. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei āhuatanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whai i ngā mahi ārai, me te mōhio ki te wā hei tūpato ake mō te hauora ate.

Ko ngā āhuatanga tūpono nui ko:

• Te momomo: Ko te taumaha nui, ina koa ki te taha waenga, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te mate ate momona
• Te mate huka me te pūnaha metabolic: Ko te huka toto tiketike me te aukati i te insulin ka arahi ki te kohinga ngako i roto i te ate
• Te inu waipiro i ngā wā katoa: Ahakoa te inu ngawari ka piki ake te enzyme ate i ētahi tāngata
• Ētahi rongoā: Te whakamahi wā-roa i te acetaminophen, statins, ētahi atu rongoā hepatotoxic rānei
• Te pānga ki te hepatitis viral: Mā te toto kua pokea, te moe tāwāhi, te kai me te wai kua pokea
• Hītori whānau: Ko ngā āhuatanga ira pēnei i te hemochromatosis, te mate a Wilson rānei, ka puta i roto i ngā whānau

Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga tūpono ko te pakeke (ka heke te mahi ate i te wā), te pānga ki ētahi matū rāpoi, paitini rānei, me te whai i ētahi atu āhuatanga autoimmune. Heoi, he tokomaha ngā tāngata e whai ana i ēnei āhuatanga tūpono kāore rawa e whai raruraru ate, i te wā e whai raruraru ana ētahi atu kāore he āhuatanga tūpono e kitea ana.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta mai i te pikinga o ngā enzyme ate?

Ko ngā raruraru o te pikinga o ngā enzyme ate e whakawhirinaki ana ki te take i raro iho, me te roa o te noho o te āhuatanga kāore he rongoā. Ko te pikinga ngawari, rangitahi, he uaua te take i ngā raruraru pumau, i te wā e arahi ana te pikinga tonu ki te kino ake o te ate i te wā.

Ki te kore e rongoatia, ka taea e ētahi āhuatanga e piki ake ai ngā enzyme ate te haere ki ngā raruraru nui ake:

• Te fibrosis ate: Ka whakakapi haere te kiko kiko i te kiko ate hauora, e pā ana ki te mahi ate
• Cirrhosis: He kiko kiko kua piki ake, ka tino pā ki te mahi ate, ā, he maha ngā wā e kore e taea te whakahoki
• Te ngoikore o te ate: Ka kore e taea e te ate te mahi i ōna mahi nui
• Te pēhanga toto portal: Ka piki te pēhanga i roto i ngā oko toto o te ate, ka puta pea te toto e mōrearea ana
• Te piki ake o te tūponotanga o te mate: Ka taea e te mahi ate kua heke te pā ki tō pūnaha ārai mate
• Te mate pukupuku ate: Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga ate roa e piki ake ana te tūponotanga o te whanaketanga o ngā puku ate

He mea nui kia mahara ko ēnei raruraru nui ka puta anake i muri i ngā tau o te mate ate kāore i rongoatia. Ko te nuinga o te tangata he nui ake ngā enzyme ate e whiwhi ana i te manaakitanga tika, kāore rawa e pā ki ēnei raruraru.

He aha te mea ka pohehehia ai ngā enzyme ate kua piki ake?

I ētahi wā ka pohehehia ngā enzyme ate kua piki ake ki ētahi atu āhuatanga, ina koa ka puta ngā tohu. Ko te āhua kore-motuhake o ngā tohu e pā ana ki te ate, ko te tikanga he maha ngā wā ka whiti tahi me ētahi atu take hauora.

Ko ngā āhuatanga noa e rite ana ngā tohu ko:

• Te mate pūpū: Ka puta pea te mamae o te puku o runga me ngā tohu keri kai
• Ngā raruraru uaua: I te mea kei roto hoki te AST i te uaua, ka taea e te mumura uaua te piki ake o te enzyme
• Ngā raruraru ngākau: Ka taea hoki e ngā whakaeke ngākau te piki ake i ngā taumata AST
• Ngā raruraru thyroid: Ka puta pea te ngenge me ngā huringa metabolic
• Ngā raruraru keri kai: Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate whekau mumura ka puta ngā tohu e whiti tahi ana
• Te mate ngenge roa: E rite ana te tohu o te ngenge tonu

Koinei te take e whakaaro ana tō tākuta ki tō pikitia rongoā katoa, tae atu ki te whakamātautau tinana, te hitori rongoā, me ētahi atu whakamātautau, kaua ki te whakawhirinaki anake ki ngā taumata enzyme ate hei whakatau i te tātaritanga.

Ngā pātai e pā ana ki ngā enzyme ate kua piki ake

Q1. Kia pēhea te roa ka hoki ngā enzyme ate kua piki ake ki te noa?

He rerekē te roa e hoki ai ngā enzyme ate ki te noa i runga i te take i raro. Mēnā nā te mea rangitahi pēnei i te rongoā, i te mate iti rānei te pikinga, ka hoki ngā taumata ki te noa i roto i ngā wiki 2-6 i muri i te tango i te take.

Mō ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate ate momona, i te hepatitis rānei, ka roa pea te maha o ngā marama o te rongoā i mua i te hoki o ngā enzyme ki te noa. Ka kite ētahi tāngata i te whakapai ake i roto i ngā marama 3-6 o ngā huringa o te noho, i te wā e roa ake ai te tau, neke atu rānei mō ētahi atu.

Q2. Ka taea e te ahotea te piki ake i ngā enzyme ate?

Ahakoa kāore te ahotea aronganui anake e piki tika ana i ngā enzyme ate, ka taea e te ahotea mau tonu te whai wāhi ki ngā whanonga me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te mahi ate. Ka taea e te ahotea te arahi ki ngā tikanga kai kino, te pikinga o te inu waipiro, te kino rānei o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate huka.

Heoi anō, ka taea e te ahotea tinana ki te tinana mai i te mate, te pokanga, i ngā rongoā rānei te piki rangitahi i ngā enzyme ate. Mā tō tākuta e āwhina ki te whakatau mēnā kei te whai wāhi te ahotea i roto i tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Q3. He nui tonu ngā enzyme ate kua piki ake?

Kāore, kāore ngā enzyme ate kua piki ake e nui tonu ana. He maha ngā tāngata he pikinga ngawari e whakatau ana i a rātou anō, i ngā huringa noho noa rānei. Kei runga i te nui o ngā taumata, ko ēhea enzyme motuhake kua piki ake, me te mea he tohu tahi.

Ko ngā pikinga ngawari (iti iho i te rua ngā wā o te awhe noa) he rangitahi noa iho, he pai hoki, i te wā e tika ana kia nui ake te aro me te rangahau i ngā taumata tino tiketike, i ngā pikinga mau tonu rānei.

Q4. Ka taea e te whakakori tinana te pā ki ngā taumata enzyme ate?

Āe, ka taea e te whakakōkō kaha te whakanui i ētahi whākōkī ate mō tētahi wā, inarā ko te AST, nā te mea kei roto hoki tēnei whākōkī i te kiko uaua. Ko ngā whakakōkō kaha, ina koa kāore koe i te pōturi ki tērā taumata mahi, ka taea te pakaru uaua e tuku ana i te AST ki roto i tō toto.

Ko tēnei momo whakanui he wā poto noa iho, ka hoki ki te noa i roto i ngā rā torutoru. Heoi anō, ko te whakakōkō āhua noa e tautoko ana i te hauora ate, ā, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā taumata whākōkī i roto i ngā tāngata e mate ana i te ate momona.

Q5. Me whakamutu e au te tango i ngā rongoā katoa mēnā kua piki ake aku whākōkī ate?

Kaua rawa e whakamutu i te tango i ngā rongoā kua tohua me te kore e kōrero tuatahi ki tō tākuta, ahakoa kei te whakaaro koe nā rātou pea i piki ake ai ngā whākōkī ate. He mea nui ētahi rongoā mō tō hauora, ā, ko te whakamutu ohorere i a rātou ka tūpono he mōrearea.

Ka taea e tō tākuta te āwhina ki te whakatau mēnā kei te whai wāhi ētahi o āu rongoā ki te whakanui, ā, mēnā he haumaru te whakatika, te whakamutu rānei i a rātou. Ka tūtohu pea rātou ki te aroturuki i tō mahi ate i te wā e haere tonu ana ngā rongoā e tika ana.