He aha te whakamātautau Wā Prothrombin? Te Whāinga, Ngā Taumata, Te Tikanga & Ngā Hua

He whakamātautau te wā prothrombin e ine ana i te roa o te wā ka pōkae tō toto. Mā tēnei whakamātautau toto māmā e āwhina ngā tākuta ki te mārama mēnā kei te pai te pūnaha pōkae toto o tō tinana, ā, e aroturuki ana i te whai huatanga o ngā rongoā whakaheke toto.

Whakaarohia te pōkae toto me te kanikani i whakaritea. Ka tapahia koe, me hanga e tō tinana he pōkae i te wā tika hei aukati i te whakaheke toto, engari kaua e tere rawa kia kore ai e hanga pōkae mōrearea i roto i ō uaua toto. Ka hoatu e te whakamātautau wā prothrombin ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora he tirohanga ki tēnei taurite.

He aha te whakamātautau wā prothrombin?

Ko te wā prothrombin (PT) he whakamātautau toto e ine ana i te tere o te hanga pōkae o tō toto. E titiro ana ki ngā pūmua i roto i tō toto e kīia ana ko ngā āhuatanga pōkae, e mahi ngātahi ana ki te aukati i te whakaheke toto ina whara koe.

E arotahi ana te whakamātautau ki tētahi pūmua e kīia ana ko te prothrombin, e hangaia ana e tō ate. Ka whakaheke toto koe, ka huri te prothrombin ki te thrombin, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te hanga i ngā miro fibrin e hanga ana i te pōkae toto. Mēnā ka roa rawa tēnei tukanga, ka tere rawa rānei, ka tohu pea i ngā raruraru hauora.

He maha ngā wā ka pūrongotia ngā hua hei INR (International Normalized Ratio), e whakataurite ana i ngā hua puta noa i ngā taiwhanga rerekē. Mā tēnei e māmā ai te whakataurite a tō tākuta i ngā hua i te roanga o te wā, me te whakatika i ngā rongoā ki te hiahiatia.

He aha te take e mahia ana te whakamātautau wā prothrombin?

Ka tono tō tākuta i tēnei whakamātautau hei aroturuki i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto pēnei i te warfarin, hei tirotiro rānei i ngā raruraru whakaheke toto. Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi tino noa ki te whakarite kia pai te mahi o tō pūnaha pōkae toto.

Mēnā kei te tango koe i ngā rongoā anticoagulant, ka āwhina te whakamātautau PT auau i tō tākuta ki te kimi i te horopeta tika. Kāore pea te iti rawa o te rongoā e aukati i ngā pōkae mōrearea, engari ka nui rawa pea ka nui te whakaheke toto. Ka āwhina te whakamātautau ki te whakatutuki i tērā taurite nui.

Ka āwhina hoki te whakamātautau ki te tātai i ngā raruraru ate, nā te mea ka whakaputa tō ate i te nuinga o ngā mea e whai pānga ana ki te whakaheke toto. Ki te heke te mahi a te ate, ka kitea i te wā roa e whakaheke ana te toto. I tua atu, ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta ki te tirotiro mō te ngoikoretanga o te huaora K, e pā ana ki ētahi mea e whai pānga ana ki te whakaheke toto.

I mua i ētahi pokanga, ka tono pea tō rōpū hauora i tēnei whakamātautau kia mōhio kei te kore koe e nui rawa te whakaheke toto i te wā o te mahi. He whai hua hoki mō te tirotiro i ngā pānga o te maru, o te whakaheke toto rānei kāore i whakamāramahia.

He aha te tikanga mō te whakamātautau wā prothrombin?

He tango toto tika te whakamātautau wā prothrombin e toru meneti noa iho. Ka kohia e tētahi tohunga hauora tētahi tauira toto iti mai i te uaua i tō ringa mā te whakamahi i tētahi ngira angiangi.

Tuatahi, ka horoia e rātou te wāhi ki te rongoā patu huakita, ā, ka here pea i tētahi rīpene ki tō ringa o runga kia kitea ngā uaua. Ka rongo koe i tētahi ngau tere i te wā e kuhu ana te ngira, he rite ki te wero iti. Ko te kohinga toto tonu e iti iho i te meneti.

Ka uru te tauira toto ki tētahi ngongo motuhake kei roto te konutai citrate, e ārai ana i te toto kia kaua e whakaheke tonu. He mea nui tēnei rongoā whakamāori nā te mea me whakahaere e te taiwhanga te wā tika e tīmata ai te mahi whakaheke toto i te wā o te whakamātautau.

I te taiwhanga, ka tāpirihia e ngā tohunga hangarau te konupūmā me te mea kiko ki tō tauira toto, e tīmata ana i te mahi whakaheke toto. Ka ine rātou i te roa o te wā e hanga ai te toto. Ko tēnei wā, me ngā tauira whakahaere, ka hoatu tō hua PT.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakamātautau wā prothrombin?

Kāore te nuinga o te tangata e hiahia ana ki te whakarite motuhake mō te whakamātautau wā prothrombin. Ka taea e koe te kai noa me te haere tonu i ō mahi i mua i te whakamātautau, ki te kore tō tākuta e hoatu ki a koe ētahi tohutohu motuhake.

Heoi anō, he mea nui kia kōrero atu ki tō tākuta mō ngā rongoā katoa e inu ana koe. He maha ngā rongoā ka pā ki te wā e piri ai te toto, tae atu ki te aspirini, te paturopi, me ngā tāpiringa otaota. Kaua e mutu te inu i ngā rongoā kua whakaritea me te kore whakaaetanga a tō tākuta, engari me mōhio rātou ki ngā mea katoa e whakamahia ana e koe.

Mēnā kei te inu koe i te warfarin, i ētahi atu rongoā whakaheke toto rānei, ka hoatu e tō tākuta he tohutohu mō te wā. Ā, tērā pea ka hiahia rātou kia inu koe i tō rongoā i te wā kotahi i ia rā, me te tango toto i ngā wā rite tonu kia tika ai te aroturuki.

Ka pā ano te waipiro ki ngā mea e piri ai te toto, nō reira me kōrero mai mēnā i inu koe i tētahi mea i tēnei wā. E kitea ana e ētahi tāngata he pai ki te noho wai nui i mua i te tango toto, nā te mea ka māmā ake, ka pai ake te mahi.

Me pēhea te pānui i tō whakamātautau wā prothrombin?

Ko ngā hua o te wā prothrombin e pūrongotia ana i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te hēkona, ko ngā uara noa e pā ana ki te 11 ki te 13 hēkona. Heoi anō, ko te INR (International Normalized Ratio) te mea e whai hua ana mō te whakamāori i ngā hua, ko ngā uara noa kei waenga i te 0.8 me te 1.2.

Mēnā kei te inu koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, ka teitei ake tō INR whāinga i te mea noa. Mō te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki te anticoagulation, e whāia ana e ngā tākuta he INR kei waenga i te 2.0 me te 3.0. E hiahia ana ētahi tūāpapa ngākau miihini ki ngā whāinga teitei ake, i ētahi wā kei waenga i te 2.5 me te 3.5.

Ko te PT roa, ko te INR rānei e piki ana, te tikanga he roa ake te wā e piri ai tō toto i te mea noa. Tērā pea e tohu ana kei te inu koe i te nui rawa o te rongoā whakaheke toto, he raruraru ate tō, he ngoikore rānei koe i te huaora K. Ka whakaarohia e tō tākuta ō tohumate me tō hītori hauora hei whakatau i te take.

Ko te PT poto iho i te mea noa, ko te INR rānei e iti ana, e whakaatu ana kei te piri tere ake tō toto i te mea noa. Tērā pea e tohu ana he iti rawa te horopeta o tō rongoā whakaheke toto, tērā pea he āhuatanga tō e whakanui ana i te tūponotanga o te piri. Ka whakatikatikahia e tō tākuta te maimoatanga kia rite.

Me pēhea te whakatika i ō taumata wā prothrombin?

Ko te whakatika i ngā taumata wā prothrombin koretake e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te take o te raruraru. Mēnā kei te tango koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, ka whakatika tō tākuta i te horopeta o tō rongoā i runga i ō hua me ō tohumate.

Mō ngā taumata PT/INR kua piki ake, ka whakaiti pea tō tākuta i tō horopeta warfarin, ka tūtohu rānei kia kai koe i ngā kai whai huaora K pērā i ngā rau kākāriki. I ngā wā ohorere me te nui o te toto, ka hāpai pea rātou i a koe ki te werohanga huaora K, ki te plasma hou rānei hei whakatika tere i ngā pānga.

Mēnā he poto rawa tō PT i te wā e tango ana koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, ka whakanui pea tō tākuta i tō horopeta rongoā. Ka arotake hoki rātou i ētahi atu rongoā me ngā tāpiringa e tango ana koe, nā te mea ka raru ētahi i te whai huatanga o ngā rongoā whakaheke toto.

Inā he mate ate te take o ngā wā kōpū koretake, ka arotahi te maimoatanga ki te tautoko i te mahi ate me te whakahaere i te āhuatanga kei raro. Ka uru pea tēnei ki ngā rongoā, ngā huringa kai, i ngā wā tino nui rānei, te whakawhitinga ate.

Ko te ngoikoretanga o te huaora K e hiahia ana ki ngā huringa kai, ki ngā tāpiringa rānei. Ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta kia kai koe i ētahi atu huawhenua kākāriki, kia tango i ngā tāpiringa huaora K, kia whakatika rānei i ngā āhuatanga kei raro e aukati ana i te ngongo tika o te huaora.

He aha te taumata wā prothrombin pai rawa atu?

Ko te taumata wā prothrombin pai rawa atu e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō āhuatanga hauora takitahi me te tango rānei koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto. Mō te hunga kāore i te tango i ngā anticoagulants, ko ngā uara PT noa o te 11-13 hēkona, ko te INR rānei o te 0.8-1.2 te mea pai.

Mēnā kei te tango koe i te warfarin mō te atrial fibrillation, mō ngā pūhui toto rānei, ka whai te tākuta i te INR i waenga i te 2.0 me te 3.0. E whakarato ana tēnei awhe i te whakamarumaru pai ki ngā pūhui mōrearea i te wā e whakaiti ana i te tūponotanga o te toto. Ka rerekē pea tō whāinga motuhake i runga i tō hītori hauora me ngā āhuatanga mōrearea.

Ko te hunga e whai ana i ngā tūāpapa ngākau mīhini, he nui ake te whāinga INR e hiahiatia ana, i waenga i te 2.5 me te 3.5. Ko ēnei tūāpapa hanga he nui ake te tūponotanga o te pūhi, nō reira me kaha ake te rongoā anti-coagulation. Mā tō tākuta ngākau e whakatau tō whāinga motuhake i runga i te momo me te wāhi o tō tūāpapa.

Ko ētahi āhuatanga onge pea e hiahia ana i ngā whāinga rerekē. Ka mahi tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki a koe kia kitea te taumata e taurite ana te aukati i te pūhi me te tūponotanga o te toto i tō āhuatanga motuhake.

He aha ngā āhuatanga tūpono mō te wā prothrombin kōaro?

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki tō wā prothrombin, ka tūpono koe ki ngā hua kōaro. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei ka āwhina i a koe me tō tākuta ki te aroturuki i tō mahi pūhi i te huarahi whai hua.

Koinei ngā āhuatanga matua ka pā ki ō hua PT:

• Ngā rongoā: Ko ngā rongoā whakaheke toto pēnei i te warfarin, te aspirin, te paturopi, me te maha atu o ngā rongoā ka pā ki ngā wā pūhi
• Te mate ate: Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te hepatitis, te cirrhosis, te mate pukupuku ate rānei ka whakaiti i te hanga o te āhuatanga pūhi
• Te ngoikore o te huaora K: Ko te kai rawakore, te korenga o te ngongo, ētahi rongoā rānei ka pau tēnei huaora nui
• Ngā āhuatanga ira: Ko ētahi tāngata ka riro i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te hanga o te āhuatanga pūhi
• Tau: Ko ngā pakeke ake pea he puhoi ake ngā wā pūhi nā te iti o te mahi ate
• Te whakamahi waipiro: Ko te inu nui ka pā ki te mahi ate me te pā ki ngā āhuatanga pūhi
• Ētahi kai: Ko te nui o ngā kai whai huaora K ka pā ki ngā hua mēnā kei runga koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto

Ko ētahi āhuatanga onge pēnei i te disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) rānei, te ngoikoretanga āhuatanga rānei ka pā ki ngā hua kōaro. Ka whakaaro tō tākuta ki ēnei āhuatanga katoa i te wā e whakamārama ana i ō hua whakamātautau.

He pai ake te whai wā prothrombin tiketike, iti rānei?

Kāore te wā prothrombin tiketike, te wā prothrombin iti rānei e pai ake ana – ko te whāinga kia whai i te taumata tika mō tō āhuatanga hauora. E whakawhirinaki ana tō PT pai ki ō āhuatanga hauora me te mea kei te hiahia koe i te rongoā whakaheke toto.

Mēnā kāore koe e tango rongoā whakaheke toto, e tohu ana ngā uara PT noa kei te pai te mahi o tō pūnaha whakaheke toto. Ko te PT tiketike rawa pea e tohu ana i ngā raruraru whakaheke toto, i te wā e tohu ana te PT iti rawa i te pōrearea whakaheke toto.

Mō ngā tāngata e tango ana i te rongoā anticoagulant, he mea e hiahiatia ana te PT paku tiketike (kei roto i tō awhe whāinga). Mā tēnei whakaroa whakahaere o te wā whakaheke toto e ārai i ngā toto toto mōrearea i te wā e whakaae tonu ana te whakaora noa i ngā wharanga iti.

Ko te mea nui ko te kimi i te taurite tika mōu. Ka mahi tō tākuta ki a koe kia tutuki ngā taumata PT e whakarato ana i te whakamarumaru pai rawa atu ki ngā toto toto, ki te whakaheke toto rānei, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ō āhuatanga tūpono takitahi me te hītori hauora.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta mai i te wā prothrombin iti?

Ko te wā prothrombin iti e tohu ana ka tere ake te whakaheke toto i te tikanga, e taea ana te whakanui i tō tūponotanga ki te whakawhanake i ngā toto toto mōrearea. He mea whakahirahira tēnei mēnā he āhuatanga ōu e whakanui ana i tō tūponotanga whakaheke toto.

Ko ngā raruraru tino nui ko te thrombosis uaua hōhonu (DVT), e hanga ana ngā toto toto i roto i ngā uaua waewae, me te pulmonary embolism, e haere ana ngā toto toto ki ō pūkahukahu. E mōrearea ana ēnei āhuatanga ki te ora mēnā kāore i te rongoā wawe. Ka pāngia pea e koe te mamae waewae, te pōhū, te mamae uma, te uaua rānei ki te hā.

Ka piki hoki te tūponotanga whiu ki ngā taumata PT iti, ina koa mēnā he atrial fibrillation ōu, he āhuatanga ngākau rānei. Ka taea e ngā toto toto te hanga i roto i te ngākau me te haere ki te roro, e pā ana ki ngā tohu whiu pēnei i te ngoikore ohorere, ngā raruraru kōrero, ngā huringa tirohanga rānei.

Mēnā kei te tango koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, ā, he iti ngā uara PT, e tohu ana kāore e whai hua ana tō rongoā. Ka tūpono koe ki ngā āhuatanga e whāia ana e te rongoā kia ārai. Me whakatika tō tākuta i tō mahere maimoatanga kia pai ake ai te whakamarumaru.

Ko ētahi tāngata he iti tonu te PT, tērā pea he āhuatanga kei raro e whakanui ana i te tūponotanga o te pūhi. Tērā pea me tātari anō tō kaiwhakarato hauora kia kitea, kia rongoatia tika ai ēnei āhuatanga.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta mai i te wā prothrombin tiketike?

Ko te wā prothrombin tiketike te tikanga he roa ake te wā e pūhi ai tō toto, e whakanui ana i tō tūponotanga ki ngā raruraru toto. Ahakoa tērā pea he iti ake te kino i ngā raruraru pūhi, ka mōrearea hoki te toto, ā, ka mate pea.

Ko ngā tohumate toto iti ko te ngāwari ki te pā, te ihu e kore e mutu te toto, te toto rānei o ngā kapua i te parai i ngā niho. Tērā pea ka kite koe he roa ake te wā e mutu ai te toto o ngā tapahi iti i te tikanga. Ko ēnei tohumate, ahakoa he āwangawanga, he mea whakahaere noa iho mā te manaaki hauora tika.

Ko ngā raruraru toto nui ake ko te toto o roto i tō puku, i ngā whekau, i te roro rānei. Ko ngā tohu whakatūpato ko ngā tūtae pango, toto rānei, te ruaki toto, te mamae nui o te upoko, te ngoikore ohorere rānei. E hiahia ana ēnei āhuatanga kia tere te manaaki hauora, ā, ka mate pea.

Mēnā kei te tango koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, ā, he tino tiketike ngā uara PT, ahakoa ngā wharanga iti ka puta he toto nui. Ko ngā mahi noa pēnei i te heu, i te mahi kari rānei ka puta he tapahi e uaua ana ki te whakahaere. Me whakatika tō tākuta i tō rongoā kia whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te toto.

I ngā wā onge, ka puta te toto ohorere i ngā taumata PT tino tiketike, kāore he wharanga. Tērā pea ka puta mai he pā kore mārama, he toto tahi, he toto rānei ki roto i ngā uaua. E hiahia ana ēnei raruraru nui kia tere te rongoā hauora.

Āhea au e kite ai i te tākuta mō ngā āwangawanga wā prothrombin?

Me whakapā atu koe ki tō tākuta i te wā tonu mēnā ka pā mai te toto rere kē i a koe i te wā e tango ana koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, mēnā rānei he hua PT rerekē ōna. Kaua e tatari kia tae ki tō pōhiri e whakaritea ana mō te wā e pā mai ana ngā tohumate.

Rapua he āwhina hauora ohorere mēnā he tohu tō te toto rere nui, tae atu ki te ruaki toto, te tūtae pango, te mamae nui o te upoko, te toto rānei e kore e mutu. Ko ēnei tohumate pea e tohu ana i te toto rere o roto e mōrearea ana ki te ora, e hiahia ana kia rongoā tonu.

Waea atu ki tō tākuta mēnā ka kite koe i te pōkae nui ake, te ihu e rere ana i ngā wā katoa, ngā tapahi rānei e roa ake ana te wā ki te mutu te rere o te toto i te tikanga. Ahakoa he mea iti noa iho pea ēnei, ka tohu pea ēnei i te horopeta o tō rongoā whakaheke toto e nui rawa ana, e hiahia ana kia whakatikahia.

Mēnā kei te pā mai ngā tohumate o te pūpū toto ki a koe pērā i te mamae me te pūhi o te waewae, te mamae o te uma, te uaua rānei ki te manawa, me rapu tonu he āwhina hauora. Ko ēnei pea ngā tohu e kore e tika ana tō rongoā whakaheke toto, ā, kei te hanga ngā pūpū toto mōrearea.

He mea nui ngā pōhiri aroturuki i ngā wā katoa mēnā kei te tango koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto. Kaua e peke i ēnei haerenga, nā te mea ka āwhina ēnei i tō tākuta ki te pupuri i tō PT i roto i te awhe haumaru, whai hua, me te ārai i ngā raruraru i mua i te pūngia.

Ngā pātai e pātai pinepine ana mō te whakamātautau wā prothrombin

Q.1 He pai te whakamātautau wā prothrombin mō te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga o te ngākau?

Āe, he pai rawa te whakamātautau wā prothrombin mō te aroturuki i ētahi āhuatanga o te ngākau, ina koa kei te tango koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto pērā i te warfarin. Mēnā he atrial fibrillation tō, he raruraru rānei tō ngā uaua ngākau, kua pā rānei i a koe ngā pūpū toto, ka āwhina te whakamātautau PT i ngā wā katoa ki te whakarite kia whai hua ana tō rongoā.

He mea nui te whakamātautau mō ngā tāngata whai ngā uaua ngākau miihini, e hiahia ana ki te rongoā whakaheke toto kaha ake hei ārai i te hanga o ngā pūpū toto i runga i te uaua hanga. Ka whakamahi tō tākuta ngākau i ngā hua PT ki te whakatika i tō horopeta rongoā me te pupuri i a koe i roto i te awhe haumaru.

Q.2 Ka pā mai ngā pūpū toto i te wā prothrombin iti?

Kāore te wā prothrombin iti e pā tika ana ki te hanga i ngā pūtau toto, engari e tohu ana kei te tere ake te pūtau o tō toto i te tikanga, e whakanui ana i te tūponotanga o te pūtau. Whakaarohia he tohu whakatūpato, kaua he take tika.

Mēnā kei te tango koe i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, ā, he uara PT iti ōna, e tohu ana kāore te rongoā e whakarato ana i te whakamarumaru tika ki ngā pūtau. Me whakatika tō tākuta i tō rongoā hei whakaiti i tēnei tūponotanga, me te ārai i te hanganga o ngā pūtau kino.

Q.3 Ka taea e au te kai noa i te wā e whakamātautau ana i te PT?

Ka taea e koe te kai noa i mua i te nuinga o ngā whakamātautau PT, engari mēnā kei te tango koe i te warfarin, ngana ki te pupuri i tō kai huaora K kia rite tonu. Ko ngā kai pēnei i te pūmua, te kāreti, me te broccoli he nui te huaora K, ka pā ki ngā hua o tō whakamātautau.

Kāore koe e hiahia ki te karo i ēnei kai hauora katoa, engari ko te kai i ngā rahinga nui i te wā e kore e rite ana ka taea te huri i ō taumata PT ki runga, ki raro. Ka taea e tō tākuta te āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahere i tētahi kai taurite e mahi ana me tō rongoā.

Q.4 Kia pēhea te auau o te whakamātautau PT?

E whakawhirinaki ana te auau o te whakamātautau ki tō āhuatanga me te pēhea te pūmau o ō hua. I te tīmatanga o te tango i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, ka hiahia pea koe ki ngā whakamātautau i ia rā torutoru kia pūmau ai ō taumata. Kia pūmau, he nui te whakamātautau ia marama.

Mēnā kei te whakatika koe i te horopeta, te mate, te huringa rānei i ētahi atu rongoā, ka hiahia pea tō tākuta ki te whakamātautau auau ake. Ko ētahi tāngata he tino pūmau ngā hua ka taea te toro atu ki te whakamātautau ia 6-8 wiki, engari he rerekē tēnei i te tangata.

Q.5 He pānga taha ō te whakamātautau PT tonu?

He tino haumaru te whakamātautau PT me te iti o ngā pānga taha. Ka whai pea koe i te pānga kikorangi iti, i te mamae rānei i te wāhi o te ngira, e whakaoti ana i roto i te rā, e rua rānei. E ētahi tāngata e pōuri ana i te wā poto, engari he mea noa tēnei.

Ko ngā painga o te aroturuki i tō mahi pūtau e nui atu ana i ēnei raruraru iti, rangitahi. E whakarato ana te whakamātautau i ngā mōhiohio nui e āwhina ana i a koe kia noho haumaru i te wā e tango ana i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto.