He aha te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora? Te Whāinga, te Hātepe me ngā Hua

Ko te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora he hātepe pokanga e hoatu ana e tētahi tangata hauora tētahi o ōna whatukuhu ki tētahi tangata kua kore e pai ana, kei te kore rānei e pai ana ōna whatukuhu. Ko tēnei rongoā whakaora-ora te mea pai rawa atu mō te angitu wā-roa ki te whakatairite ki ētahi atu kōwhiringa whakakapi whatukuhu.

Kāore i rite ki te tatari mō tētahi whatukuhu mai i tētahi tangata kua mate, ka taea e te takoha ora te whakawhiti i te wā e pai ana te hauora o kōrua ko tō kaiwhakawhiwhi. Ka taea e tō tinana te mahi tino pai me tētahi whatukuhu hauora anake, e āhei ai tēnei taonga whakamīharo o te ora.

He aha te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora?

Ko te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora e whai ana i te tango i tētahi whatukuhu hauora mai i tētahi tangata ora, ka whakatakoto ki tētahi tangata e kore e pai ana te whatukuhu. Ka riro i te whatukuhu i takoha te mahi o te tātari i ngā para me te wai nui mai i tō toto.

Ka taea e tēnei momo whakawhiti te puta mai i ngā mema o te whānau, ngā hoa, tae atu ki ngā tangata ke e hiahia ana ki te āwhina. Ka haere te kaiwhakawhiwhi i te arotake rongoā me te hinengaro whānui kia mōhio ai kei te hauora rātou ki te takoha i te haumaru. I tēnā wā, ka haere hoki koe i te whakamātautau whānui kia mōhio ai kua rite koe ki te whiwhi i te whatukuhu hou.

Ko te mea ataahua mō te takoha whatukuhu ko te whānau mai o te tangata me ngā whatukuhu e rua engari kotahi anake e hiahiatia ana kia ora ai te ora noa, hauora. Ka tipu te whatukuhu e toe ana kia paku nui ake ai ki te whakahaere i te mahi taapiri, ā, kāore te kaiwhakawhiwhi e pā ana ki ngā raruraru hauora wā-roa.

He aha te take e mahia ana te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora?

E tūtohu ana te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora i te wā e kore ai e taea e ō whatukuhu te tātari i ngā para me ngā paitini mai i tō toto i te whai hua. E tuku ana tēnei hātepe i te mea pai rawa atu ki te hoki ki te ora noa, kaha, kāore he here o te dialysis.

Ka tohutohu pea tō tākuta i tēnei kōwhiringa mēnā he mate tākihi tō mutunga i pā mai i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate huka, te toto tiketike, te mate tākihi polycystic, ngā mate ārai-a-tinana rānei. Ka pōturi haere ēnei āhuatanga i ō tākihi kia kore ai e mahi i raro i te 10-15% o tō rātou kaha noa.

Ko te painga nui o te koha ora ko te wā. Kāore i te tatari mō ngā marama, ngā tau rānei i runga i te rārangi whakawhiti, ka taea e koe te whakarite i te pokanga i te wā e ora tonu ana koe. E whakaatu ana te rangahau ko ngā tāngata e whiwhi tākihi koha ora ana te nuinga he pai ake ngā hua me ngā whakawhitinga roa atu i te hunga e whiwhi tākihi ana i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi kua mate.

He aha te tikanga mō te whakawhitinga tākihi koha ora?

Ko te whakawhitinga tākihi koha ora e whai ana i ngā pokanga e rua, engari e mahi ngātahi ana i te wā kotahi. Ko te pokanga a tō kaiwhakawhiwhi e arotahi ana ki te tango i tētahi tākihi hauora, i te wā e whai ana tō pokanga ki te whakanoho i taua tākihi ki tō tinana.

Mō tō kaiwhakawhiwhi, te tikanga e 2-3 haora te roa, ā, he maha ngā wā ka mahia mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga iti nei te whakaeke. Ka hanga e te tākuta he maha ngā tapahi iti i roto i te puku o te kaiwhakawhiwhi, ā, ka whakamahi i te kāmera iti hei ārahi i te tango i te tākihi. Ko tēnei huarahi ka tere ake te whakaora me te iti ake o te kiko i te pokanga tuwhera tuku iho.

E 3-4 haora te roa o tō pokanga, ā, e whai ana ki te whakanoho i te tākihi hou ki tō puku o raro, te nuinga ki te taha matau. He mea miharo, ko ō tākihi ake ka waiho i te wāhi mēnā kāore e pā ana ki ngā raruraru. Ka honoa te tākihi hou ki ngā oko toto tata me tō pūpū, ā, ka tīmata tonu te whakaputa mimi.

Ka tū ngātahi ngā pokanga e rua i te hōhipera kotahi, i ngā rūma whakahaere tata tonu. Ko tēnei mahi tahi e whakarite ana i te wā iti rawa e noho ana te tākihi i waho o te tinana, e āwhina ana i te pupuri i tōna mahi. Ka mātakitaki tatahia kōrua i te wāhi whakaora i mua i te neke ki ō rūma hōhipera.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i tētahi kaiwhakawhiwhi ora?

Ko te whakarite mō tō whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i tētahi kaiwhakawhiwhi ora e hāngai ana ki ētahi marama o ngā arotakenga hauora, ngā whakarerekētanga o te noho, me te whakarite ā-whatumanawa. Mā tēnei tukanga whānui e whakarite kia noho koe i te āhua pai rawa atu mō te pokanga me te whakaora.

Ka whakahaere tō rōpū hauora i ngā whakamātautau whānui hei arotake i tō ngākau, tō pūkahukahu, tō ate, me tō hauora whānui. Ka uru pea ēnei ki te mahi toto, ngā karapa whakaahua, ngā whakamātautau mahi ngākau, me ngā arotakenga mate pukupuku. Ka tūtaki hoki koe ki tētahi tohunga hinengaro whakawhiti hei kōrero mō ngā āhuatanga ā-whatumanawa o te whiwhi i tēnei taonga e huri ana i te ora.

Anei ngā mahi nui me mahi e koe i mua i tō whakawhitinga:

• Whakaotia ngā whakamātautau hauora me ngā whakaritenga katoa
• Whakahoutia ō werohanga, nā te mea kāore e taea te hoatu ētahi kano ārai mate i muri i te whakawhitinga
• Haere ki ngā karaehe mātauranga whakawhiti hei ako mō te tiaki i muri i te pokanga
• Whakarite tautoko i te kāinga i te wā o tō wā whakaora
• Kati te kai paipa me te whakaiti i te inu waipiro mēnā e tika ana
• Kia mau ki te kai pai me te whakakori tinana i runga i te whakaaetanga a tō rōpū
• Whakarite tō kāinga mō te whakaora me ngā taonga me ngā whakarerekētanga e tika ana

Ka haere tō kaiwhakawhiwhi i tētahi tukanga arotake rite tonu hei whakarite kia ora ana rātou ki te takoha i te haumaru. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tohutohu hinengaro hei whakarite kia tūpono noa tā rātou whakatau, ā, he pai te mōhio.

Me pēhea te pānui i ō hua whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i tētahi kaiwhakawhiwhi ora?

I muri i tō whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i tētahi kaiwhakawhiwhi ora, ka aroturuki tō rōpū hauora i ētahi tohu nui hei aromatawai i te pai o te mahi a tō whatukuhu hou. Ko te ine tino nui ko tō taumata waihanga kiratini serum, e whakaatu ana i te pai o te tātari a tō whatukuhu i ngā para mai i tō toto.

Ko ngā taumata noa o te waihanga i muri i te whakawhitinga okana, ko te tikanga kei waenga i te 1.0 ki te 1.5 mg/dL, ahakoa ka rerekē tēnei i runga i tō rahi, tau, me te nui o te uaua. Ka whakatūria e tō tākuta tō taumata tūāpapa i ngā wiki i muri i te pokanga, ā, ko ngā pikinga nui pea e tohu ana kāore i te pai te mahi o tō whatukuhu.

Ko ētahi atu whakamātautau nui ko tō hauota urea toto (BUN), e ine ana i tētahi atu hua para, me tō reiti tātari glomerular e whakatauria ana (eGFR), e whakatau ana i te nui o te toto e tātarihia ana e tō whatukuhu i ia meneti. Ka whai hoki koe i ngā whakamātautau mimi i ngā wā katoa hei tirotiro i te pūmua, i te toto rānei, e tohu ana pea i ngā raruraru.

Ka tino aroturukihia ō taumata rongoā, ina koa ko ō rongoā aukati i te pūkahukahu e ārai ana i te whakakorenga. Me pupuri ēnei rongoā i roto i ngā awhe motuhake hei tiaki i tō whatukuhu hou i te wā e whakaiti ana i ngā pānga taha.

Me pēhea te pupuri i te hauora o tō whatukuhu i whakawhitia?

Ko te pupuri i te hauora o tō whatukuhu i whakawhitia e hiahia ana he whakapau kaha i te ao katoa ki te tango rongoā, ki te haere ki ngā arotake i ngā wā katoa, me te whiriwhiri i ngā momo oranga hauora. Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o te tangata e kite ana ka noho noa ēnei tikanga i te roanga o te wā.

Ko tāu mahi tino nui ko te tango i ō rongoā aukati i te pūkahukahu i te tika tonu i te mea i whakaritea, i ia rā. E ārai ana ēnei rongoā i tō pūnaha ārai mate mai i te whakaeke i tō whatukuhu hou, engari me tango tonu kia whai hua. Kaua rawa e ngaro ngā horopeta, e mutu rānei te tango i a rātou me te kore whakaaetanga a tō tākuta.

He mea nui ngā whakaritenga aroturuki i ngā wā katoa, ina koa i te tau tuatahi i muri i te whakawhitinga okana. I te tīmatanga, ka haere pea koe ki tō rōpū whakawhitinga okana e rua i te wiki, engari ka heke haere tēnei ki te marama, ā, i muri i ētahi marama i te wā e tū ana tō whatukuhu. Kei roto i ēnei haerenga ngā whakamātautau toto, ngā whakamātautau tinana, me ngā whakatikatika rongoā.

Anei ngā mahi nui hei tiaki i tō whatukuhu i whakawhitia:

• Tangohia ngā rongoā katoa kia rite ki te tohutohu, i ngā wā kotahi i ia rā
• Haere ki ngā whakaritenga whai muri katoa
• Kia mau ki te kai hauora me ngā wāhanga tika me te iti o te konutai
• Kia kaha te mahi tinana me te whakaaetanga a tō tākuta
• Tiakina koe i ngā mate mā te akuaku pai me te karo i ngā mano i te wā e tūroro ana
• Mauhia te kirīmi rā me ngā kākahu whakamarumaru nā te piki o te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku
• Kaua e whakapā atu ki ngā tāngata e mate ana i ngā mate hopuhopu
• Ripoatahia ngā tohumate, ngā āwangawanga rānei ki tō rōpū whakawhiti tonu

Ka whakawhiwhia e tō rōpū whakawhiti ngā aratohu taipitopito mō ngā kai hei karo, me pēhea te ārai i ngā mate, me te wā hei rapu āwhina hauora. Mā te whai i ēnei tūtohutanga ka āwhina i tō pūkahukahu hou kia pai te mahi mō ngā tau maha.

He aha ngā āhuatanga tūpono mō ngā raruraru whakawhiti pūkahukahu?

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru i muri i te whakawhiti pūkahukahu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei tūponotanga ka āwhina i a koe me tō rōpū hauora ki te mahi i ngā mahi hei whakaiti i a rātou me te hopu i ngā raruraru i te wā wawe.

He mahi tō te pakeke, nā te mea ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru me te puhoi o te whakaora i ngā kaiwhiwhi pakeke. Heoi anō, ko te pakeke anake kāore e whakakore i a koe i te whakawhiti mēnā he hauora koe. Ko tō tūnga hauora whānui, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate huka, te mate ngākau, ngā pokanga o mua rānei, ka pā hoki ki tō taumata tūpono.

Ko ngā āhuatanga tūpono nui ko:

• Te mate huka, te kore rānei e pai te whakahaere i te huka toto
• Te mate ngākau, te toto tiketike rānei
• Ngā whakawhiti okana o mua, ngā pokanga maha rānei
• Te momomo, ngā raruraru taumaha nui rānei
• Te hītori o te mate pukupuku, ētahi mate rānei
• Te kai paipa, te whakamahi rānei i ngā matū
• Te tautoko pāpori rawakore, te kore rānei e whai i ngā tohutohu hauora
• Ētahi āhuatanga ira e pā ana ki te pākia rongoā

Ka arotakehia e tō rōpū whakawhitiwhiti i ēnei āhuatanga i te wā o tō aromatawai. He maha ngā āhuatanga tūpono ka taea te whakapai ake i mua i te whakawhitinga mā ngā huringa o te noho, te whakahaere rongoā pai ake, me ētahi atu rongoā.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta mai i te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora?

Ahakoa te angitu o te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora, he mea nui kia mōhio ki ngā raruraru ka puta. Ko te nuinga o ngā raruraru ka taea te whakahaere i te wā e kitea wawe ana, koinei te take he mea nui te aroturuki i ngā wā katoa.

Ko te āwangawanga nui ko te whakakorenga o te whatukuhu, e whakaeke ana tō pūnaha ārai mate i te whatukuhu i whakawhitia. Ka taea tēnei ahakoa ngā tau i muri i te whakawhitinga, koinei te take me tango koe i ngā rongoā ārai mate mō te ora. Ka taea te rongoā angitu i te whakakorenga koi mena ka kitea wawe mā ngā whakamātautau toto i ngā wā katoa.

Koinei ngā raruraru matua hei mōhio:

• Te whakakorenga whatukuhu (koi, hāereere rānei)
• Te piki ake o te tūponotanga o ngā mate na te rongoā ārai mate
• Te tūponotanga nui ake o te whanaketanga o ētahi momo mate pukupuku, ina koa te mate pukupuku kiri
• Ngā raruraru ngākau me ngā oko toto tae atu ki te pēhanga toto tiketike me te mate ngākau
• Te mate wheua me te piki ake o te tūponotanga o te whati
• Ngā pānga taha o te rongoā tae atu ki te paitini whatukuhu
• Ngā raruraru pokanga pēnei i te toto, te pūhui toto, te raruraru rānei o te whakaora patunga
• Te mate huka, te kino rānei o te mate huka e noho ana

Ko ngā raruraru kāore i te pōturi engari he nui te kino ko ngā mate nui, ētahi momo lymphoma, me ngā raruraru o ngā oko toto e hono ana ki tō whatukuhu hou. Ka aroturukihia e tō rōpū whakawhitiwhiti ngā mea katoa e taea ana mā ngā whakamātautau me ngā whakamātau i ngā wā katoa.

Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o te hunga e whiwhi ana i ngā whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora ka pai te haere i te wā roa. Mā te manaaki me te aroturuki tika, he maha ngā whatukuhu i whakawhitia e pai ana te mahi mō te 15-20 tau, neke atu rānei.

Āhea au e kite ai i te tākuta i muri i te whakawhitinga whatukuhu?

Me whakapā atu koe ki tō rōpū whakawhiti tonu mēnā ka pā ki a koe ētahi tohumate e pā ana i muri i tō whakawhitinga whatukuhu. Ko te kitenga wawe me te rongoā i ngā raruraru ka ārai i ngā raruraru nui, ā, ka tiaki i tō whatukuhu hou.

Ko te kirika tētahi o ngā tohu whakatūpato nui hei mātakitaki. Ko ngā pāmahana i runga ake i te 100.4°F (38°C) ka tohu pea he mate, he mea tino mōrearea ina tango koe i ngā rongoā whakaiti i te pūnaha ārai mate. Kaua e tatari kia kite mena ka ngaro noa iho.

Whakapā atu ki tō rōpū whakawhiti tonu mēnā ka pā ki a koe:

• Kirika i runga ake i te 100.4°F (38°C)
• Ngā tohumate rite ki te rewharewha tae atu ki te makariri, te mamae o te tinana, te ngenge rānei
• Te hekenga o te wai i te mimi, te huringa rānei o te tae o te mimi
• Te pūhihi i ō waewae, ngā rekereke, i te taha rānei o ō kanohi
• Te pikinga o te taumaha ohorere (nui atu i te 2-3 pauna i te rā)
• Te mamae, te ngawari rānei i runga i tō whatukuhu i whakawhitia
• Te whakapairuaki, te ruaki, te kore rānei e taea te pupuri i ngā rongoā
• Te poto o te manawa, te mamae rānei o te uma
• Ngā mamae nui o te upoko, ngā huringa rānei o te tirohanga
• Ētahi puku hou, ngā pūpū, ngā huringa rānei o te kiri

Me whakapā atu anō koe mēnā he pātai āu mō ō rongoā, ka ngaro ētahi horopeta, ka pā rānei ki a koe ētahi pānga taha. Kei reira tō rōpū whakawhiti hei tautoko i a koe, ā, he pai ake ki a rātou te rongo mai i a koe mō ngā āwangawanga iti i te whakatika i ngā raruraru nui ake i muri mai.

Ngā pātai e pātai pinepine ana mō te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora

Q.1 He pai ake te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora i te tūāki?

Āe, ko te whakawhitinga whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora te nuinga o te wā ka whai i ngā painga nui ake i te noho tonu i runga i te tūāki mō te wā roa. Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka whai i te kounga o te oranga pai ake, te kaha ake, me te iti ake o ngā here kai i muri i te whakawhitinga angitu.

E whakaatu ana te rangahau ko te hunga e whakawhitia ana te whatukuhu e noho roa ana i te hunga e noho ana i runga i te dialysis. Ka nui ake hoki te herekore ki te haere, ki te mahi, me te whai wāhi ki ngā mahi me te kore e herea ki te hōtaka dialysis. Heoi, e hiahia ana te whakawhitinga i ngā rongoā mō te wā katoa o te ora me te aroturuki i ngā wā katoa.

Q.2 He raru hauora rōroa rānei e pā ana ki te kaiwhakawhiwhi?

Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi whatukuhu e noho ana i ngā oranga noa, hauora i muri i te takoha me te kore he raru hauora rōroa. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau e whai ana i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi mō ngā tekau tau e rite ana te roa o te ora ki te taupori whānui.

Me whai wāhanga arotake i ngā wā katoa ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi ki te aroturuki i te mahi whatukuhu me te pēhanga toto. I te wā onge, ka piki pea te pēhanga toto, ka iti rānei te mahi whatukuhu i muri mai i te oranga, engari he mea noa ngā raruraru nui ina āta tātarihia ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi.

Q.3 Kia pehea te roa o te whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora?

Ko te tikanga, ka pai te mahi a ngā whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora mō te 15-20 tau, neke atu rānei, me te roa ake o ētahi. Kei runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i tō tau, te hauora whānui, te āhua o tō tiaki i a koe anō, me te āhua o tō whai i tō tikanga rongoā te roa o te oranga.

Ko te tikanga, ka roa ake ngā whatukuhu mai i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ora i ngā whatukuhu mai i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi kua mate nā te mea he hauora ake i te tīmatanga, me te iti ake o te wā i waho o te tinana. Mā te tango i ō rongoā i ngā wā katoa me te pupuri i ngā tikanga hauora pai ka āwhina i te whakanui i te roa o te oranga o tō whatukuhu.

Q.4 Ka taea e au te whakawhiti whatukuhu neke atu i te kotahi?

Āe, ka taea te whakawhiti whatukuhu tuarua mēnā ka rahua tō tuatahi. He maha ngā tāngata kua whiwhi i te whakawhitinga tuarua, tuatoru rānei, ahakoa he uaua ake pea ia whakawhitinga i muri mai nā te nui ake o ngā paturopi i roto i tō toto.

Ka arotakehia koe e tō rōpū whakawhiti mō tētahi atu whakawhitinga mā te whakamahi i ngā paearu rite ki te wā tuatahi. Mēnā he kaitono koe, tērā pea ka taea e koe te whiwhi i tētahi atu pūkahukahu mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato ora, te tatari rānei mō tētahi mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato kua mate.

Q.5 He aha te mea ka pā ki ō pūkahukahu taketake i muri i te whakawhitinga?

I te nuinga o ngā wā, ka waiho ō pūkahukahu taketake ki te wāhi i muri i te whakawhitinga, ki te kore rātou e pā ana ki ngā raruraru motuhake pēnei i te mate, te toto tiketike, te nui rānei o te wāhi. Ko te pūkahukahu hou e whakatakotoria ana ki tō puku o raro, motuhake i ō pūkahukahu taketake.

Ka taea e ō pūkahukahu taketake te whakaputa i te iti o te mimi ahakoa kua kore e mahi, ā, ko te waiho i a rātou ki te wāhi kāore i te nuinga o te wā e pā ana ki ngā raruraru. Heoi, ki te raru rātou, ka taea te tango i roto i te pokanga motuhake.