He aha te pokanga whānau? Te Whāinga, te Hātepe & Ngā Hua

He hātepe rongoā motuhake te pokanga whānau e mahia ana ki tētahi pēpi e tipu ana i roto tonu i te kōpū. Mā tēnei wāhi rongoā whakamīharo e taea ai e ngā tākuta te rongoā i ētahi āhuatanga nui i mua i te whānautanga, e whai wāhi ana ki ngā pēpi te tūponotanga pai rawa atu mō te oranga hauora. Whakaarohia me te mea kei te hoatu ki tō pēpi tētahi tīmatanga pai ki te whakaora i a rātou e tipu ana i roto i a koe.

He aha te pokanga whānau?

E whai pānga ana te pokanga whānau ki te mahi i tētahi pēpi kāore anō i whānau hei whakatika i ngā hē whānau, i ngā āhuatanga e mōrearea ana te ora i mua i te whānautanga. Ka puta ēnei hātepe i waenga i te 18 me te 26 wiki o te hapūtanga, i te wā e nui ana te whanaketanga o te pēpi mō te pokanga engari kei te whai wā tonu ki te whakaora i mua i te whānautanga.

E toru ngā momo pokanga whānau. Ko te huarahi iti rawa te whakauru i ngā taputapu iti mā ngā tapahi iti i tō puku me te kōpū. E hiahia ana te pokanga whānau tuwhera ki tētahi tapahi nui ake hei uru tika atu ki te pēpi. E whakamahi ana te pokanga fetoscopic i tētahi ngongo angiangi, ngawari me te kāmera hei ārahi i te hātepe.

Ko ētahi āhuatanga anake e tika ana mō te pokanga whānau. Me tino nui te āhuatanga ki te mōrearea i te ora o te pēpi, ki te pā rānei i te hauātanga nui, me te mea ka taea te whakapai ake mā te mahi i mua i te whānautanga.

He aha te take e mahia ana te pokanga whānau?

Ka mahia te pokanga whānau i te wā e tatari ana kia whānau ai te pēpi ka raru nui, i te wā rānei ka taea e te wawaotanga wawe te ārai i te kino tūturu. Ko te whāinga tonu ko te hoatu ki tō pēpi te putanga pai rawa atu mā te whakatika i ngā raruraru i te wā e tipu ana tonu ana rātou.

Ko ngā āhuatanga tino noa e hiahia ana ki te pokanga whānau ko ētahi raruraru nui engari ka taea te rongoā. Anei te mea ka ārahi i tō rōpū rongoā ki te whakaaro ki tēnei kōwhiringa:

• Spina bifida - he tuwhera i roto i te tuaiwi ka puta te pararutiki me ētahi atu raruraru
• Hernia diaphragmatic congenital - ka neke ngā okana puku ki roto i te wāhi o te uma
• Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome - te kore ōrite o te tiritiri toto i waenga i ngā māhanga rite
• Ngā hē nui o te ngākau ka mate pea ki te kore he wawaotanga wawe
• Ngā papatipu pūkahukahu, ngā pūpū rānei e aukati ana i te whanaketanga noa o te pūkahukahu
• Ngā raruraru tākihi nui e pā ana ki ngā taumata wai amniotic
• Ētahi āhuatanga roro pēnei i te hydrocephalus me te pupuhi nui

Ka tūtohu anake ngā tākuta i te pokanga fetal ki te whakapono rātou he nui ake ngā painga i ngā tūponotanga. Ka āta arotakehia ia keehi e tētahi rōpū tohunga e whakaaro ana ki te āhuatanga motuhake o tāu pēpi me tō hauora whānui.

He aha te tikanga mō te pokanga fetal?

He rerekē te tikanga pokanga fetal i runga i te āhuatanga o tāu pēpi me te momo pokanga e hiahiatia ana. Ka whakamārama tō rōpū hauora i ia taahiraa, me te whakarite kia mārama koe ki ngā mea e tūmanakohia ana i te rā o te pokanga.

I mua i te tīmatanga o te tikanga, ka whiwhi koe i te rongoā whakamātau kia pai ai koe i te wā o te pokanga. Ka whiti hoki te rongoā whakamātau i te placenta kia pai ai tāu pēpi i te wā o te tikanga. Ka aroturukihia tonutia ō tohu nui me te tere o te ngākau o tāu pēpi.

Mō ngā tikanga iti nei te wawaotanga, ka hanga e ngā tākuta pokanga ngā tapahi iti i tō puku, ka whakauru i ngā taputapu angiangi kia tae atu ki tāu pēpi. Ka whakamahi te tākuta pokanga i te arataki ultrasound kia kite tika ai i te wāhi hei mahi. Ko te tikanga, ka roa ēnei tikanga i te 1-3 haora, ā, he iti ake te wā whakaora.

Ko te pokanga fetal tuwhera e hiahia ana i tētahi tapahi nui ake i tō puku me te kōpū kia uru tika atu ki tāu pēpi. Ka whakaarahia e te tākuta pokanga te wāhi o tāu pēpi e hiahia ana ki te rongoā i te wā e noho haumaru ana te toenga o tāu pēpi i roto i te kōpū. Ka whakamahia tēnei huarahi mō ngā āhuatanga uaua ake e hiahia ana ki te uru tika.

I roto i ngā pokanga pēpi katoa, ka noho tō pēpi e hono ana ki a koe mā te taura pito. Ko te tikanga, ka whiwhi tonu tō pēpi i te hāora me ngā matūkai i a koe i te wā o te mahi. Kei roto i te rōpū tākuta ngā tohunga ki te rongoā whaea-pēpi, te pokanga tamariki, me te rongoā whakamoe.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō pokanga pēpi?

Ko te whakarite mō te pokanga pēpi e whai ana i ētahi mahi nui hei whakarite kia pai te putanga mō kōrua ko tō pēpi. Mā tō rōpū tākuta koe e ārahi i tēnei mahi, ā, ka whakautu i ngā pātai katoa kei a koe.

Ka tīmata tō whakarite i ngā wiki i mua i te rā pokanga. Ka hiahia koe ki te whakamātautau whānui kia mōhio ai koe he pai tō hauora mō te mahi, me te tiki i ngā whakaahua taipitopito o te āhua o tō pēpi. Ko te tikanga, kei roto i tēnei ngā whakamātautau toto, te aroturuki i te ngākau, me ngā ultrasound motuhake.

I mua i tō pokanga, he maha ngā mea nui me mahi e koe hei whakarite i tō tinana:

• Kati te kai me te inu i te iti rawa 8-12 hāora i mua i te pokanga
• Tangohia ngā rongoā kua tohua kia rite ki te tohutohu
• Whakaritea tētahi hei taraiwa i a koe ki te hōhipera, me te hoki mai
• Whakakīa ngā kākahu pai me ngā taonga whaiaro mō tō noho i te hōhipera
• Whaia ngā rāhui kai motuhake e tūtohu ana tō rōpū
• Kaua rawa e kai paipa, inu waipiro, me ngā rongoā whakangahau
• Tangohia ngā huaora i mua i te whānautanga e ai ki te tohutohu a tō tākuta

Ka tūtaki anō koe ki tō rōpū pokanga katoa i mua i te mahi. Ka whai wāhi koe ki te pātai pātai me te mārama ki ngā mea katoa ka tupu i te wā o te pokanga me muri iho. He maha ngā pokapū e tuku ana i te tautoko tohutohu hei āwhina i a koe ki te tukatuka i ngā āhuatanga aronganui o tēnei wheako.

Me pēhea te pānui i ngā hua o tō pokanga pēpi?

Ko te māramatanga ki ngā hua o tō pokanga pēpi e whai ana ki te titiro ki ngā hua tonu me te haere whakamua i te wā roa. Ka whakamārama tō rōpū hauora i ngā mea i tutuki i te pokanga me ngā mea e tūmanakohia ana i te wā e haere tonu ana tō hapūtanga.

I muri tonu i te pokanga, ka arotake ō tākuta mēnā i tutuki i te tikanga ngā whāinga. Mō te pokanga spina bifida, ko te tikanga tēnei he tirotiro kua tutuki pai te kati i te wāhi i te tuarā o tō pēpi. Mō ngā tikanga mō te ngākau, ko te tikanga tēnei kua pai ake te rere o te toto. Ka whakamahi tō rōpū i te ultrasound me ētahi atu whakaahua hei whakaū i ēnei hua.

Ko te angitu o te pokanga pēpi ka inea hoki e te pai o te whanaketanga o tō pēpi i muri i te tikanga. Ka aroturuki ō tākuta i te tipu o tō pēpi, te mahi o ngā okana, me te hauora whānui mā ngā arotake auau. Ko ētahi whakapainga ka kitea tonu, engari ko ētahi ka kitea i te wā e haere tonu ana te tipu o tō pēpi.

He mea nui te aroturuki i tō whakaora ake. Ka tirohia e tō rōpū hauora kei te pai te rongoa o tō tapahi, ā, kāore koe e pā ana ki ngā raruraru. Ka whakarite hoki rātou kei te haere pai tō hapūtanga, ā, kāore koe i te mōrearea nui atu mō te whānautanga wawe.

Me pēhea te whakanui i tō whakaora i muri i te pokanga pēpi?

Ko te whakaora i te pokanga pēpi e hiahia ana kia aro nui ki tō rongoa me te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o tō pēpi. Ka whakarato tō rōpū hauora i ngā aratohu motuhake, engari he mātāpono whānui hei āwhina i te whakatutuki i te hua pai rawa atu.

He mea tino nui te okiokinga i ngā wiki i muri i te pokanga pēpi. E hiahia ana tō tinana ki te wā ki te rongoa i te tikanga i te wā e tautoko tonu ana i tō pēpi e tipu ana. Ko te nuinga o ngā wāhine e hiahia ana ki te whakawhāiti i te mahi tinana mō ētahi wiki, me te karo i te hiki i tētahi mea taumaha ake i te 10 pauna.

Anei ngā mahi nui hei tautoko i te whakaora pai mō koe me tō pēpi:

• Tangohia ngā rongoā katoa i whakaritea kia rite tonu ki ngā tohutohu
• Haere ki ngā whakaritenga whai muri mō te aroturuki
• Mātakitaki mō ngā tohu o te mate, pērā i te kirika, te rerenga rereke, te piki haere rānei o te mamae
• Kai i te kai whai kiko i te pūmua me ngā huaora
• Kia waiwai mā te inu nui i te wai
• Kia nui te moe me te okioki i te wā e kī ana tō tinana
• Aukati i ngā mahi kaha kia whakaaetia rānei e tō tākuta
• Aroturukihia ngā nekehanga o tō pēpi me te pūrongo i ngā āwangawanga katoa

He mea nui te whakaora i tō ngākau pērā i tō whakaora tinana. He maha ngā wāhine e pā ana ki te whakakotahitanga o te whakawātea, te āwangawanga, me te tūmanako i muri i te pokanga fetal. He mea noa te pōuri, te māharahara rānei mō te anamata o tō pēpi. Ko te tautoko mai i te whānau, ngā hoa, me ngā kaiwhakatakoto tohutohu ka whai pānga nui.

He aha ngā āhuatanga tūpono mō ngā raruraru pokanga fetal?

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka whakanui i te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru i te wā, i muri rānei i te pokanga fetal. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei āhuatanga tūpono ka āwhina i tō rōpū hauora ki te whakatau i ngā whakataunga pai rawa atu mō tō āhuatanga motuhake, me te whakarite mō ngā wero ka puta.

He wāhi nui tō hauora whānui i te pai o tō whakahaere i te pokanga fetal. Ko ngā āhuatanga pērā i te mate huka, te toto tiketike, ngā raruraru rānei o te ngākau ka uaua ake te pokanga. He mea nui anō tō tau, i te mea ko ngā wāhine neke atu i te 35 tau, iti iho rānei i te 18 tau, ka tūpono pea ki ngā tūponotanga anō i te wā o ngā mahi pokanga.

Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te hapū ka whakanui i ngā tūponotanga ko te hapū i ngā pēpi maha, te nui rawa, te iti rawa rānei o te wai amniotic, he hītori rānei o ngā raruraru hapū. Ko te wā o te pokanga i roto i tō hapū ka pā anō ki ngā taumata tūpono, ko ngā mahi i mua i te hapū e mau ana i ngā tūponotanga rerekē i ngā mahi i muri mai.

Ko te uaua o te āhua o tō pēpi e pā ana ki ngā tūponotanga o te pokanga hoki. Ko ngā hē tino nui, ko ērā rānei e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha okana maha, te tikanga ka nui ake ngā mahi. Ko ngā pokanga o mua, ko ngā kiko rānei i roto i tō puku ka uaua ake te pokanga i te pēpi.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta i te pokanga i te pēpi?

Ahakoa ka ora ai te pēpi i te pokanga, he tūponotanga ka puta, ā, ka kōrerohia e tō rōpū hauora ki a koe i ngā kōrero taipitopito. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei tūponotanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau i tētahi whakatau mō te pokanga i te pēpi e tika ana mō tō whānau.

Ka pā ngā raruraru ki a koe, ki tō pēpi, ki te tokorua rānei. Ko ngā tūponotanga tonu e pā ana ki te pokanga tonu, i te wā e puta ana ētahi atu raruraru i te toenga o tō hapūtanga, i muri rānei i te whānautanga. E whakapau kaha ana tō rōpū pokanga ki te whakaiti i ēnei tūponotanga mā te whakamahere me te aroturuki.

Ngā raruraru ka puta mō koe, te whaea, kei roto i ētahi tūponotanga ka aroturukihia e tō rōpū hauora:

• Te whakaheke toto i te wā o te pokanga, i muri rānei
• Te mate i te wāhi tapahi, i roto rānei i te kōpū
• Te mahi whānau i mua i te wā, te whānautanga rānei i mua i te wā
• Te pakaru o ngā kiriuhi (te pakaru wawe o te wai)
• Ngā pūpū toto i ō waewae, i ō pūkahukahu rānei
• Ngā pānga ki te rongoā whakamoe
• Te hiahia mō te whānautanga mā te hāparapara
• Ngā raruraru i ngā hapūtanga i te wā anō

Ka tūpono hoki tō pēpi ki ētahi tūponotanga mai i te pokanga i te pēpi. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā huringa o te tere o te ngākau i te wā o te pokanga, te piki ake o te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru tipu, ngā raruraru rānei e pā ana ki te āhua e rongoatia ana. Heoi anō, mō te nuinga o ngā āhua e hiahia ana ki te pokanga i te pēpi, he nui ake ngā painga o te rongoā i ēnei tūponotanga.

Āhea au e kite ai i te tākuta mō te pokanga i te pēpi?

Me kōrero koe mō te pokanga whānau ki tō tākuta mēnā ka kitea e ngā whakamātautau i mua i te whānautanga he āhuatanga nui pea ka whai hua mai i te rongoā i mua i te whānautanga. Ko te nuinga o ngā wāhine e ako ana mō ngā kaitono pokanga whānau pea mā ngā ultrasound taipitopito, ētahi atu whakamātautau motuhake rānei i te wā e hapū ana.

Ko te kōrero mō te pokanga whānau te tikanga ka tīmata i te wā e kitea ana e tō tākuta whānau he āwangawanga e hiahia ana kia arotakengia e ngā tohunga rongoā whānau-whaea. Ka pātai tēnei i te wā o tō rātou 20-wiki arotake tinana, mā ngā whakamātautau rānei i mua atu mēnā kei te tūpono koe ki ētahi āhuatanga.

Mēnā kei te hapū koe i tētahi pēpi kua tāutuhia tōna āhuatanga, me rapu koe i tētahi atu whakaaro mō te pokanga whānau mēnā he āwangawanga ōna mō te mahere rongoā. Mā te whiwhi i ngā whakaaro maha mai i ngā tohunga ka āwhina koe ki te whai i te māia ake mō tō whakatau, ahakoa te haere tonu ki te pokanga, te whiriwhiri rānei ki te tatari kia whānau.

Me kōrero anō koe ki ngā tohunga mēnā kei te pātai koe i ngā tohumate pea e tohu ana i ngā raruraru i te wā e hapū ana. Ko ngā huringa nui i ngā tauira nekehanga o tō pēpi, te mamae rerekē, ngā tohu rānei o te mahi whānau i mua i te wā, e tika ana kia aro mai te rongoā tonu, ina koa mēnā kei te whakaarohia koe mō te pokanga whānau.

Ngā pātai e pātai pinepine ana mō te pokanga whānau

Q1: He haumaru te pokanga whānau mō ngā hapūtanga ā muri ake nei?

Ka pānga pea te pokanga whānau ki ngā hapūtanga ā muri ake nei, engari he maha ngā wāhine ka whai pēpi hauora i muri i te pokanga whānau. Ko te āwangawanga nui ko te tapahi i tō kōpū ka hanga i tētahi kiko maru pea ka ngoikore i tērā wāhi i ngā hapūtanga i muri mai.

Ka tūtohu pea ō tākuta i te whānautanga cesarean mō ngā hapūtanga ā muri ake nei hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pakaru o te kōpū i te wā o te mahi whānau. Me mātakitaki anō koe i ngā hapūtanga ā muri ake nei kia kitea ngā raruraru pea. Heoi anō, he maha ngā wāhine kua pokangia i te pokanga whānau i te angitu ki te hapū i ētahi atu pēpi ki te wā.

Q2: E taurangi ana te pokanga whanau ka tino noa taku pēpi?

Ka taea e te pokanga whanau te whakapai ake i nga hua mo te maha o nga mate, engari karekau e taurangi ka kore rawa to pēpi e pā ki tō rātou āhuatanga taketake. Ko te whāinga o te pokanga whanau ko te ārai i ngā raruraru tino nui me te hoatu ki tō pēpi te tūponotanga pai rawa atu mō te oranga hauora.

Hei tauira, ka taea e te pokanga whanau mō te spina bifida te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ētahi maimoatanga i muri i te whānautanga, ā, ka pai ake pea te nekeneke, engari kāore e huri katoa i te āhuatanga. Ka hiahia pea tō pēpi ki te manaaki hauora me te tautoko tonu, ahakoa he iti ake te kaha i te kore pokanga.

Q3: Kia pehea te roa o te whakaora i muri i te pokanga whanau?

He rerekē te wā whakaora i runga i te momo pokanga me tō ake tukanga whakaora. Ko te nuinga o ngā wāhine e noho ana i te hōhipera mō te 3-7 rā i muri i te pokanga whanau, ka whai muri i ngā wiki e maha o te mahi iti i te kāinga.

Me karo koe i te hiki taumaha me ngā mahi kaha mō te 4-6 wiki i muri i te pokanga. Ka mātakitaki tata ō tākuta i a koe i tēnei wā kia mōhio ai kei te ora pai koe me tō pēpi. Ko te whakaora katoa me te hoki ki ngā mahi noa te tikanga 6-8 wiki.

Q4: Ka taea te mahi pokanga whanau ki ngā māhanga, ki ngā pēpi maha rānei?

Āe, ka taea te mahi pokanga whanau ki ngā māhanga, ki ngā pēpi maha rānei, ahakoa he uaua ake i te pokanga ki te pēpi kotahi. Ko te mate whakawhiti toto māhanga-ki-māhanga tētahi o ngā take tino noa mō te pokanga whanau i ngā hapū maha.

Ko te pokanga ki ngā pēpi maha e hiahia ana ki te mātanga atu me te whakamahere tupato nā te piki o ngā tūponotanga. Ka hiahia tō rōpū hauora ki ngā tohunga mō ngā hapū maha uaua, ā, ka roa pea te whakaora. Heoi, ka taea ngā hua angitu ina mahia e ngā rōpū mātanga.

Q5: He aha te mea ka tupu ki te kore e taea e te pokanga whanau te whakatika i te āhuatanga o taku pēpi?

Ki te kore e taea e te pokanga whānau te whakatika katoa i te āhua o tō pēpi, ka mahi tō rōpū hauora ki a koe ki te whakawhanake i te mahere pai rawa atu mō te whānautanga me te manaaki i muri i te whānautanga. He maha ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki te pokanga whānau e whai hua ana mai i te tikanga ahakoa kāore i te tino rongoa.

Tērā pea ka hiahia tō pēpi ki te manaaki motuhake i muri i te whānautanga, ā, mā tō rōpū hauora e āwhina te whakarite. Ka uru pea tēnei ki te pokanga tonu i muri i te whānautanga, te whakahaere rongoā tonu, ngā rongoā tautoko rānei. He maha ngā wā ka whai hua ake ēnei rongoā i te pokanga whānau, ā, ka pai ake te matapae whānui o tō pēpi.