He aha te Electromyography (EMG)? Te Whāinga, Ngā Taumata/Tikanga & Ngā Hua

Ko te Electromyography, arā ko te EMG, he whakamātautau rongoā e ine ana i te mahi hiko i roto i ō uaua. Whakaarohia he huarahi mā ngā tākuta ki te whakarongo ki ngā kōrero hiko e pā ana i waenga i ō io me ō uaua. Mā tēnei whakamātautau e āwhina ana i ngā kaiwhakarato hauora ki te mārama ki te pai o te mahi tahi o ō uaua me ngā io e whakahaere ana i a rātou.

Kei roto i te whakamātautau te whakatakoto i ngā hiko iti ki runga i tō kiri, te whakauru rānei i ngira angiangi ki roto i ngā uaua motuhake. Ka kitea e ēnei hiko ngā tohu hiko iti e whakaputaina ana e ō uaua i te wā e kirimana ana, e whakangā ana. He rite ki te whai i tētahi hopuoro tino tairongo e taea ai te hopu i ngā kōrero iti o te mahi o ō uaua.

He aha te Electromyography (EMG)?

Ko te EMG he whakamātautau tātaritanga e tuhi ana i te mahi hiko e whakaputaina ana e ō uaua. Ka hanga noa ō uaua i ngā tohu hiko iti i te wā e kirimana ana, ā, ka hopu tēnei whakamātautau i aua tohu hei āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te arotake i te mahi o ngā uaua me ngā io.

E rua ngā momo matua o te whakamātautau EMG. Ka whakamahi te Surface EMG i ngā hiko ka whakatakotohia ki runga i tō kiri hei ine i te mahi uaua mai i te mata. Kei roto i te Needle EMG te whakauru i ngira tino angiangi ki roto i te kiko uaua kia nui ake ngā pānui taipitopito o ngā muka uaua takitahi.

Ka whakawhiwhia e te whakamātautau ngā mōhiohio whai hua mō te hauora o ngā uaua, te mahi io, me ngā ara kōrero i waenga i tō roro, tō taurakira, me ō uaua. Mā ēnei mōhiohio e āwhina ana i ngā tākuta ki te tātai i ngā momo āhuatanga neuromuscular me te whakamahere i ngā maimoatanga tika.

He aha te take e mahia ai te Electromyography (EMG)?

Ka tūtohu ngā tākuta i te whakamātautau EMG i te wā e pā ana ki a koe ngā tohu e whakaatu ana i ngā raruraru ki ō uaua, ki ngā io rānei e whakahaere ana i a rātou. Mā te whakamātautau e āwhina ana ki te tautuhi mēnā nā ngā mate uaua, te kino o ngā io, ngā take rānei e pā ana ki te hononga i waenga i ngā io me ngā uaua i puta ai ō tohu.

Ka tohutohu pea tō tākuta hauora i tēnei whakamātautau mēnā kei te pā koe i te ngoikore o te uaua, te kōpiko, te wiri rānei kāore he take mārama. He mea whai hua hoki i te wā e pā ana koe i te ngongoro, te ngū, te mamae rānei e tohu ana i ngā raruraru o te io.

He mea nui te whakamātautau mō te tātai i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te kōrero o tō pūnaha io ki ō uaua. Anei ētahi take noa e tono ana ngā tākuta i te whakamātautau EMG:

• Te ngoikore o te uaua, te pararutiki rānei
• Te wiri, te kōpiko rānei o te uaua
• Te ngongoro, te ngū rānei i ngā ringa, i ngā waewae rānei
• Te mamae o te uaua kāore i te whakamāramahia
• Te uaua ki te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga o te uaua
• Te whakapae i te kino o te io i te wharanga, i te mate rānei
• Te aroturuki i te haere whakamua o ngā āhuatanga neuromuscular e mōhiotia ana

Ka āwhina te whakamātautau EMG ki te tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga neuromuscular noa me ngā āhuatanga onge. Ko ngā āhuatanga noa ko te mate carpal tunnel, ngā io kua kōpeke, me ngā whara uaua. Ko ngā āhuatanga onge pea ko te dystrophy uaua, myasthenia gravis, te amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) rānei.

He aha te tikanga mō te EMG?

Ko te tikanga EMG te nuinga ka 30 ki te 60 meneti te roa, ka mahia i roto i te tari tākuta, i te hōhipera rānei. Ka tonoa koe ki te mau i ngā kākahu pai e taea ai te uru ki ngā uaua e whakamātauria ana.

I te wā o te EMG mata, ka horoi tō tākuta hauora i te kiri i runga i ngā uaua e whakamātauria ana, ka whakapiri i ngā hiko iti, papatahi mā te whakamahi i ngā papaki whakapiri. Ka honoa ēnei hiko ki tētahi pūrere rekoata e whakaatu ana i te mahi hiko i runga i te mata rorohiko.

Mō te EMG ngira, ka kuhu tō tākuta i ngā ngira angiangi rawa ki roto i ngā uaua motuhake. Ahakoa ka pērā te ahua o tēnei, he angiangi rawa ngā ngira i ngā mea e whakamahia ana mō ngā toto. Ka pōturi pea koe i te wā e kuhu ana te ngira, engari ka pai te nuinga o te tangata ki tēnei.

I te wā o te whakamātautau, ka tonoa koe ki te whakangāwari i ō uaua, katahi ka whakakaha marie, kaha rānei. Ka hoatu e te tākuta he tohutohu mārama ki a koe mō te wā e whakapakeke ai, e whakangāwari ai i ia rōpū uaua e whakamātauria ana.

I te wā o te tukanga, ka rongo koe i ngā oro mai i te mīhini EMG i te mea e hopu ana i te mahi hiko. He mea noa ēnei oro, ā, ka āwhina i tō tākuta ki te whakamāori i ngā hua. He haumaru te whakamātautau i te nuinga o te wā, ahakoa ka pāngia pea e koe te mamae iti i ngā wāhi i kuhu ai te ngira i muri mai.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō EMG?

He tika te whakarite mō te whakamātautau EMG, ā, he iti noa te whakarite motuhake. Ko te mea nui ko te mau i ngā kākahu whakangāwari, e taea ai te uru ki ngā uaua e hiahia ana tō tākuta ki te tirotiro.

Me karo koe i te whakamahi i ngā hinu, kirīmi, hinu rānei i tō kiri i te rā o te whakamātautau. Ka taea e ēnei hua te whakararu i te kaha o ngā hiko ki te kite i ngā tohu hiko tika. Ki te whakamahi koe i ēnei hua i te nuinga o te wā, me waiho noa i te rā o te whakamātautau.

Anei ētahi mahi whakarite whai hua hei whakarite i ngā hua whakamātautau pai rawa atu:

• Mau i ngā kākahu whakangāwari e taea te tango, te huri rānei
• Waiho ngā hinu, kirīmi, hinu rānei i tō kiri
• Haere tonu ki te tango i ō rongoā i te nuinga o te wā, ki te kore e kīia ētahi atu
• Kai noa i mua i te whakamātautau
• Kaua e inu kawhe ki te mea e tairongo ana koe ki te kawhe, nā te mea ka pā pea ki te mahi uaua
• Tangohia ngā whakapaipai mai i te wāhi e whakamātauria ana
• Kawea mai he rārangi o ō rongoā o nāianei

Whakamōhio atu ki tō tākuta ki te mea e tango ana koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, nā te mea ka pā pea tēnei ki te wāhanga ngira EMG o te whakamātautau. Kāore te nuinga o ngā rongoā e whakararu i ngā hua EMG, engari ka ārahi tō kaiwhakarato hauora i a koe mō ētahi tohutohu motuhake.

Me pēhea te pānui i tō EMG?

E whakaatu ana ngā hua o te EMG i ngā tauira o te mahi hiko i roto i ō uaua, e whakamāramahia ana e tō tākuta kia mōhio ai koe ki te pai o te mahi o ō uaua me ō io. E whakaatu ana ngā hua EMG noa i ngā tauira motuhake o te mahi hiko i te wā e okioki ana ngā uaua me te wā e kōkiri ana.

Inā tino whakataa ngā uaua, me whakaatu he iti noa te mahi hiko. I te wā e kōkiri ana ngā uaua, ka whakaputa ngā uaua hauora i tētahi tauira motuhake o ngā tohu hiko e piki ana i te kaha o te kōkiri.

Ka taea e ngā hua EMG hē te tohu i ngā momo raruraru ki te mahi uaua, io rānei. Ka whakamārama tō tākuta i te tikanga o ngā tauira motuhake mō tō āhua me tō hauora whānui.

Koinei te tikanga o ngā kitenga EMG rerekē:

\n
• Te mahi okioki noa: Te mahi uaua me te io hauora
\n
• Te mahi okioki hē: Te riri uaua, te kino io rānei
\n
• Te whakaheke i te kaha tohu: Te ngoikore uaua, ngā raruraru io rānei
\n
• Ngā tauira hē: Ngā mate neuromuscular pea
\n
• Ngā urupare roa: Ngā take whakahaere io pea
\n
• Te kore o te mahi: Te kino nui o te uaua, io rānei
\n

Ka kōrero tō kaiwhakarato hauora i ō hua motuhake ki a koe, me te whakamārama i te whanaungatanga ki ō tohumate. He wāhanga noa ngā hua EMG o te panga tātaritanga, ā, ka whakamāramahia tonu i te taha o tō hītori rongoā, te whakamātau tinana, me ētahi atu hua whakamātau.

Me pēhea te whakatika i ō taumata EMG?

Kāore he

Mō ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā uaua i kitea e te EMG, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i ngā momo huarahi. Ka āwhina te rongoā tinana ki te whakakaha i ngā uaua ngoikore me te whakapai ake i te mahi. Ka tohua pea ngā rongoā hei whakaiti i te mumura, hei whakahaere rānei i te mamae.

Ngā huarahi maimoatanga noa i runga i ngā kitenga EMG ko:

\n
• Te rongoā tinana hei whakakaha i ngā uaua me te whakapai ake i te nekeneke
\n
• Ngā rongoā hei whakaiti i te mumura, hei whakahaere rānei i ngā tohumate
\n
• Ngā whakarerekētanga o te oranga hei karo i ngā mahi e kino ai ngā tohumate
\n
• Ngā tikanga pokanga mō te kōpeketanga o te io nui
\n
• Ngā pūrere āwhina hei āwhina i ngā mahi o ia rā
\n
• Te rongoā mahi hei whakatika i te mahi me ngā taiao o te kāinga
\n

Ko te mea nui ko te mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere maimoatanga i hangaia mō tō āhuatanga me ō hiahia. Ka pai ake ētahi āhuatanga i te wā me te maimoatanga, engari ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere tonu kia mau tonu te mahi me te kounga o te oranga.

He aha te hua EMG pai rawa atu?

Ko te hua EMG pai rawa atu ko tētahi e whakaatu ana i ngā tauira mahi hiko noa i ō uaua me ō io. Ko te tikanga he marie ō uaua i te okiokinga, ā, ka whakaputa i ngā tohu hiko tika ka kumea e koe.

E tohu ana ngā hua EMG noa kei te whiwhi ō uaua i ngā tohu io tika me te urupare tika. Me rite tonu, me te kaha ngā tauira hiko, e whakaatu ana i te pai o te kōrero i waenga i tō pūnaha io me ngā uaua.

Heoi, ko te mea e kiia ana he

Ka whakamāramahia e tō tākuta ngā hua o tō EMG i roto i te horopaki o ō tohu, hītori hauora, me ētahi atu whakamātautau. I ētahi wā, kāore he pānga o ngā hua he iti nei te rereke i roto i te tangata kāore he tohu, engari ko ngā huringa iti i roto i te tangata e mōhiotia ana he āhua nui.

He aha ngā āhuatanga tūpono mō te EMG rereke?

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka whakanui i tō tūponotanga ki te whai hua EMG rereke. He āhuatanga nui te pakeke, i te mea ka heke te mahi o ngā io me ngā uaua i te wā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā pakeke ki te whai kitenga rereke.

Ko ētahi āhuatanga hauora ka nui te whakanui i te tūponotanga o ngā hua EMG rereke. Ka taea e te mate huka te whakangaro i ngā io i te wā, ka puta he tauira mahi hiko rereke. Ka pā te mate ārai-a-tinana ki ngā uaua me ngā io.

He wāhi anō tā ngā āhuatanga o te noho i roto i te hauora o ngā io me ngā uaua. Koinei ngā āhuatanga tūpono nui ka puta he hua EMG rereke:

• Te pakeke (te mau me te haehae o ngā io me ngā uaua)
• Te mate huka (ka taea te whakangaro i ngā io i te wā)
• Ngā mate ārai-a-tinana (ka taea te whakaeke i ngā kiko io me ngā uaua)
• Ngā wharanga mai i te mahi tūao (mai i ngā mahi mahi, hākinakina rānei)
• Ngā wharanga o mua, ngā pokanga rānei e pā ana ki ngā io, ngā uaua rānei
• Te nui o te inu waipiro (ka taea te whakangaro i ngā io)
• Ngā ngoikoretanga o te huaora (nā te huaora B)
• Te pā ki ngā paitini, ētahi rongoā rānei

Ka taea hoki e ētahi āhuatanga ira onge te puta he hua EMG rereke mai i te whānautanga, i te wā rānei o te tamarikitanga. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā momo rerekē o te dystrophy uaua me ngā mate io tuku iho.

Ko te māramatanga ki ēnei āhuatanga tūpono ka āwhina i a koe me tō tākuta ki te whakamārama i ngā hua EMG i te tika ake. Heoi, ko te whai āhuatanga tūpono kāore e taurangi i ngā hua rereke, ā, ko ētahi tāngata e whai kitenga EMG rereke kāore he āhuatanga tūpono e kitea ana.

He pai ake te whai mahi EMG tiketike, iti rānei?

Ehara te mahi EMG i te "tiketike", "iti" rānei pērā i ētahi atu whakamātautau rongoā. Engari, ko te whāinga kia whai mahi hiko e tika ana, e ōrite ana ki ngā mahi e tika ana kia mahia e ō uaua i tētahi wā.

Inā te okiokinga katoa o ō uaua, he mea noa, he mea hauora te iti, te kore rānei o te mahi hiko. E whakaatu ana tēnei ka taea e ō uaua te whakaweto tika i te wā e kore e hiahiatia ana, he mea nui tēnei pērā i te kaha ki te whakawhāiti i te wā e tika ana.

I te wā o te whakawhāititanga o te uaua, e hiahia ana koe ki te kite i te kaha, te mahi hiko rōpū e piki tika ana me te kaha o te whakawhāititanga. Ko te iti rawa o te mahi ka tohu i te ngoikoretanga o te uaua, i ngā raruraru rānei o te io, i te wā e nui rawa ana, e raruraru ana rānei te mahi ka tohu i te riri o te uaua, i te kino rānei o te io.

He mea nui ake te tauira me te wā o te mahi EMG i te nui noa iho. E whakaatu ana ngā uaua hauora i ngā tauira maeneene, rōpū i te wā e whakawhāiti ana, me te noho puku katoa i te wā e okioki ana. Ko ngā hē mai i ēnei tauira noa e whakarato ana i ngā tohu mō ngā raruraru pea.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te EMG hē?

Kāore ngā hua EMG hē i te whai raruraru, engari ka tohu i ngā āhuatanga kei raro e pea ana ka puta ngā raruraru rerekē ki te kore e rongoatia. E whakawhirinaki ana ngā raruraru motuhake ki te āhuatanga e whakaatu ana te EMG hē.

Ka taea e te ngoikoretanga o te uaua i kitea e te EMG te piki haere i te wā ki te kore e whakahaere tika. Ka puta pea tēnei ki te uaua ki ngā mahi o ia rā, te piki haere o te tūponotanga o te hinga, te whakaheke rānei i te kounga o te oranga.

Inā te whakaatu a te EMG i te kino o te io, ka taea e ētahi raruraru te whakawhanake me te kore he rongoā tika. E whānui ana ēnei mai i te raruraru ngawari ki te hauātanga nui, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha me te wāhi o ngā raruraru io.

Ngā raruraru pea o ngā āhuatanga i kitea e te EMG hē ko:

• Te ngoikoretanga o ngā uaua e pā ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā
• Te mamae roa e pā ana ki te moe me te mahi
• Te ngaro o te mana whakahaere i ngā mahi pai e pā ana ki te mahi, ki ngā hākinakina rānei
• Te piki haere o te tūponotanga ki te hinga nā te ngoikoretanga o ngā uaua
• Te uaua ki te manawa mena ka pā te manawa ki ngā uaua
• Ngā raruraru ki te horomia i ngā take nui
• Te kino tūturu o ngā io mena kāore e rongoatia ngā āhuatanga i te wā tika

Ko te rongo pai ko te maha o ngā āhuatanga e kitea ana e te EMG hē ka taea te rongoā, te whakahaere rānei. Ko te tātaritanga wawe mā te whakamātautau EMG ka taea te rongoā wawe, e ārai ana, e whakaiti ana i ēnei raruraru pea.

Āhea ahau e kite ai i te tākuta mō te EMG?

Me kite koe i te tākuta mō te whakamātautau EMG mena kei te pā koe i te ngoikoretanga o ngā uaua, te mamae o ngā uaua kāore i whakamāramahia, ngā rānei ngā rongo kāore i te noa pēnei i te ngū, te ngū rānei. Ko ēnei tohu pea e tohu ana i ngā raruraru ka taea e te EMG te āwhina ki te tātaritanga.

Mena he wiri, he kōpiko, he kōpiko rānei o ngā uaua kāore e ngaro i te okiokinga me te manaaki taketake, he pai ki te kōrero ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora. Ka taea e te EMG te āwhina ki te whakatau mēnā e pā ana ēnei tohu ki ngā raruraru o ngā uaua, o ngā io rānei.

Kaua e tatari ki te rapu āwhina hauora mena ka pā koe i ngā tohu ohorere, nui rānei. Ahakoa te nuinga o ngā raruraru o ngā uaua me ngā io ka piki haere, ko ētahi āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki te arotake me te rongoā wawe.

Anei ngā āhuatanga motuhake me kōrero koe ki te tākuta mō te whakamātautau EMG pea:

• Te ngoikoretanga o ngā uaua e pā ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā
• Te mamae o ngā uaua kāore i whakamāramahia e roa ana i te wiki
• Te ngū, te ngū rānei kāore e pai ake i te wā
• Te wiri, te kōpiko rānei o ngā uaua e kino ana, e horahia ana rānei
• Te uaua ki te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga o ngā uaua
• Te kino o ngā io i te wharanga, i te āhuatanga hauora rānei
• Te hītori o te whānau o ngā āhuatanga neuromuscular me ngā tohu hou

Ka taea e tō tākuta tiaki tuatahi te arotake i ō tohu, me te whakatau mēnā he tika te whakamātautau EMG mō tō āhuatanga. Ka tukuna pea koe ki tētahi tohunga neurologist, ki ētahi atu tohunga rānei, mā rātou e whakahaere te whakamātautau, me te whakamāori i ngā hua.

Ngā pātai e pātai pinepine ana mō te EMG

Q.1 He pai te whakamātautau EMG mō te tātaritanga o te mate carpal tunnel?

Āe, he pai te whakamātautau EMG mō te tātaritanga o te mate carpal tunnel. Ka taea e te whakamātautau te kite i ngā whakaroa o te whakahaere io me ngā huringa uaua e puta ana i te wā e kōpekehia ana te io waenga i te ringaringa.

He maha ngā wā ka uru te EMG ki ngā rangahau whakahaere io e ine ana i te tere o te haere o ngā tohu hiko i tō io. I roto i te mate carpal tunnel, ka puhoi ēnei tohu i te wā e haere ana i te wāhi kōpeke i tō ringaringa. Ka taea hoki e te whakamātautau te whakaatu mēnā kua pā te kōpeketanga ki ngā uaua i tō ringa.

Q.2 Ka pā te ngoikore o ngā uaua i te mahi EMG iti?

Kāore te mahi EMG iti e pā i te ngoikore o ngā uaua, engari ka tohu i ngā raruraru kei raro e pā ana i te ngoikore. I te wā e whakaatu ana te EMG i te iti o te mahi hiko i te wā e kōkirihia ana ngā uaua, he maha ngā wā ko te tikanga kāore te uaua e whiwhi ana i ngā tohu io tika, kua pakaru rānei te kiko uaua.

Nō te āhuatanga kei raro te ngoikore, kāore nō ngā pānui EMG iti. Ko te EMG te whakaatu noa i te mea e tupu ana i te hiko i roto i te uaua, e āwhina ana i ngā tākuta ki te mārama he aha koe i te ngoikore.

Q.3 Kia pēhea te roa o te wā ka puta ngā hua EMG?

Ko te tikanga, ka wātea ngā hua EMG i roto i ngā rā torutoru ki te wiki i muri i tō whakamātautau. Ko te tikanga, ka arotake tō tākuta i ngā hua, me te whakapā atu ki a koe ki te kōrero mō ngā kitenga, me ētahi atu mahi e whai ake nei.

Ka wātea pea ētahi kitenga tuatahi i muri tonu i te whakamātautau, engari ka roa te wā ki te tātari me te whakamāori katoa. Ka whakamārama tō kaiwhakarato hauora i te tikanga o ngā hua mō tō āhuatanga motuhake, me te kōrero mō ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga mēnā e tika ana.

Q.4 Ka taea e te EMG te kite i ngā tohu wawe o te ALS?

Ka taea e te EMG te kite i etahi tohu wawe o te ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), engari ehara koinei anake te whakamātautau e whakamahia ana mō te tātaritanga. Ka pā te ALS i ngā tauira motuhake o te mahi hiko o te uaua me te io ka taea e te EMG te tautuhi, ahakoa i ngā wā tōmua.

Heoi, ko te tātaritanga i te ALS e hiahia ana i ngā whakamātautau maha me te arotake tupato i roto i te wā. He wāhanga nui te EMG o te tukanga tātaritanga, engari ka whakaaro hoki ngā tākuta i ngā tohu haumanu, ētahi atu whakamātautau, me te pēhea te haere o te āhua i mua i te whakatau i tēnei tātaritanga.

Q.5 He mamae te EMG?

Kāore he mamae o te EMG mata. Ka noho noa ngā hiko ki runga i tō kiri, ā, kāore koe e rongo i a rātou e kite ana i ngā tohu hiko. Ko te EMG ngira e whai wāhi ana ki ētahi mamae i te wā e kuhu ana ngā ngira angiangi, engari he maha ngā tāngata e whakaaro ana he pai te manawanui.

Ko te kuhunga ngira he rite ki te tōtōriki poto, he rite ki ngā ngira acupuncture. Kia noho ngā ngira ki te wāhi, kāore koe e rongo i te mamae nui. Ka pā te mamae iti ki ētahi tāngata i ngā wāhi kuhunga mō te rā, e rua rānei i muri i te whakamātautau.