He aha te pokanga katarakata? Te Whāinga, te Hātepe & te Whakaora

He hātepe noa, haumaru te pokanga katarakata e tango ana i te arotahi pōkaikaha mai i tō kanohi, ka whakakapi ki te arotahi mārama hangai. E 15-30 meneti te roa o tēnei pokanga waho-tūroro, ā, ka tino whakapai ake i tō tirohanga ina tīmata ana ngā katarakata ki te pā ki tō oranga o ia rā.

Mēnā kei te whakaaro koe ki te pokanga katarakata, kua kī mai rānei koe me mahi, tērā pea kei te pōhēhē koe i te tūmanako me te āwangawanga. He mea noa noa iho tērā. Me haere tātou i ngā mea katoa e hiahia ana koe ki te mōhio mō tēnei hātepe e huri ana i te ora.

He aha te pokanga katarakata?

Ko te pokanga katarakata e tango ana i te arotahi māori pōkaikaha o tō kanohi, ka whakakapi ki te arotahi hangai mārama e kīia ana he arotahi intraocular (IOL). Whakaarohia me te whakakapi i tētahi matapihi pōkaikaha ki tētahi matapihi mārama.

Ka mahia te pokanga e tētahi tohunga kanohi mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga e kīia ana ko te phacoemulsification. I te wā o tēnei hātepe, ka hanga e tō tākuta he tapahi iti i tō kanohi, ka whakamahi i ngā ngaru ultrasound hei wawahi i te arotahi pōkaikaha ki ngā wāhanga iti. Ka ngotea mārire ēnei wāhanga, ā, ka whakaurua te arotahi hangai hou ki tōna wāhi.

He maha ngā tāngata e miharo ana ki te tere me te pai o te hātepe. Ka oho koe i te wā o te pokanga, engari ka matapō te kanohi i ngā topata rongoā. He maha ngā tūroro e kī ana he iti noa iho te mamae i te wā o te hātepe.

He aha te take e mahia ai te pokanga katarakata?

E tūtohutia ana te pokanga katarakata ina raru ana ngā katarakata i ō mahi o ia rā me te kounga o te ora. Kāore te whakatau i runga i te

• Te uaua ki te pānui, ahakoa he karaihe
• Te raruraru ki te kite i te pō, i te marama rānei
• Te tairongo ki ngā mārama kanapa, ki te whiti rānei
• Ngā tae e puta ana he pāwera, he kōwhai rānei
• Te kite rua i tētahi kanohi
• Ngā huringa auau i te rongoā karaihe

Ko te whāinga he āwhina i a koe kia kite mārama anō kia taea ai e koe te haere tonu i ngā mahi e arohaina ana e koe. Ahakoa te pānui, te taraiwa, te tunu kai, te noho tahi rānei me te whānau, ka taea e te pokanga katārata te whakahoki mai i tō mana motuhake me tō māia.

I ngā wā onge, ka tūtohutia pea te pokanga ahakoa kāore i te tino pā te kite. Ka pēnei tēnei ina tino mātotoru ngā katārata, kāore e taea e te tākuta te kite i te tuarā o tō kanohi ki te tirotiro mō ētahi atu āhuatanga pēnei i te glaucoma, i te macular degeneration rānei.

He aha te tikanga mō te pokanga katārata?

E whai ana te pokanga i tētahi tukanga tika, kua whakatūria pai, e 15-30 meneti te roa. Ka tae koe ki te pokapū pokanga tata ki te hāora i mua i tō tikanga mō te whakarite.

Koinei te mea e pā ana i te wā o tō pokanga:

1. Ka horoia, ka whakamātauhia tō wāhi kanohi ki ngā topata rongoā
2. Ka mahia tētahi tapahi iti (tata ki te 2-3 mirimita) ki te cornea
3. Ka tangohia te wāhanga o mua o te pūtau arotahi
4. Ka pakaru te kaha ultrasound i te arotahi pōuri ki ngā wāhanga iti
5. Ka ngāwari te ngote i ngā wāhanga arotahi
6. Ka whakauruhia, ka whakatakotoria te arotahi hanga hou
7. Ko te tapahi te tikanga ka hīra i a ia anō, kāore he tūi

Ka hoatu ki a koe tētahi rongoā ngawari hei āwhina i a koe kia okioki, engari ka noho mātau koe i te wā o te tikanga. Ko te nuinga o ngā tūroro e kite ana he māmā ake te wheako i tā rātou i whakaaro ai. Ka kite pea koe i ētahi mārama me te neke, engari kāore koe e rongo i te mamae.

I muri i te pokanga, ka okioki koe mō te 30 meneti i mua i te hokinga ki te kāinga. Me whai tangata hei taraiwa i a koe, i te mea ka pōuri tō kite i te tīmatanga, ā, ka paku moe pea koe i te rongoā.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō pokanga whakatau kikokiko?

Ko te whakarite mō te pokanga whakatau kikokiko e hāngai ana ki ētahi mahi ngāwari hei āwhina i te whakatutuki i te hua pai rawa atu. Mā te rōpū tākuta e ārahi i a koe i roto i ia whakaritenga, kia whai māia ai koe, kia rite hoki.

I ngā wiki i mua i te pokanga, me:

• Whakaoti i ngā ine i mua i te pokanga o tō kanohi
• Whakawhiti kōrero mō ngā kōwhiringa arotahi ki tō tākuta
• Arotake i ō rongoā o nāianei me tō tākuta
• Whakarite i te kawe i a koe ki te pokapū pokanga, me te kawe mai i reira
• Whakarite kia 1-2 rā te kore mahi, te kore rānei e mahi i ngā mahi noa

Ka ine tō tākuta i tō kanohi hei whakatau i te kaha tika mō tō arotahi hou. He mea nui tēnei mahi mō te whakatutuki i te tirohanga pai rawa atu i muri i te pokanga. Ka kōrero hoki koe mō ngā momo arotahi horihori rerekē, ka kōwhiri i te mea e pai ana ki tō oranga me ō whāinga tirohanga.

I te rā i mua i te pokanga, ka tīmata koe ki te whakamahi i ngā pata kanohi paturopi hei ārai i te mate. I te rā pokanga, kaua e kai, e inu rānei i tētahi mea i muri i te pō waenganui pō, ki te kore e hoatu e tō tākuta ētahi atu tohutohu. Whakakākahu i ngā kākahu hāneanea, me te karo i te mau whakapaipai, whakakai, arotahi whakapā rānei.

Me pēhea te pānui i ō hua pokanga whakatau kikokiko?

Ka puta te whakapai ake i tō tirohanga i muri i te pokanga whakatau kikokiko i te wā, ā, mā te māramatanga ki ngā mea e tūmanakohia ana ka āwhina i a koe ki te aroturuki i tō ahunga whakamua. Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka kite i te tirohanga mārama ake i roto i ētahi rā, me te whakapai tonu i roto i ētahi wiki.

Koinei te ahua o tō wā tika whakaora:

• Rā 1: He pōkaikaha te tirohanga engari ka kite koe i te mārama me ngā āhua
• Wiki 1: Ka puta ngā tae i te mārama ake, ka tīmata te mārama o te tirohanga
• Wiki 2-4: Ka haere tonu te whakapai ake me te pūmau o te tirohanga
• Mā te 1-3: Ka puta ngā hua tirohanga whakamutunga

Ka tirohia e tō tākuta tō tirohanga i ngā tūponotanga whai muri kia mōhio ai kei te ora tika ana. Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka eke ki te tirohanga 20/20, 20/25 rānei i muri i te pokanga, ahakoa te tirohanga whakamutunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hauora o tō kanohi me te momo arotahi i whiriwhiria e koe.

He mea nui kia mōhio pea ka hiahia tonu koe ki ngā karaihe mō ētahi mahi, ina koa te pānui, ahakoa i muri i te pokanga angitu. He mea noa tēnei, ehara i te mea kāore i pai te pokanga. Ko tō arotahi hangai hou te tikanga ka whakatakotoria mō te tirohanga tawhiti, nā reira ka hiahiatia pea ngā karaihe pānui mō te mahi tata.

Me pēhea te tiaki i tō kanohi i muri i te pokanga pōtae?

Ko te tiaki tika i muri i te pokanga e whakarite ana kia pai te ora o tō kanohi, ā, ka whiwhi koe i ngā hua tirohanga pai rawa atu. Ko te rongo pai he tika tonu te tiaki i tō kanohi i muri i te pokanga pōtae, ā, ka kite te nuinga o te tangata he māmā ake i tā rātou i whakaaro ai.

Kei roto i tō tiaki whakaora ēnei mahi nui:

• Whakamahia ngā pata kanohi kua tohua kia rite ki te tohutohu
• Mauhia te whakangunguia kanohi whakamarumaru i te wā e moe ana mō te wiki kotahi
• Kaua e mirimiri, e pēhi rānei i tō kanohi
• Kaua e tukua te wai ki roto i tō kanohi mō te wiki kotahi
• Kaua e hiki i ngā mea taumaha, e mahi rānei i ngā mahi kaha mō ngā wiki e rua
• Haere ki ngā tūponotanga whai muri katoa me tō tākuta

Ka whakamahi koe i ngā pata kanohi paturopi me te anti-inflammatory mō ētahi wiki i muri i te pokanga. Mā ēnei pata e ārai te mate me te whakaiti i te mumura i te wā e ora ana tō kanohi. Ka hoatu e tō tākuta he hōtaka motuhake hei whai.

Ka taea e te nuinga o te tangata te hoki ki ngā mahi noa i roto i ētahi rā, engari me karo koe i te kauhoe, ngā ipu wera, me te tuku hopi, hāpū rānei ki roto i tō kanohi mō te wiki kotahi pea. Ko te taraiwa te tikanga he pai i te wā e mārama ana tō tirohanga kia kite pai ai koe, te tikanga i roto i ētahi rā.

He aha te hua pai rawa atu i muri i te pokanga pōtae?

Ko te hua pai rawa atu i muri i te pokanga katarakata ko te whai i te tirohanga marama, pai hoki, e taea ai e koe te mahi i nga mahi e pai ana ki a koe. Mo te nuinga o nga tangata, ko te tikanga tenei he whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga me te mana motuhake.

Ko te pokanga katarakata angitu te tikanga ka whai:

• He marama ake, he koi ake te tirohanga mo nga mahi tawhiti
• He pai ake te kite i nga tae me te rerekētanga
• He iti ake te kanapa me te tairongo ki te marama
• He pai ake te tirohanga i te po
• He nui ake te maia ki nga mahi o ia ra

Tata ki te 95% o nga tangata e pokanga katarakata ana ka pai ake te tirohanga. Ko te nuinga ka whai i te tirohanga 20/20 ki te 20/40, he pai tenei mo te nuinga o nga mahi o ia ra tae atu ki te taraiwa. Ko te hua tika ka whakawhirinaki ki te hauora o ou kanohi me te momo arotahi horihori e whiriwhiria e koe.

Ko etahi tangata ka whiriwhiri i nga arotahi moni ka taea te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki nga karaihe mo te tawhiti me te panui. Ko etahi atu e pai ana ki nga arotahi paerewa me nga karaihe mo te panui. Ka awhina to taakuta pokanga i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te whiringa e pai ana ki to oranga me o tumanako.

He aha nga mea morearea mo nga raruraru pokanga katarakata?

Ahakoa ko te pokanga katarakata tetahi o nga tikanga haumaru rawa atu e mahia ana i enei ra, ko etahi mea ka paku te whakanui i to tupono ki nga raruraru. Ma te mohio ki enei mea ka awhina i a koe me to taakuta pokanga ki te tango i nga whakatupatotanga tika.

Ko nga mea noa ka piki ake pea nga raru pokanga ko:

• He katarakata tino matatau, he matotoru ranei
• Nga whara o mua, nga pokanga ranei o te kanohi
• Ko etahi atu mate kanohi penei i te glaucoma, te whakahekenga macular ranei
• Te mate huka, etahi atu mate hauora ranei
• Te tango i etahi rongoa penei i te alpha-blockers
• Te tino tata-kite

Ko te whai i enei mea morearea ehara i te mea kaore e taea e koe te pokanga angitu. Ko te tikanga noa tenei ka tango to taakuta pokanga i nga whakatupatotanga taapiri, ka whakarereke pea i te huarahi pokanga. Ka matapakihia e to taakuta to ahuatanga motuhake, ka whakamarama i etahi atu whakaaro.

Ko ngā raruraru onge e mātakitaki ana ngā tākuta pokanga ko te mate, te toto, me ngā raruraru ki te tūnga o te arotahi horihori. E puta ana ēnei i roto i te iti iho i te 1% o ngā pokanga, ā, ka taea te rongoā pai te nuinga mēnā ka puta.

He pai ake te pokanga katarakata wawe, i muri rānei?

Ko te wā o te pokanga katarakata e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o te pānga o ō raruraru tirohanga ki tō oranga o ia rā, ehara i te mea e hia te "pū" o ō katarakata. He whakatau whaiaro tēnei ka mahia e koe me tō tākuta i runga i ō hiahia me tō oranga.

Ka whakaaro pea koe ki te pokanga wawe ake mēnā:

• E raru ana ō raruraru tirohanga i te mahi, i ngā mahi whakangahau rānei
• Kāore koe i te māia ki te taraiwa, inā koa i te pō
• Kua uaua te pānui, te mātakitaki TV rānei
• Kei te nui ake ō hinganga, ō aitua rānei i te tirohanga
• Kei te huri pinepine te rongoā mō ō karu

Kāore he ohotata rongoā ki te pokanga tonu mēnā he tino mātotoru ō katarakata, e pā ana rānei ki ētahi atu raruraru karu. He maha ngā tāngata e tatari ana kia tino pā te tirohanga ki te kounga o te oranga i mua i te kōwhiri i te pokanga.

Heoi, ko te tatari roa rawa ka uaua ake te pokanga mēnā ka tino mārō, ka mātotoru ngā katarakata. Ka taea e tō tākuta pokanga te āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau i te wā pai rawa atu i runga i tō āhuatanga me ō hiahia.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta i te pokanga katarakata?

Ahakoa he tino haumaru te pokanga katarakata, he mea nui kia mōhio ki ngā raruraru ka puta kia taea ai e koe te whakatau mā te mōhio. He iti rawa te reiti o ngā raruraru katoa, e puta ana i roto i te iti iho i te 2% o ngā pokanga.

Ngā raruraru iti noa e ngaro ana i a rātou anō ko:

• Te pūhihi, te mumura rānei mō te wā poto
• Te mamae iti, te ahua rakuraku rānei
• Te pikinga o te pēhanga o te karu mō te wā poto
• Te tairongo ki te mārama mō ētahi rā
• Ngā tohumate karu maroke

Ko ēnei take ka pai ake i roto i ngā rā ki ngā wiki, ā, he uaua te pōrohe i ngā raruraru e mau tonu ana. Ka āwhina ngā rongoā ā-kanohi i whakaritea e tō tākuta ki te whakaiti i ēnei pānga.

He uaua ngā raruraru nui ake, engari ka uru pea:

• Te mate i roto i te kanohi (endophthalmitis)
• Te wehenga o te retina
• Te pupuhi tonu o te kamo
• Te nekehanga o te arotahi hangai
• Te mumura nui, te toto rānei

Ka puta ēnei raruraru i roto i te iti iho i te 1% o ngā pokanga, ā, ka taea te rongoā pai mēnā ka puta. Ka mātakitaki tō tākuta i a koe i te wā o te whakaora kia kite wawe i ngā raruraru.

Āhea au e kite ai i te tākuta mō ngā kātarata?

Me kite koe i tētahi tākuta kanohi mēnā kei te pā mai ngā huringa tirohanga e raru ana i āu mahi o ia rā. Ka āwhina te kōrero wawe i a koe ki te mārama ki āu kōwhiringa me te whakamahere mō te anamata, ahakoa kāore anō koe i rite mō te pokanga.

Whakaritea tētahi hui mēnā ka kite koe i:

• Te uaua haere ki te pānui, ki te mahi tata rānei
• Ngā raruraru ki te taraiwa, ina koa i te pō
• Ngā huringa auau i roto i te rongoā mō ō karu
• Ngā tae e puta ana he pāpā, he iti rānei te ora
• Te nui haere o te tairongo ki te mārama me te kanapa
• Te tirohanga rua i tētahi kanohi

Ka taea e tō tākuta kanohi te tātai i ngā kātarata i te wā o te whakamātautau kanohi whānui, ā, ka āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki te pānga o ēnei ki tō tirohanga. Ka tirohia hoki e rātou ētahi atu āhuatanga kanohi e āwhina ana i āu raruraru tirohanga.

I muri i te pokanga kātarata, whakapā atu ki tō tākuta tonu mēnā ka pā mai te mamae nui, te ngaronga ohorere o te tirohanga, ngā rama kōwhiti, ngā tohu rānei o te mate pēnei i te whero nui, te rere rānei. E hiahia ana ēnei tohu ki te aro mai o te rongoā.

Ngā pātai auau mō te pokanga kātarata

Q.1 He pai te pokanga kātarata mō ngā tūroro glaucoma?

Āe, he maha ngā wā ka taea te mahi haumaru i te pokanga katarata ki ngā tāngata e pā ana ki te glaucoma, ā, tera pea ka āwhina i te whakaheke i te pēhanga o te kanohi i ētahi wā. Heoi anō, me whai whakaaro motuhake me te aroturuki i ngā tūroro glaucoma puta noa i te tukanga.

Ka mahi tahi tō tākuta pokanga me tō tohunga glaucoma kia mōhio kei te kore te pokanga e pokanoa ki tō rongoā glaucoma. I ētahi wā, ka taea te whakakotahi i te pokanga katarata me te pokanga glaucoma i roto i te kotahi tukanga hei whakatika i ngā āhuatanga e rua i te wā kotahi.

Q.2 Ka pā mai te pokanga katarata i ngā kanohi maroke?

Ka taea e te pokanga katarata te whakapōrearea i ngā tohumate kanohi maroke, engari ko te tikanga ka pai ake tēnei i roto i ngā wiki ki ngā marama i muri i te pokanga. Ka taea e te tapahi pokanga te whakararuraru i te kiriata roimata tūturu o te kanohi, e arahi ana ki te maroke rangitahi.

Mēnā kei a koe ngā kanohi maroke, kōrero ki tō tākuta pokanga i mua i te tukanga. Ka tūtohu pea rātou kia tīmata i te rongoā kanohi maroke i mua i te pokanga, i te whakamahi rānei i ngā tikanga motuhake hei whakaiti i te pānga ki tō kiriata roimata.

Q.3 Ka taea te mahi i ngā kanohi e rua i te wā kotahi?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tākuta pokanga e tūtohu ana kia mahi i tētahi kanohi i te wā kotahi, ko te tikanga ka whakatakoto i ngā pokanga 1-2 wiki te wā. Mā tēnei huarahi ka taea e koe te pupuri i tētahi tirohanga mahi i te wā o te whakaora, me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā kanohi e rua.

Heoi anō, i ngā wā tino onge i te wā e kore ai te tangata e whai tirohanga mahi i ngā kanohi e rua, ka whakaarohia pea te pokanga i te wā kotahi. Ka kōrero tō tākuta pokanga i te huarahi pai rawa atu i runga i tō āhuatanga me ō hiahia.

Q.4 Kia pēhea te roa o ngā arotahi horihori?

I hangaia ngā arotahi horihori kia roa te ora, ā, ko te tikanga kāore e hiahiatia kia whakakapia. Ko ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā arotahi intraocular hou he tino roa, he tūpono hoki i roto i te kanohi.

I ngā wā onge, me whakatū anō, me whakakapi rānei tētahi arotahi mēnā ka neke atu i tōna tūnga, mēnā ka whanake koe i ngā raruraru. Heoi anō, ka puta tēnei i roto i te iti iho i te 1% o ngā wā, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata kāore rawa e hiahia i ētahi atu tukanga e pā ana ki te arotahi.

Q.5 Me hiahia ahau i ngā karu mō te pokanga katarata?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka hiahia i ngā karu mō ētahi mahi i muri i te pokanga katarata, te tikanga mō te pānui, mō te mahi tata rānei. Ko ngā arotahi hangahanga paerewa te tikanga ka whakatakotoria mō te tirohanga tawhiti mārama, nō reira he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana ngā karu pānui.

Ko ngā arotahi moni pēnei i te maha-ā-arotahi, i ngā arotahi whakatikatika rānei ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā karu mō te tirohanga tawhiti me te tata, ahakoa kāore pea e whakakore katoa i te hiahia mō ngā karu. Mā tō tākuta e āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te kōwhiringa arotahi e pai ana ki tō oranga me ō whāinga tirohanga.