He aha te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu? Te Whāinga, te Hātepe & Ngā Hua

Ko te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu he hātepe pokanga e whakakapi ai ngā tākuta i tētahi, i ngā pūkahukahu tūroro rānei e rua ki ngā pūkahukahu hauora mai i tētahi kaiwhakawhiwhi. Ka noho tēnei rongoā whakaora-ora hei kōwhiringa ina tino kino rawa atu ō pūkahukahu, kāore anō ētahi atu rongoā e āwhina i a koe ki te hā pai kia ora ai koe i runga i te pai.

Whakaarohia me te mea e hoatu ana e koe ki tō tinana tētahi tīmatanga hou me ngā pūkahukahu hauora ina kore e taea e ō ake te mahi i tā rātou mahi. Ahakoa te ahua nui, kua āwhina ngā whakawhitinga pūkahukahu i ngā mano o te tangata ki te hoki ki ngā mahi e arohaina ana e rātou me te whakapau wā nui ki te whānau.

He aha te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

E whai pānga ana te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu ki te tango pokanga i tō pūkahukahu tūroro, i ō pūkahukahu rānei, me te whakakapi i a rātou ki ngā mea hauora mai i tētahi tangata kua mate, kua whiriwhiri ki te waiho hei kaiwhakawhiwhi okana. Ko ngā pūkahukahu hou e ahu mai ana i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi ko ngā pūkahukahu hauora me te hototahi ki tō tinana.

E toru ngā momo matua o ngā whakawhitinga pūkahukahu. Ka whakakapi te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu kotahi i tētahi pūkahukahu, ā, e pai ana mō ētahi āhuatanga pēnei i te pulmonary fibrosis. Ka whakakapi te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu rua i ngā pūkahukahu e rua, ā, e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mate pēnei i te cystic fibrosis. I ētahi wā, ka mahi ngā tākuta i tētahi whakawhitinga ngākau-pūkahukahu ina hiahia ngā okana e rua ki te whakakapi.

Ko te whakatau mō te momo e hiahia ana koe e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō āhuatanga motuhake me te pānga ki tō hā. Ka āta arotake tō rōpū whakawhitinga i tō āhuatanga ki te tūtohu i te huarahi pai mō tō hauora.

He aha te take e mahia ai te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

E tūtohutia ana ngā whakawhitinga pūkahukahu ina kua piki ake tō mate pūkahukahu ki te wāhi kāore e taea e koe te whiwhi hāora nui, ahakoa me ngā rongoā rongoā pai e wātea ana. Ko te tikanga ka pā tēnei ina tino kōpiko, kua tūroro rānei ō pūkahukahu, kāore e taea te whānui tika, te whakawhiti hāora whai hua rānei.

He maha ngā āhuatanga pūkahukahu nui ka taea te arahi ki te whakaaro whakawhitinga, ā, mā te māramatanga ki ēnei ka āwhina i a koe ki te kite he aha te take e tika ai tēnei rongoā:

• Te mate pukupuku aukati i te pūkahukahu (COPD), e uaua haere ana te manawa i te roanga o te wā
• Te fibrosis pūkahukahu idiopathic, ka matotoru, ka kiko te kiko pūkahukahu mō ngā take kāore i te mōhiotia
• Te fibrosis cystic, he āhua ira e puta ai te kohu matotoru ki roto i ngā pūkahukahu
• Te ngoikoretanga o te alpha-1 antitrypsin, i te wā e arahi ana te pūmua ngaro ki te kino o te pūkahukahu
• Te pēhanga toto pūkahukahu, e whakatakoto ana i te pēhanga mōrearea ki ngā oko toto i roto i ō pūkahukahu
• Sarcoidosis, he mate mumura e taea ai te kiko pūkahukahu te kiko nui

Ka tūtohu anake tō tākuta i te whakawhitinga ina kua pau i a rātou ētahi atu whiringa maimoatanga. Ko te tikanga kua whakamātau koe i ngā rongoā, te rongoā hāora, te whakahou pūkahukahu, me ētahi atu maimoatanga motuhake ki tō āhua me te kore e pai ake.

He aha te tikanga mō te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

Ko te tikanga whakawhitinga pūkahukahu te nuinga ka roa i te 4 ki te 12 haora, i runga i te mea kei te whiwhi koe i tētahi, i ngā pūkahukahu e rua rānei. Ka waiho koe e tō rōpū tākuta ki raro i te rongoā whānui, nō reira ka moe katoa koe i te wā o te mahi katoa.

Anei te mea e pā ana i te wā o te pokanga, kua wehea ki ngā mahi whakahaere:

1. Ka hanga e tō tākuta he tapahi ki tō uma kia uru atu ki ō pūkahukahu
2. Ka momotu āta e rātou tō pūkahukahu kua pakaru mai i ngā oko toto me ngā ngongo manawa
3. Ka tangohia te pūkahukahu mate, ā, ka whakatakotoria te pūkahukahu takoha ki te wāhi kotahi
4. Ka hono tō tākuta i te pūkahukahu hou ki ō oko toto me te ngongo manawa matua
5. Ka whakamātau rātou i ngā hononga kia mōhio ai te rere tika o te toto me te neke noa o te hau
6. Ka katia te tapahi ki ngā tūāwhi, ā, ka nekehia koe ki te tiaki kaha mō te aroturuki

I te wā o te pokanga, ka honoa pea koe ki tētahi mīhini ngākau-pūkahukahu e mahi ana i te mahi o tō ngākau me ō pūkahukahu i te wā e mahi ana te tākuta. Ka mau tonu tēnei i te hāora e rere ana ki tō tinana me te tango i te hauhā hauhā i te haumaru.

Kei roto i te rōpū tākuta tākuta mō te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu, te rongoā whakamoe, me te manaaki kaha. E mahi ngātahi ana rātou ki te whakarite kia pai te haere o ngā mahi katoa, ā, ka pai tō tinana ki te pūkahukahu hou.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

Ko te whakarite mō te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu e hiahia ana ki te whakarite tinana me te whakarite ngākau, ā, ka roa pea te maha o ngā marama. Ka ārahi tō rōpū whakawhitinga i a koe i ia mahi kia tino hauora koe i mua i te pokanga.

Kei roto i te whakarite ngā arotake rongoā nui:

• Ngā whakamātautau toto whānui hei tirotiro i tō hauora whānui me te mahi o ō rārangi okana
• Ngā whakamātautau ngākau pēnei i te echocardiograms hei whakarite kia taea e tō ngākau te pokanga
• Ngā karapa CT me ngā hihi-X o te pouaka hei whakatakoto i tō kino pūkahukahu
• Ngā whakamātautau mahi pūkahukahu hei ine i te pai o te mahi o ō pūkahukahu o nāianei
• Te arotake hinengaro hei aromatawai i tō rite hinengaro me te pūnaha tautoko
• Te tirotiro niho hei rongoā i ngā mate ka uaua ai te whakaora

Ka arotake hoki tō rōpū hauora i ō rongoā, ā, ka whakatika pea i a rātou i mua i te pokanga. Ka taea e ētahi rongoā te whakararu i te mahi whakawhitinga, te pāhekoheko rānei ki ngā rongoā aukati i te pūnaha ārai mate e hiahia ana koe i muri mai.

Ko te whakarite tinana e hiahia ana ki te whakahou pūkahukahu kia kaha ai ō uaua. Ahakoa kāore i te pai te mahi o ō pūkahukahu, ko te noho kaha i roto i ō rohe ka āwhina i tō tinana ki te whakarite mō te whakaora kei mua.

Me pēhea te pānui i ō hua whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

I muri i tō whakawhitinga pūkahukahu, ka aroturuki tō rōpū tākuta i ētahi tohu nui hei aromatawai i te pai o te mahi o ō pūkahukahu hou. Ka āwhina ēnei ine i ngā tākuta ki te kite wawe i ngā raruraru me te whakatika i tō rongoā e tika ana.

Ka kitea e ngā whakamātautau manawa ōnaianei he pai ake i ngā wā o mua i tō whakawhitinga. E ine ana ngā whakamātautau mahi pūkahukahu i te nui o te hau ka taea e koe te hā mai, te hā atu, ā, ko ēnei tau ka pai ake i roto i ngā wiki i muri i te pokanga whakawhiti angitu.

Ka noho ngā whakamātautau toto hei wāhanga o tō oranga i muri i te whakawhitinga, e tirotiro ana i ētahi mea nui:

• Ngā taumata hāora i roto i tō toto, me nui ake i mua i te pokanga
• Ngā taumata rongoā aukati i te pūnaha ārai mate hei ārai i te whakakorenga i te wā e karo ana i ngā pānga taha
• Ngā tohu o te mate, nā te mea ka ngoikorehia tō pūnaha ārai mate
• Te mahi o te pūkahukahu me te ate, nā te mea ka pā ētahi rongoā ki ēnei okana
• Ngā tatau toto katoa hei aroturuki i ngā pānga taha o te rongoā

Ka mahi hoki tō tākuta i ngā koiora i ngā wā katoa, ina koa i te tau tuatahi. E whai wāhi ana ēnei ki te tango tauira iti o te kiko pūkahukahu hei tirotiro mō te whakakorenga, e puta ana i te wā e ngana ana tō pūnaha ārai mate ki te whakaeke i te pūkahukahu hou.

Ka āwhina ngā hihi-X me ngā karapa CT i tō rōpū ki te kite i te ahua me te mahi o ō pūkahukahu. Ko ngā pūkahukahu mārama, kua whānui pai i ngā rangahau whakapakoko he tohu pai e pai ana te mahi o tō whakawhitinga.

Me pēhea te tiaki i tō hauora whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

Ko te tiaki i ō pūkahukahu hou e hiahia ana ki te whakapau kaha ki ngā rongoā me ngā tikanga hauora. Ko te mahi nui ko te tango i ō rongoā aukati i te pūnaha ārai mate i te tika tonu i te mea i whakaritea, ahakoa e tino hauora ana koe.

E ārai ana ēnei rongoā anti-whakakore i tō pūnaha ārai mate mai i te whakaeke i ō pūkahukahu hou. Ko te ngaro i ngā horopeta, te whakamutu rānei i a rātou ka arahi ki te whakakorenga, ka mōrearea te ora. Ka whakatika tō tākuta i ēnei rongoā i ngā wā katoa i runga i ō taumata toto me te āhua o tō tū.

Ko te tiaki i a koe i ngā mate ka noho hei kaupapa matua nā te mea kua ngoikorehia tō pūnaha ārai mate:

• Horoi pinepine i ō ringaringa, kia tino pai, i mua i te kai, i te pā rānei ki tō mata
• Aukati i te huihuinga i te wā o te makariri me te rewharewha, me mau rānei he kanohi i ngā wāhi tūmatanui
• Kia whai wāhi ki ngā kano ārai mate, engari karo i ngā kano ārai mate ora, he mea mōrearea pea
• Whakahaerehia te haumaru kai mā te karo i ngā kai mata, i ngā kai kāore i tunua rawatia rānei
• Kia mā te wāhi noho, me te karo i te pā ki te pūkohu, ki te puehu rānei

Ka āwhina te whakakori tinana i te wā katoa ki te pupuri i tō kaha me te mahi o te pūkahukahu. Ka waihanga tō rōpū whakawhiti i tētahi mahere whakakori tinana haumaru e whakanui haere ana i tō manawanui me te kore e whakapau kaha rawa i ō pūkahukahu hou.

He mea nui te whai i tō rōpū whakawhiti i te wā katoa. Mā ēnei whakaritenga ka taea e ngā tākuta te kite wawe i ngā raruraru, me te whakatika i tō manaakitanga i te mea e tika ana.

He aha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō ngā raruraru whakawhiti pūkahukahu?

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka whakanui i tō mōrearea o ngā raruraru i muri i te whakawhiti pūkahukahu. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei ka āwhina i a koe me tō rōpū hauora ki te whai i ngā whakatūpato anō hei tiaki i tō hauora.

He wāhi tō te pakeke i roto i te angitu o te whakawhiti, ahakoa ehara koinei anake te āhuatanga. Ko ngā kaiwhiwhi pakeke ake pea he mōrearea nui ake o ngā raruraru, engari he maha ngā tāngata neke atu i te 65 tau te pakeke kua angitu te whakawhiti me te manaakitanga me te aroturuki tika.

Ko tō hauora whānui i mua i te whakawhiti ka pā kaha ki tō hua. Ko ngā tāngata e maha ana ngā raruraru okana, te kore kai nui, te kaha uaua rānei ka tūpono ki ngā mōrearea nui ake i te wā me muri i te pokanga.

Ko ngā āhuatanga mōrearea motuhake e hiahia ana kia nui ake te aro ko:

• Ngā pokanga o mua ki te uma e hanga ana i te kiko kiko, e uaua ai te mahi
• Te mate huka, ka taea te whakaroa i te whakaora me te whakanui i te tūponotanga o te mate
• Te mate tākihi, i te mea ka taea e ētahi rongoā anti-rejection te kino ake i ngā tākihi
• Te osteoporosis, i te mea ka taea e ngā rongoā immunosuppressive te whakaiti i ngā wheua
• Te hītori o te mate pukupuku, ka hoki mai pea nā te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate
• Te tautoko pāpori rawakore, me hiahia koe ki te āwhina i ngā mahi o ia rā i te wā o te whakaora

Ka pā hoki tō hauora hinengaro ki te angitu o te whakawhitinga okana. Ka taea e te pōuri, te āwangawanga, te whakamahi rāpoi matū rānei te whakararu i te whai i ngā rongoā me te manaaki whaiaro, e arahi ana ki ngā raruraru.

I te kī atu i tērā, he maha ngā tāngata whai take tūpono kei te angitu tonu te whakawhitinga okana. Ka mahi tō rōpū whakawhitinga okana ki a koe kia whakaiti i ēnei tūponotanga me te whakanui i ō tūponotanga ki te hua pai.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta mai i te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

Ka puta ngā raruraru whakawhitinga pūkahukahu i muri tonu i te pokanga, ka whakawhanake rānei i ngā marama ki ngā tau i muri mai. Ahakoa he mea whakahihiri tēnei, mā te māramatanga ki ēnei mea ka āwhina koe ki te mōhio ki ngā tohu whakatūpato me te rapu rongoā wawe.

Ngā raruraru pokanga tonu ka uru ki te toto, te mate i te wāhi pokanga, ngā raruraru rānei ki ngā hononga i waenga i tō pūkahukahu hou me ō oko toto. He mea onge ēnei engari me whai whakaaro rongoā tonu ina puta mai.

Ko ngā raruraru wā-roa he mea noa ake, me whai whakahaere tonu i tō oranga katoa:

• Te whakakorenga tawhito, e ngaro haere ana te pūkahukahu hou i te pūnaha ārai mate i roto i te wā
• Te piki ake o te tūponotanga o ngā mate huaketo nā te rongoā whakaiti i te pūnaha ārai mate
• Te tūponotanga nui ake o te whanaketanga o ētahi momo mate pukupuku, ina koa te mate pukupuku kiri
• Ngā raruraru o te tākihi mai i te whakamahi wā-roa o ngā rongoā whakakorenga
• Te mate o te wheua me ngā whati nā te rongoā steroid
• Te toto tiketike me te mate huka hei pānga taha o ngā rongoā whakaiti i te pūnaha ārai mate

Ko te bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome he momo motuhake o te whakakorenga tawhito e pā ana ki ngā ara rererangi iti i roto i ō pūkahukahu. Ka taea e ia te pā ki te uaua haere o te manawa, ā, me huri pea ō rongoā, me ētahi atu rongoā.

Ko te tūponotanga o te whanaketanga o te lymphoma, he momo mate pukupuku toto, he nui ake i roto i ngā tāngata i whakawhitia. Ka pā tēnei nā te mea ko ngā rongoā e ārai ana i te whakakorenga ka uaua ake hoki ki tō tinana te whawhai i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku.

Ahakoa ēnei tūponotanga, he maha ngā tāngata e ora ana i ngā oranga katoa, e kaha ana mō ngā tau maha i muri i te whakawhitinga. Ko te aroturuki i ngā wā katoa me te rongoā tere o ngā raruraru ka āwhina i te whakaiti i tō rātou pānga ki tō oranga o ia rā.

Āhea au e kite ai i te tākuta i muri i te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

Me whakapā atu koe ki tō rōpū whakawhitinga ina kite koe i ngā tohu e tohu ana i te whakakorenga, i te mate rānei. Ka taea e ēnei tohu te whanake tere, ā, me arotake me te rongoā wawe.

Waea atu ki tō tākuta i te wā tonu ki te kite koe i ngā huringa manawa, pēnei i te piki ake o te poto o te manawa, te heke o te kaha ki te whakakorikori tinana, te hiahia rānei ki te hāora nui atu i te tikanga. Ko ēnei pea ngā tohu wawe o te whakakorenga, o te mate rānei.

Ko ētahi atu tohu whakatūpato e hiahia ana ki te āwhina hauora tonu ko:

• Te kirika i runga ake i te 100.4°F (38°C), tera pea e tohu ana i te mate
• Te mare hou, te mare ranei e kino haere ana, ina koa kei te mare koe i te toto, i te hūpē tae ranei
• Te mamae o te uma, te pūhi ranei, kare e pai ake i te okiokinga
• Te pupuhi i ō waewae, pōkae waewae, puku ranei
• Te pikinga taumaha nui i roto i ngā rā torutoru
• Te tino ngenge, te ngoikore ranei e pā ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā

Ko ngā huringa i tō āhua hinengaro, pēnei i te rangirua, ngā huringa nui o te ngākau, te uaua rānei ki te arotahi, ka tohu hoki i ngā raruraru nui, me te whai wāhi ki te arotake tonu.

Kaua e tatari kia kite mena ka pai ake ngā tohumate i a rātou anō. Ko te rongoā wawe i ngā raruraru ka pai ake ngā hua, ā, ka ārai i ngā raruraru iti kia kaua e tūpono.

Ngā pātai e pā ana ki te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu

Q.1 He pai te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu mō te COPD?

Āe, he rongoā pai te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu mō te COPD nui, ina kore e whai hua ētahi atu rongoā. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e mate ana i te COPD i te wā whakamutunga ka kite i ngā whakapainga nui i te manawa me te kounga o te oranga i muri i te whakawhitinga.

Ko te mea nui ko te wā - ka pai te whakawhitinga ina nui te COPD ki te aukati i ō mahi o ia rā engari i mua i te ngoikore rawa koe mō te pokanga. Ka arotake tō tākuta i tō mahi pūkahukahu, te kaha ki te whakakorikori tinana, me te hauora whānui ki te whakatau mena he kaitono pai koe.

Q.2 Ko te whakakorenga te tikanga o te rahunga whakawhitinga?

Kāo, kāore te whakakorenga i te tikanga kua rahua tō whakawhitinga. Ko te whakakorenga nui, e puta ohorere ana, ka taea te rongoā pai ki ngā rongoā e aukati ana i tō pūnaha ārai mate.

He uaua ake te rongoā i te whakakorenga tawhito engari kāore i te tikanga o te rahunga whakawhitinga tonu. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e noho ana mō ngā tau me te whakakorenga tawhito mā te whakatika i ā rātou rongoā me te aroturuki i tō rātou mahi pūkahukahu.

Q.3 Kia pēhea te roa o te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

E pā ana te roa o te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu ki te 5 ki te 7 tau, ahakoa he tokomaha ngā tāngata e roa ake ana te ora me ō rātou pūkahukahu hou. Ko ētahi e pai ana te mahi mō te 10, 15, tae atu rānei ki te 20 tau i muri i te whakawhitinga.

He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te roa o tō whakawhitinga, tae atu ki tō tau, te hauora whānui, te pai o tō whai i te rongoā, me te whanaketanga o ngā raruraru pēnei i te whakakorenga tawhito.

Q.4 Ka taea e koe te whakawhiti i te pūkahukahu tuarua?

Āe, ka taea te whakawhiti i te pūkahukahu tuarua mēnā ka rahua tō whakawhitinga tuatahi nā te whakakorenga tawhito, ētahi atu raruraru rānei. Heoi anō, he uaua ake te whakawhitinga anō, ā, he nui ake ngā tūponotanga i te whakawhitinga tuatahi.

Ka āta arotake tō rōpū whakawhitinga mēnā he pai tō hauora mō te pokanga tuarua, me te mōhiotanga ka whai hua koe i tēnei. Ka whakawhirinaki te whakatau ki tō hauora whānui, tō tau, me te take i rahua ai tō whakawhitinga tuatahi.

Q.5 He aha ngā mahi ka taea e au i muri i te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu?

Ka taea e te nuinga o ngā tāngata te hoki ki te maha o ā rātou mahi tino pai i muri i te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu, engari me karo koe i ētahi wāhi tūpono nui. He pai te kauhoe, te hīkoi, te eke paihikara, me te whakangungu taumaha māmā.

Me karo koe i ngā hākinakina whakapā ka whara i tō uma, me āta titiro ki ngā mahi ka tūpono koe ki te tini o te tangata, ki ngā mate urutā rānei. Ka hoatu e tō rōpū whakawhitinga ngā aratohu motuhake i runga i tō whakaora me ō hiahia.