He aha te Whakawhiti Toto? Te Whāinga, te Hātepe me ngā Hua

Ko te whakawhiti toto he tikanga rongoā e whiwhi ai koe i te toto kua koha, i ngā wāhanga toto rānei mā te rārangi rāpoi (IV). Whakaarohia he mea e hoatu ana ki tō tinana ngā wāhanga toto e tika ana ina kore e taea e ia te hanga i te nui, kua ngaro rānei te nui rawa atu i te whara, i te mate rānei.

Kua āwhina tēnei tikanga haumaru, noa i te miriona tāngata ki te ora mai i ngā pokanga, ngā aituā, me ngā āhuatanga rongoā. Ka tātari tō rōpū rongoā i te toto kua koha ki tō momo toto, e āhei ai te whakawhiti toto kia tino haumaru ina mahia i roto i ngā wāhi rongoā.

He aha te whakawhiti toto?

Kei roto i te whakawhiti toto te whiwhi toto, ngā hua toto rānei mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ki roto i tō rerenga toto mā te ngongo angiangi e kīia ana ko te kātere IV. Ka whakakapi te hātepe i te toto kua ngaro i a koe, ka whakarato rānei i ngā wāhanga toto kāore e nui ana te hanga e tō tinana.

Ka whiwhi pea koe i te toto katoa, kei roto katoa ngā wāhanga toto, i ngā wāhanga motuhake rānei pēnei i ngā pūtau toto whero, te plasma, te pāreti rānei. Ka whakatau tō tākuta i te mea e tika ana māu i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake me ngā hua whakamātautau.

E whakarite ana te pēke toto hou i te whakamātautau me te tātari whānui i te toto kua koha. Mā tēnei ka haumaru ake te whakawhiti toto i ngā tau tekau ki muri, he iti noa iho ngā raruraru nui.

He aha te take e mahia ai te whakawhiti toto?

Ka āwhina te whakawhiti toto ki te whakahoki mai i te mea kua ngaro i tō tinana, kāore rānei e taea e ia te hanga anō. Ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i tēnei tikanga ina heke rawa iho ō taumata toto ki te tautoko i ngā mahi noa o tō tinana.

He maha ngā āhuatanga rongoā e hiahia ana ki te whakawhiti toto. Me tuku ahau ki a koe i ngā take nui e tūtohu ana ngā tākuta i tēnei maimoatanga:

• Te nui o te toto kua ngaro: Whai muri i nga aitua, nga pokanga, te toto ranei o roto e nui ai te ngaronga o te toto
• Nga mate anemia: Ka kore to tinana e hanga i nga pūtau toto whero hauora, ka ngaro ranei i te tere rawa
• Nga maimoatanga mate pukupuku: Ka taea e te rongoa matū te whakaiti i te kaha o to tinana ki te whakaputa pūtau toto
• Nga mate toto: Ko nga mate pēnei i te mate pūtau kokopi, te thalassemia ranei e pā ana ki te hanga pūtau toto
• Nga raruraru kōpiko: Ka kore to toto e kōpiko tika ana na te iti o te tatauranga platelet
• Te mate ate: Ka taea e nga mate ate matatau te pā ki te hanga pūmua toto

Ko etahi o nga mate onge e hiahia ana hoki ki te whakawhitinga toto, tae atu ki etahi mate autoimmune e whakaeke ana to punaha ārai mate i ō pūtau toto ake. Ka arotakehia e tō rōpū hauora tō āhuatanga motuhake hei whakatau mēnā he pai te whakawhitinga toto.

He aha te tikanga mo te whakawhitinga toto?

Ka tīmata te tukanga whakawhitinga toto i mua i te whiwhinga o ngā hua toto. Ka whai i ngā mahi tūpato tō rōpū hauora hei whakarite i tō haumaru me te angitu o te tikanga.

Tuatahi, ka tono tō tākuta i ngā whakamātautau toto hei whakatau i tō momo toto me te tirotiro i ngā paturopi. Ko tēnei tukanga, e kiia nei ko "momo me te whakawhiti", e whakarite ana ka pai te toto i tūao ki tō toto.

Anei ngā mea ka pā i te wā o te tikanga whakawhitinga:

1. Te whakanoho i te raina IV: Ka whakauru te nēhi i tētahi ngongo angiangi ki roto i te uaua i tō ringa, i tō pūhi rānei
2. Te aroturuki i te tūāpapa: Ka tirohia e tō rōpū hauora ō tohu nui, tae atu ki te pēhanga toto, te tere o te ngākau, me te pāmahana
3. Te whakamana toto: E rua ngā kaiwhakarato hauora e whakamana ana i tō tuakiri me te whakapūmau i te tūnga toto e hāngai ana ki ō kōrero
4. Tīmatanga pōturi: Ka tīmata pōturi te whakawhitinga toto i te wā e aroturukihia ana koe e ngā kaimahi mō ngā tauhohenga tonu
5. Te aroturuki tonu: I te wā o te tukanga, ka tirohia e tō nēhi tō āhua i ngā wā katoa
6. Te otinga: Whai muri i te otinga o te rere o te toto, ka tangohia te raina IV, ā, ka takaihia te wāhi werohanga

Ko te katoa o te tukanga e pā ana ki te kotahi ki te whā hāora, i runga i te nui o te toto e hiahia ana koe. Ko te nuinga o te tangata e pai ana i te wā o te whakawhitinga toto, ā, ka taea te pānui, te mātakitaki TV, te okioki rānei i te wā e whiwhi ana i te rongoā.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakawhitinga toto?

Ko te whakarite mō te whakawhitinga toto e whai ana i ngā mahi whaihua me te māramatanga ki ngā mea e tūmanakohia ana. Mā tō rōpū hauora koe e ārahi i ngā mea katoa, engari mā te mōhio ki ngā mea kei mua i a koe ka āwhina i a koe kia māia ake.

Ka whakamārama tō tākuta i te tuatahi i te take e hiahia ana koe ki te whakawhitinga toto me te kōrero mō ngā āwangawanga kei a koe. Ka arotake hoki rātou i tō hītori hauora me ngā rongoā o nāianei kia mōhio ai kei te haere pai ngā mea katoa.

Koinei ngā mahi whakarite matua e tūmanakohia ana e koe:

• Te whakamātau i te momo toto: Te mahi taiwhanga hei whakatau i tō momo toto me te tirotiro i ngā paturopi
• Te tukanga whakaae: Te kōrero mō ngā painga, ngā tūponotanga, me ngā momo rongoā kē atu i mua i te hainatanga i ngā puka whakaae
• Arotake rongoā: Te whakamōhio i tō tākuta mō ngā rongoā katoa, ngā tāpiringa, me ngā rongoā otaota
• Te kai me te inu: I te nuinga o te wā kāore he here, engari ka hoatu pea e tō tākuta ētahi tohutohu motuhake
• Ngā kākahu hāneanea: Te mau i ngā ringaringa wātea ka taea te hikitia mō te uru IV
• Tangata tautoko: Te haere mai me tētahi hoa, mema rānei o te whānau ki te hiahiatia

Kāore e hiahiatia e te nuinga o te tāngata kia nui ngā huringa i te oranga i mua i te whakawhitinga toto. Heoi anō, whakamōhio atu ki tō rōpū hauora mēnā i pā ki a koe ngā tauhohenga whakawhitinga toto i mua, mēnā rānei he āwangawanga whakapono, whaiaro rānei ōna mō te whiwhi hua toto.

Me pēhea te pānui i ō hua whakawhitinga toto?

Ko te māramatanga ki ō hua whakawhitinga toto ko te titiro ki ētahi inenga matua e whakaatu ana i te pai o te urupare a tō tinana ki te rongoā. Ka whakamārama tō tākuta i ēnei tau i roto i te horopaki o tō āhua motuhake.

Ko ngā inenga tino nui ko tō taumata hemoglobin, e kawe ana i te hāora puta noa i tō tinana, me tō hematocrit, e whakaatu ana i te ōrau o ngā pūtau toto whero i roto i tō toto. Ka āwhina ēnei tau ki te whakatau mēnā i tutuki i te whakawhitinga ngā whāinga i whakaritea.

Koinei te mea e aroturukihia ana e tō rōpū hauora i muri i te whakawhitinga:

• Ngā taumata Hemokōpini: Me piki ake e pā ana ki te 1-2 karamu mō ia rita mō ia wae pūtau toto whero i whakawhitia
• Ōrau Hematocrit: Te tikanga ka piki ake e 3-4% mō ia wae pūtau toto whero i riro mai
• Te tatau Platelet: Ki te mea i whiwhi koe i ngā platelet, me piki ake tō tatau i roto i ngā hāora
• Ngā tohu nui: Me noho pūmau te pēhanga toto, te tere o te ngākau, me ngā taumata hāora
• Te whakapai ake i ngā tohu: Iti ake te ngenge, pai ake te hā, rānei te whakaheke toto i runga i tō āhuatanga

Ka whakataurite tō tākuta i ēnei hua ki ō taumata i mua i te whakawhitinga toto hei aromatawai i te pai o te whakaae me te whakamahi o tō tinana i te toto i tūao. I ētahi wā e hiahiatia ana ētahi atu whakawhitinga toto kia eke ki ngā taumata whāinga.

Me pēhea te pupuri i ngā taumata toto hauora i muri i te whakawhitinga toto?

Ko te pupuri i ngā taumata toto hauora i muri i tō whakawhitinga toto ko te tautoko i te hanga toto tūturu o tō tinana me te whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta. Ko te whāinga ko te āwhina i tō tinana ki te pupuri i ngā whakapainga i riro mai i te whakawhitinga toto.

Ka hangaia e tō rōpū hauora tētahi mahere whaiaro i runga i te take i hiahiatia ai tō whakawhitinga toto i te tuatahi. Ka uru pea tēnei ki te rongoā i ngā āhuatanga kei raro, te whakatika i ngā rongoā, rānei te whakarereke i te oranga.

Anei ngā rautaki noa hei tautoko i ngā taumata toto hauora:

• Ngā kai whai rino: Whakaurua ngā mīti hiroki, ngā rau kākāriki, ngā pīni, me ngā pata i whakanuia ki tō kai
• Ngā tāpiringa huaora: Tangohia ngā tāpiringa rino, huaora B12, rānei folate i runga i te tohutohu
• Aroturuki auau: Haere ki ngā whakaritenga whai muri mō ngā whakamātautau toto me ngā aromatawai hauora
• Whakaū ki ngā rongoā: Tangohia ngā rongoā i tohutohutia i runga i te tika
• Okiokinga tika: Kia nui te moe hei tautoko i te whakaora o tō tinana me te hanga toto
• Te wai: Inu wai nui hei tautoko i te rōrahi toto hauora

Ko ētahi tāngata e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere rongoā tonu mō ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate tākihi tawhito, i ngā mate toto rānei. Ka mahi tō tākuta ki a koe ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere wā-roa e mau ai tō hauora me te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā whakawhitinga toto ā muri ake nei.

He aha ngā āhuatanga tūpono mō te hiahia whakawhitinga toto?

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka piki ake te tūponotanga o tō hiahia ki te whakawhitinga toto i roto i tō oranga. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei āhuatanga tūpono ka āwhina i a koe me tō rōpū rongoā ki te whakarite mō ngā āhuatanga ka hiahia pea te whakawhitinga.

Ko ētahi āhuatanga tūpono ka taea e koe te whai pānga mā ngā whiringa kāhua ora, i te wā e pā ana ētahi ki ngā āhuatanga rongoā, ki ngā āhuatanga ira rānei kāore e taea e koe te whakahaere. Mā te mōhio ki ēnei āhuatanga ka pai ake te whakamahere hauora me te aroturuki.

Ngā āhuatanga tūpono noa ka arahi pea ki ngā hiahia whakawhitinga toto ko:

• Ngā āhuatanga rongoā tawhito: Te mate tākihi, te mate pukupuku, ngā mate ārai-a-tinana e pā ana ki te hanga toto
• Ngā tikanga pokanga: Ngā pokanga nui, ina koa ko ngā mea e pā ana ki te ngākau, te ate, ngā oko toto nui rānei
• Ngā mate toto: Ngā āhuatanga tuku iho pēnei i te mate pūtau kokopi, te thalassemia, te hemophilia rānei
• Ngā raruraru hapū: Te nui o te toto i te wā whānau, ngā āhuatanga rānei e pā ana ki te hapū
• Ngā pānga rongoā: Te rongoā matū, ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, ētahi atu rongoā rānei e pā ana ki te hanga toto
• Te tūponotanga whara: Ngā mahi, ngā tūmahi rānei e nui ake ai te tūponotanga o ngā aituā

Ko ngā āhuatanga tūpono kāore i te pōturi engari he mea nui, ko ngā āhuatanga ira onge e pā ana ki te whakaheke toto, ētahi mate pāwera e whakangaro ana i ngā pūtau toto, me ngā ngoikoretanga kai nui. Ka taea e tō tākuta te āwhina i a koe ki te aromatawai i tō ake ake tūponotanga, me te tūtohu i te aroturuki tika.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta mai i te whakawhitinga toto?

Ahakoa te nuinga o te wā he tino haumaru te whakawhitinga toto, pērā i ētahi atu tikanga rongoā, ka puta pea ngā raruraru. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei take ka āwhina i a koe ki te mōhio ki ngā tohu whakatūpato, me te rapu i te manaakitanga tika ki te hiahiatia.

Ko te nuinga o ngā raruraru whakawhitinga he ngawari, he wā poto noa iho, ka ngaro wawe me te rongoā tika. He onge ngā raruraru nui, ka puta i roto i te iti iho i te 1% o ngā whakawhitinga, he mihi ki ngā tikanga haumaru hou me ngā tikanga tātari toto.

Koinei ngā raruraru ka puta pea me mōhio koe:

• Ngā tauhohenga pānga: He pānga kiri ngawari, te mānukanuka, te pūhi rānei e pai ana te urupare ki ngā antihistamines
• Ngā tauhohenga kirika: He pikinga pāmahana rangitahi i te wā, i muri rānei i te whakawhitinga toto
• Te nui rawa o te wai: Te whiwhi toto i te tere rawa, e pā ana ki te uaua ki te manawa, te pūhi rānei
• Ngā tauhohenga hemolytic: He tauhohenga onge engari he tauhohenga nui ina kāore e ōrite ngā momo toto
• Te whakawhiti mate: He onge rawa nā te arotake toto nui me te whakamātautau
• Te nui rawa o te rino: He āwangawanga pea ki ngā whakawhitinga maha i te roanga o te wā

Ko ngā raruraru onge rawa ko ngā tauhohenga ārai mate nui, te whara o te pūkahukahu, te whakawhiti rānei o ngā mate kāore e kitea e te arotake o nāianei. E mātakitaki ana tō rōpū hauora i a koe i te wā, i muri hoki i te whakawhitinga toto kia tere te tautuhi me te rongoā i ngā raruraru ka puta.

Āhea au e kite ai i te tākuta i muri i te whakawhitinga toto?

Ko te mōhio ki te wā ki te whakapā atu ki tō tākuta i muri i te whakawhitinga toto ka āwhina i te hopu wawe i ngā raruraru me te rongoā wawe. Ko te nuinga o te tangata e pai ana i muri i ngā whakawhitinga, engari he mea nui kia tūpato ki ngā huringa o tō āhua.

Ka hoatu e tō rōpū hauora ngā tohutohu motuhake mō te tiaki whai muri me ngā tohu whakatūpato hei mātakitaki. Ko ēnei aratohu i hangaia mō tō āhuatanga takitahi me te take i hiahia ai koe ki te whakawhitinga.

Whakapā atu ki tō tākuta, rapu rānei i te āwhina hauora tonu mēnā ka pā ki a koe:

• Kirika, ngau rānei: Te pāmahana i runga ake i te 100.4°F (38°C) he wiri tonu rānei
• Ngā raruraru manawa: Te poto o te manawa, te mamae o te uma, te uaua rānei ki te manawa
• Ngā tauhohenga kaha: Te pūwhāwhā whānui, te pūpū, ngā tohu rānei o te tauhohenga pāwera
• Te toto rere ke: Te ihu toto, te pānga, te toto rānei e kore e mutu
• Ngā take tōhanga: Te tere o te ngākau, te whanoke, te ngoikore rānei
• Ngā tohu mate: Te whero, te pūpū, te rerenga rānei i te wāhi IV

Whakapā atu hoki mēnā ka kite koe i ngā tohu e hoki mai ana i te mea i whāia e te whakawhitinga toto, pēnei i te tino ngenge, te kiri koma, te ngoikore rānei. Ka tohu pea ēnei me hiahia koe ki te rongoā atu, ki te aroturuki rānei.

Ngā pātai e pātai pinepine ana mō te whakawhitinga toto

P1: He haumaru te whakawhitinga toto mō te hunga e whai mate ngākau ana?

Ka taea te haumaru te whakawhitinga toto mō te hunga e whai mate ngākau ana, engari me nui ake te aroturuki me te whakahaere tupato. Ka mahi tahi tō tākuta ngākau me te rōpū whakawhitinga toto kia mōhio ai ka taea e tō ngākau te whakahaere i te rōrahi toto atu.

Ka whiwhi pea te hunga e whai mate ngākau ana i te toto i te pōturi ake i te tikanga hei ārai i te nui rawa o te wai, ka pēnei pea te pēhi i te ngākau. Ka aroturukihia e tō rōpū hauora te mahi o tō ngākau i te wā o te tukanga, ā, ka whakamahi pea i ngā rongoā hei āwhina i tō ngākau ki te whakahaere i te wai atu mēnā e tika ana.

P2: Me whakawhitinga toto tonu te hemoglobin iti?

Kāore e hiahiatia tonu te whakawhitinga toto e te hemoglobin iti. Ka whakaarohia e tō tākuta te maha o ngā āhuatanga i tua atu i te tau hemoglobin, tae atu ki ō tohu, te hauora whānui, me te take i raro iho o ngā taumata iti.

He maha ngā tāngata e pā ana ki te anemia ngawari ki te āhua ka taea te rongoā ki ngā tāpiringa rino, ngā huringa kai, rānei ngā rongoā e whakaihiihi ana i te hanga toto. Ko te whakawhiti toto e rāhui ana mō ngā take nui, mō te wā rānei kāore ētahi atu rongoā e mahi ana i te tere.

Q3: Ka taea e au te tākoha toto i muri i te whiwhi whakawhiti toto?

I te nuinga o te wā ka taea e koe te tākoha toto i muri i te whiwhi whakawhiti toto, engari me tatari koe mō tētahi wā motuhake. I te nuinga o ngā whenua, me tatari koe mō te iti rawa 12 marama i muri i te whiwhi whakawhiti toto i mua i tō tākoha.

Ka āwhina tēnei wā tatari ki te whakarite i te haumaru o te tuku toto, me te whai wā te tinana ki te tukatuka katoa i te toto i whakawhitia. Ka taea e tō pokapū tākoha toto te whakarato i ngā aratohu motuhake i runga i tō āhuatanga me tō wāhi.

Q4: He ētahi atu huarahi kē atu i te whakawhiti toto?

He maha ngā huarahi kē atu i te whakawhiti toto e noho ana, i runga i tō āhuatanga me ngā hiahia rongoā. Ka whakamahia pea ēnei kōwhiringa anake, i te tahi rānei me te whakawhiti toto hei whakaiti i te nui o te toto i tākohahia e hiahiatia ana.

Kei roto i ngā huarahi kē atu ngā rongoā e whakaihiihi ana i te hanga toto o tō tinana ake, ngā tāpiringa rino mō te anemia, ngā whakakapinga toto waihanga i ngā wā rangahau, me ngā tikanga pokanga e whakaiti ana i te ngaronga toto. Ka taea e tō tākuta te kōrero mō ngā huarahi kē atu e tika ana mō tō āhuatanga.

Q5: Kia pēhea te roa o ngā pūtau toto i whakawhitia e noho ana i tō tinana?

Ko ngā pūtau toto whero i whakawhitia e noho ana mō te 100 ki te 120 rā i tō tinana, he rite ki ō pūtau toto whero ake. Heoi, ko ētahi pūtau i whakawhitia kua rokirokia mō ngā wiki, nō reira he rerekē te roa o tō rātou oranga.

Ko ngā platelets mai i ngā whakawhitinga he poto ake te roa, te nuinga o te 7 ki te 10 rā, i te wā e whakamahia ana ngā wāhanga plasma e tō tinana i roto i ngā hāora ki ngā rā. Ka whakakapi haere tō tinana i te toto i whakawhitia ki ōna ake pūtau toto hou i te wā.