He aha te Hemodialysis? Te Whāinga, te Hātepe & ngā Hua

Ko te Hemodialysis he rongoā hauora e horoi ana i tō toto ina kore e taea e ō pūkahukahu te mahi tika. Whakaarohia he pūkahukahu hangahanga e tātari ana i ngā hua para, te wai nui, me ngā paitini mai i tō rerenga toto mā te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini motuhake me te tātari.

Ka whai mana tēnei rongoā whakaora-ora ina haere tonu te mate pūkahukahu tawhito ki te ngoikore o te pūkahukahu, e kīia ana ko te mate pūkahukahu wā mutunga. Ahakoa te whakaaro o te hono atu ki tētahi mīhini ka pōuri i te tuatahi, miriona ngā tāngata puta noa i te ao e ora ana i ngā oranga katoa, whai tikanga me te hemodialysis.

He aha te hemodialysis?

Ko te Hemodialysis he rongoā whakakapi pūkahukahu e mahi ana i te mahi e mahia ana e ō pūkahukahu. Ka rere tō toto mā ngā ngongo angiangi ki tētahi mīhini dialysis, kei reira ka haere mā tētahi tātari motuhake e kīia ana he dialyzer.

Kei roto i te dialyzer ngā mano o ngā muka iti e mahi ana rite tētahi tatari. I te wā e neke ana tō toto mā ēnei muka, ka haere ngā hua para me te wai tāpiri mā te membrane i te wā e noho ana ō pūtau toto mā me ngā pūmua nui i roto i tō rerenga toto.

Ka hoki te toto horoia ki tō tinana mā tētahi atu ngongo. Ko te tikanga ka roa tēnei hātepe i te 3-5 haora, ā, ka puta e toru ngā wā i te wiki i tētahi pokapū dialysis, i ētahi wā i te kāinga.

He aha te take e mahia ana te hemodialysis?

Ka whai mana te Hemodialysis ina ngaro i ō pūkahukahu te 85-90% o tā rātou mahi. I tēnei wā, kāore e taea e tō tinana te tango i ngā hua para, te wai nui, me te pupuri i te taurite tika o ngā matū i roto i tō toto.

Ki te kore tēnei rongoā, ka pū te paitini kino i roto i tō pūnaha, ka puta ngā raruraru nui. Ka tūtohu tō tākuta i te hemodialysis ina heke iho te mahi o tō pūkahukahu ki tētahi taumata e kore ai e taea e tō tinana te pupuri i te hauora pai anake.

Ko ngā āhuatanga tino noa e arahi ana ki te hiahia hemodialysis ko te mate huka, te toto tiketike, te mate whatukuhu polycystic, me ngā mate ārai-a-tinana e whakangaro ana i ngā whatukuhu i te roanga o te wā.

He aha te tikanga mō te hemodialysis?

E whai ana te tikanga hemodialysis i tētahi tukanga tūpato, taahiraa-i-taahiraa i hangaia mō tō haumaru me tō whakamarie. I mua i tō maimoatanga tuatahi, ka hiahia koe ki tētahi tikanga pokanga iti hei waihanga i te urunga uaua, e whai wāhi ai te mīhini dialysis ki tō rerenga toto.

Koinei te mea ka pā i te wā o ia wāhanga dialysis:

1. Ka hono tō rōpū dialysis i a koe ki te mīhini mā te whakamahi i tō urunga uaua
2. Ka rere te toto mai i tō tinana mā ngā ngongo ki te dialyzer
3. Ka tātari te dialyzer i ngā para, ngā paitini, me te wai nui mai i tō toto
4. Ka hoki te toto mā ki tō tinana mā ngā ngongo motuhake
5. Ka haere tonu te tukanga mō te 3-5 haora i a koe e okioki ana, e pānui ana, e mātakitaki ana rānei i te pouaka whakaata

I te wā o te maimoatanga, ka aroturuki ngā mīhini i tō pēhanga toto, te auau o te ngākau, me te auau o te tango wai. Ka noho tata tō rōpū dialysis ki te whakarite kia pai ngā mea katoa, me te whakatika i ngā tautuhinga ki te hiahiatia.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hemodialysis?

Ko te whakarite mō te hemodialysis e whai ana i te rite tinana me te ngākau. Mā tō rōpū hauora koe e ārahi i ia taahiraa, engari ko te māramatanga ki ngā mea e tūmanakohia ana ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te āwangawanga.

Tuatahi, ka hiahia koe ki te waihanga i te urunga uaua, e mahia ana i te nuinga o te wā i ngā wiki maha i mua i te tīmatanga o te dialysis. Ko tēnei pea he fistula arteriovenous, he graft, he katita rangitahi rānei e āhei ai te toto ki te rere ki roto, ki waho hoki i te mīhini dialysis.

I mua i ia wāhanga maimoatanga, he maha ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei whakarite:

• Tangohia ō rongoā i te mea kua whakaritea, ki te kore te tākuta e kī ana kē
• Kai i te kai māmā, i te paramanawa rānei i mua i te rongoā hei ārai i te iti o te huka toto
• Mau i ngā kākahu pai, ngā kākahu whānui me ngā rōpū e ngāwari ana te huri ake
• Kawea mai ngā whakangahau pēnei i ngā pukapuka, ngā papa, i te waiata rānei mō te wāhanga 3-5 haora
• Aroturukihia te nui o te wai e inu ana koe i waenga i ngā rongoā

Ka ako hoki tō rōpū dialysis i a koe mō ngā huringa kai ka āwhina i a koe kia pai ake te tū, kia whai hua hoki ngā rongoā. He āta haere, he tautoko tēnei tukanga mātauranga, e whai wā ana koe ki te whakatika.

Me pēhea te pānui i ō hua hemodialysis?

Ko te māramatanga ki ō hua dialysis ka āwhina i a koe ki te aroturuki i te pai o te mahi o te rongoā. Ka whakamārama tō rōpū hauora i ēnei tau i roto i te taipitopito, engari koinei ngā inenga matua e aroturukihia ana e rātou.

Ko te inenga tino nui ko te Kt/V, e whakaatu ana i te whai hua o te dialysis ki te tango i ngā para mai i tō toto. Ko te Kt/V o te 1.2 neke atu rānei e tohu ana i te dialysis tika, ahakoa he rerekē pea tō whāinga i runga i ō hiahia takitahi.

Ko ētahi atu inenga nui ko:

• URR (Urea Reduction Ratio): Me 65% neke atu rānei
• Te reiti tango wai: E hia te nui o te wai nui e tangohia ana i te wā o te rongoā
• Ngā huringa toto toto: Ka aroturukihia i mua, i te wā, me muri i te rongoā
• Ngā uara taiwhanga: Kei roto ko te pāhare pāporo, te pāhau, me ngā taumata hemoglobin

Ka arotake tō rōpū dialysis i ēnei hua i ngā wā katoa, ka whakatika i tō mahere rongoā i te mea e tika ana. Kaua e whakaroa ki te pātai pātai mō te tikanga o ēnei tau mō tō hauora me tō oranga.

Me pēhea te whakapai ake i tō rongoā hemodialysis?

Ko te whai hua nui mai i te hemodialysis ko te mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora me te whakatika i ētahi āhuatanga o te oranga. Ko te rongo pai ko te huringa iti ka nui te rerekētanga ki te āhua o tō tū.

Ko te whai i tō kai kua whakaritea tētahi o ngā mea tino nui ka taea e koe. Ko te tikanga tēnei he whakaiti i te konutai, te pāhare pāporo, te pāhau, me te wai i waenga i ngā maimoatanga. Mā tō kaiwhakarite kai koe e āwhina ki te hanga mahere kai e whai kiko ana, e ngahau ana hoki.

He mea nui te tango i ō rongoā i te tika tonu i te mea i whakaritea. Kei roto pea i ēnei ngā here pāhau, ngā rongoā toto tiketike, rānei ngā maimoatanga mō te anemia. He whai wāhi motuhake ia rongoā ki te pupuri i a koe kia hauora.

He mea nui te haere auau ki ngā wāhanga haumanu. Ko te ngaro i ngā maimoatanga, te whakapoto rānei i a rātou ka puta he kohinga paitini me te wai i roto i tō tinana. Ki te raru koe i te hōtaka, kōrero ki tō rōpū mō ngā otinga ka taea.

He aha ngā āhuatanga tūpono mō te hiahia ki te hemodialysis?

He maha ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga ka piki ake te tūponotanga ki te whakawhanake i te ngoikoretanga o te pūkahukahu e hiahia ana ki te hemodialysis. Ko te māramatanga ki ēnei āhuatanga tūpono ka āwhina i te kitenga wawe me te aukati i te wā e taea ana.

Ko te mate huka te take nui o te ngoikoretanga o te pūkahukahu i roto i te maha o ngā whenua. Ko ngā taumata huka toto tiketike i te roanga o te wā ka pā ki ngā oko toto iti i roto i ō pūkahukahu, ka whakaheke haere i tō rātou kaha ki te tātari i ngā para.

Ko ngā āhuatanga tūpono noa ko:

• Te mate huka (ina koa kaore i te pai te whakahaere)
• Te toto tiketike e pā ana ki ngā oko toto pūkahukahu
• Te hītori o te whānau mō te mate pūkahukahu
• Te pakeke neke atu i te 60, i te mea ka heke noa te mahi pūkahukahu
• Te mate ngākau me ngā oko toto
• Te momomo
• Te kai paipa

Ko ngā āhuatanga tūpono kāore i te noa engari he mea nui ko ngā mate autoimmune pēnei i te lupus, te mate pūkahukahu polycystic, me ētahi rongoā ka pā ki ngā pūkahukahu i te roanga o te wā. Ko ētahi tāngata ka whai hoki i ngā āhuatanga ira e pā ana ki te mahi pūkahukahu.

He aha ngā raruraru ka taea o te hemodialysis?

Ahakoa te nuinga o te wā he haumaru, he pai te manawanui o te hemodialysis, pērā i ētahi atu rongoā, ka pā ētahi pānga taha me ētahi raruraru. Ko te nuinga o ēnei ka taea te whakahaere mā te atawhai tika me te aroturuki.

Ko ngā pānga taha e tino kitea ana ka puta i te wā, i muri tata rānei i te rongoā, ā, ka pai ake i te wā e urutau ana tō tinana. Kei roto i ēnei ko te pāhohe o ngā uaua, te whanoke, te whakapairuaki, me te ngenge i te urutau o tō tinana ki ngā huringa wai me ngā matū.

Ko ngā raruraru nui ake, engari he iti noa iho te kitea, kei roto:

• Te pēhanga toto iti i te wā o te rongoā
• Te mate i te wāhi uru
• Ngā pūhui toto i roto i te uru
• Ngā manawataki ngakau koretake
• Te embolism hau (he tino onge)

Ko ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te uru ka hiahia pea ki ētahi atu tikanga hei pupuri, hei whakakapi rānei i tō uru uaua. E aroturukihia ana e tō rōpū dialysis ēnei take, ā, ka whai wāhi rātou ki te ārai i a rātou i te wā e taea ana.

Ko ngā raruraru wā-roa ka uru ki te mate wheua, te anemia, me ngā raruraru ngākau. Heoi, mā te rongoā tika me te whakahaere i te oranga, ka whakaiti te nuinga o te tangata i ēnei tūponotanga, ā, ka pupuri i te kounga o te oranga.

Āhea ahau e kite ai i te tākuta mō te hemodialysis?

Mēnā kei te hemodialysis kē koe, me whakapā atu koe ki tō rōpū hauora tonu mēnā ka pā ētahi tohu whakatūpato ki a koe. Ka tohu pea ēnei i ngā raruraru e hiahia ana kia aro tonu.

Waea atu ki tō pokapū dialysis, ki te tākuta rānei i te wā tonu mēnā ka kite koe i ngā tohu o te mate i tō wāhi uru, pērā i te whero, te mahana, te pupuhi, te rerenga wai rānei. Ko te kirika, te wiri, te kore rānei e pai ana te tū, me whai hoki kia aro tonu te rongoā.

Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga e hiahia ana kia tiaki wawe ko:

• Te poto o te manawa nui, te mamae rānei o te uma
• Te nui o te toto mai i tō wāhi uru
• Ngā tohu o ngā pūhui toto, pērā i te pupuhi i tō ringa, i tō waewae rānei
• Te whakapairuaki nui, te ruaki, te kore rānei e taea te pupuri wai
• Ngā huringa i tō wāhi uru, pērā i te ngaro o te ahua wiri

Mō te hunga kāore anō i runga i te haumanu, kōrerohia te whai wāhitanga ki tō tākuta whatukuhu mēnā kei te pā mai ngā tohu pēnei i te ngenge tonu, te pūhi, ngā huringa i roto i te mimi, te whakapairuaki rānei. Ko te whakamahere wawe mō te haumanu, ki te hiahiatia, ka pai ake ngā hua.

Ngā pātai e pā ana ki te hemodialysis

Q.1 He mamae te hemodialysis?

Kāore te hemodialysis i te mamae, ahakoa ka pōturi koe i te mamae i te wā e kuhu ana ngā ngira ki tō wāhi uru. Ko te nuinga o te tangata e whakaahua ana i tēnei he rite ki te tango toto, ki te whiwhi rānei i te IV.

I te wā o te rongoā, ka pōturi pea koe i te kōpiko uaua, ka ngenge rānei i te wā e whakatika ana tō tinana ki ngā huringa wai. Ko ēnei ngā rongoā ka pai ake i te wā e waia ana koe ki te tukanga, ā, ka pai ake tō rongoā.

Q.2 Kia pēhea te roa e ora ai te tangata i runga i te hemodialysis?

He maha ngā tāngata e ora ana mō ngā tau, ō rānei tekau tau i runga i te hemodialysis, i runga i tō rātou hauora whānui, te pakeke, me te pai o te whai i tā rātou mahere rongoā. E 20 tau, neke atu rānei te ora o ētahi tūroro i te haumanu.

E whakawhirinaki ana tō oranga ki te maha o ngā āhuatanga, tae atu ki ō āhuatanga hauora i raro, te pai o te whakahaere i tō kai me ō rongoā, me te mea he kaitono koe mō te whakawhitinga whatukuhu.

Q.3 Ka taea e au te haere i te wā e haumanu ana?

Āe, ka taea e koe te haere i te wā e haumanu ana me te whakamahere tika. He maha ngā pokapū haumanu he whatunga e taea ai e koe te whiwhi rongoā i ngā wāhi rerekē, tae atu ki ngā wāhi hararei.

Me whakarite e koe te rongoā i tō wāhi haerenga i mua i te wā, me te mahi tahi me tō rōpū haumanu kāinga. E ako ana hoki ētahi tāngata ki te mahi haumanu kāinga, e taea ai te nui ake o te ngāwari mō te haere.

Q.400 Ka taea e au te mahi i te wā e haumanu ana?

He maha ngā tāngata e haere tonu ana ki te mahi i te wā e haumanu ana, ina koa ka taea e rātou te whakarite i ngā hōtaka ngāwari. E tuku ana ētahi pokapū haumanu i ngā wāhanga ahiahi, i te ata rānei hei whakatutuki i ngā hōtaka mahi.

Kei runga i ō whakaritenga mahi tō kaha ki te mahi, me pēhea te āhua o tō tinana i te wā o ngā rongoā me muri iho, me tō hauora whānui. Ko ētahi tāngata e mahi ana i ngā mahi katoa, ā, ko ētahi pea me whakaiti i ō rātou hāora, me huri rānei i te momo mahi.

Q.5 He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te hemodialysis me te peritoneal dialysis?

Ka whakamahi te hemodialysis i tētahi mīhini hei tātari i tō toto i waho o tō tinana, ā, ka whakamahi te peritoneal dialysis i te uhi o tō puku (peritoneum) hei tātari tūturu i roto i tō tinana.

Ko te tikanga ka mahia te hemodialysis e toru ngā wā i te wiki i tētahi whare, ā, ko te peritoneal dialysis te tikanga ka mahia ia rā i te kāinga. Mā tō tākuta whatukuhu koe e āwhina ki te whakatau ko tēhea momo pea te pai ake mō tō kāhua noho me ō hiahia rongoā.