Jyana umwana wawe mu bikoresho byihutirwa by’abana kubera indwara itihutirwa gutera ubuzima cyangwa imvune ntoya igihe ahetenze uko bisanzwe, anywa kandi afite ubwenge. Jya mu bitaro byihutirwa kubera ibicurane byose byo ku rugero rwa 100.4°F cyangwa hejuru ku mwana uri munsi y’amezi 2, kugorwa no guhumeka, kuribwa bidahagaze, kwizenguruka, kuvunika bikomeye hamwe no kuruka, cyangwa urujijo rw’akarengane.

TL;DR: Ibintu by’ingenzi tugomba kwibuka

  • Igihe ni cyo cyemeza mbere. Icuru ryose ryo ku rugero rwa 100.4°F (38°C) cyangwa hejuru ku mwana uri munsi y’amezi 2 ni urugendo mu bitaro byihutirwa, ntabwo ari urugendo mu bikoresho byihutirwa.
  • Uburemere ni cyo cyemeza cya kabiri. Kugorwa no guhumeka, kwizenguruka, kuribwa bidahagaze, kuvunika bikomeye hamwe no kuruka cyangwa urujijo, cyangwa kwiyongera ku maso n’urwigi bivuze ibitaro byihutirwa cyangwa 911.
  • Koresha iriya isaha imwe. Kwiyongera kw’ikinyuranyo mu gihe kitageze ku isaha bifata inzira y’ibitaro byihutirwa. Iminsi umunani cyangwa ibiri y’ikinyuranyo gikomeza gukura ku mwana ukibona imwe ndetse n’ibyo kunywa bifata inzira y’ibikoresho byihutirwa.
  • Hamo ugashyiraho nimero y’umuganga wawe w’abana mu bihe bitari ku masaha y’akazi, keretse habaye ikibazo gikomeye cyane.
  • Hamo ugashyiraho nimero y’ikigo. Impinga nyinshi zihutirwa zishiraho igipimo cy’umwana muto, akenshi hagati y’amezi 6 n’umwaka.

Ibikoresho byihutirwa by’abana ni ubushobozi, ntabwo ari iby’akababaro

Ibikoresho byihutirwa by’abana bihuza indwara itihutirwa gutera ubuzima n’imvune ntoya ku mwana ahetenze uko bisanzwe, anywa kandi afite ubwenge: ibitotsi, kubabara amatwi, kubabara impinduro, guhindura, impiswi nto, ibicurane byoroheje. Ibitaro byihutirwa bihuza imyaka n’uburemere: ibicurane byose ku mwana uri munsi y’amezi 2, kugorwa no guhumeka, kwizenguruka, kuribwa kudahagaze, kuvunika bikomeye, anaphylaxis. Ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka 2, hitamo ahantu haherekanwa abana.

Izi ntabwo ari impinduka ebyiri z’ubwoko bumwe uhitamo hagati yazo kubera igiciro, parikingi, cyangwa igihe cyo gutegereza. Ikigaragaza ni imyaka y’umwana wawe n’uburyo arwaye, kuko byose byerekana ibyo icyo cyumba gishobora gukora.

Ibigo byihutirwa byinshi nta ma laboratwari yo gupima amaraso, nta mashini ya CT, nta kuvurwa na sedatifi ya IV, nta gusuzuma buri gihe amashusho y’umutima cyangwa umwuka, nta inzira yo kwakira umwana, kandi nta itsinda ry’abana bahora biteguye gufasha. Ibyo ni byose bigaragarira. Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku bana ryongera kurushaho kureba abana bato: ubuyobozi bwa AAP ku kwita ku bibazo bitihutirwa by’ubuvuzi buvuga ko kwita ku bana bari munsi y’imyaka 2 mu gihe kimwe bigomba kuva ku mwana wigisha, ibikoresho byihutirwa by’abana, cyangwa ibitaro byihutirwa, ntabwo ari ibigo by’ubucuruzi cyangwa telehealth ikorana n’abakoresha, kuko indwara yihuta vuba cyane ku myaka iyo, kandi ibimenyetso bikaba bigoranye gusobanuka. Kandi urugendo rugaragara nk’urworoheje ni urugendo mu bitaro byihutirwa niba habaye ikimenyetso kimwe gikomeye.

Ibyapa byerekana ko umwana wawe akeneye ibitaro byihutirwa ntabwo byanditse kubitekereza

Ibyapa byerekana ko umwana wawe akeneye ibitaro byihutirwa ni ibigaragara, ntabwo ari ibyo ugorora: ureba guhumeka, ibara, ubwenge, kuribwa, n’imyaka, kandi kimwe muri byo cyihuta kuruta ibindi byose ku rupapuro ruhari.

Hamo 911 cyangwa jya mu bitaro byihutirwa ubu niba:

  • Umwana wawe arahagaze guhumeka cyangwa yarahagaze guhumeka
  • Guhamagara birakomeye, byihuse, cyangwa birababaza, harimo gutetereza, cyangwa iminwa n’uruhu bisa nk’ubururu.
  • Habayeho kubura ubwenge, cyangwa kuvunika bikomeye hamwe no kuruka, urujijo, cyangwa impinduka mu myitwarire.
  • Habayeho kwizenguruka, cyane cyane kwamaraga iminota 3 kugeza 5.
  • Wabonye ibimenyetso bya anaphylaxis: kwiyongera ku maso cyangwa urwigi, cyangwa kurya cyane hamwe no guhumeka.
  • Kuribwa ntikuhagaze, icyuho ni kinini, cyangwa igice cyarahinduwe cyaravunitse.
  • Utekereza ko hari imvune ku rwara cyangwa umugongo, cyangwa hari igihe gikomeye.
  • Hari ibicurane bikomeye hamwe n’ibitugu n’umutwe, cyangwa ibicurane bitavura n’imiti.
  • Habayeho urujijo rw’akarengane, kugorwa no gukanguka, kunanirwa bikomeye, cyangwa kurira utabasha guhumuriza.
  • Umwana wawe uri munsi y’amezi 2 kandi afite ibicurane byose byo ku rugero rwa 100.4°F (38°C) cyangwa hejuru.

Urutonde ruturuka kure cyane ku buyobozi bwa MedlinePlus ku gihe wakoresha ibitaro byihutirwa ku mwana, kandi ntibikoresha ijambo "bikomeye". Si ko n’izindi ndwara zihuta zihuta. Hamagara aho kugereranya: nta koti y’amazi mu masaha 18, nta kurira, akanwa k’umye, amaso yahindukiye, inkari zihindukiye, n’uruhu ruguma rukomeye iyo warukandagije. Iyo kombinati hamwe no kuruka cyangwa impiswi bikomeye ni urugendo mu bitaro byihutirwa, ntabwo ari urugendo rwo mu gitondo.

Fata urugendo mu gihe cy’iminsi irindwi iri imbere niba:

  • Inkorora irimo inyuma y’ibitotsi byanyuze.
  • Ihura rigenda riyiyongera ritagira ibicurane cyangwa indwara.
  • Kugenda nabi bike bikomeje kugenda bihinduka buri munsi.
  • Umwana wawe akomeje kwikubita ku gitwi kimwe hagati y’urugendo rwo gusuzumwa.

Hamo n’umuganga mbere yo gutangira niba:

  • Utekereza ko umwana wawe yanyoye imiti, isuku, cyangwa igice cy’ikimera, kandi ari muzima kandi ahetenze uko bisanzwe: hamo kuganira na Poison Control ku 1-800-222-1222 mbere, mbere yo gutwara cyangwa gutanga ikintu cyo munwa.
  • Utekereza ko hari bateri ya butoni cyangwa ibihangange byanyowe, cyangwa umwana wawe arahagaze, ahinduka, asinzira, cyangwa adashishikaye: ibyo ni ibitaro byihutirwa ubu, ntabwo ni telefone.
  • Utabonye neza niba ibicurane cyangwa ihura ku mwana ufite ubuzima bisaba kwita kuri buri munsi.

Niba utabona neza uko birenzeho byihutirwa, uburenganzira bwa August AI Symptom Checker bushobora kugufasha gutondeka ibimenyetso mbere yo guhitamo aho ujya. Ni ubufasha bwo kugenzura, ntabwo ari ubwo gusobanura, kandi ntabwo bishubijweho urutonde ruvugwa haruguru.

Intambwe ya mbere ni telefone, ntabwo ari urugendo mu modoka

Ibiro byinshi by’abana byakoresha nimero y’abajyanama bahorana cyangwa ihora itegereje, kandi uwo mujyanama ashobora kukubwira mu gihe cy’iminota ine niba ari iby’ibikoresho byihutirwa, ibitaro byihutirwa, cyangwa urugendo rutegereje kugeza mu gitondo. Abanyamigabane benshi bashyiraho nimero y’abajyanama y’ubuntu nayo. Bombi bakoreshwa cyane mu gihe cy’isaha ya 2 z’ijoro.

Fata ibi mbere yo guhamagara: imyaka y’umwana wawe, ubushyuhe bwe n’ukuntu wabupimye, amasaha ibimenyetso byatangiriye, uko amasaha yanyuze yahindukiye kugereranyije n’icyo mbere yayo, imiti yose yahawe hamwe n’ikirere, umubare w’amakoti mazi cyangwa ingendo zo kujya mu bwiherero, n’ikibazo cyose cy’igihe kirekire, igikoresho cyashyizwe mu mubiri, cyangwa umurongo wa gahunda.

Ikiruhuko kimwe gikomeye. Niba hari ikimenyetso cya 1 kiboneka haruguru, ihute telefone kandi uhamagare 911 cyangwa utware mu bitaro byihutirwa. Urugero rwo gukoresha telefone ni urufasha rwo kugenzura, ntabwo ari urugendo rwo gutinda.

Ku mwana mukuru ufite ibitotsi, kubabara impinduro, ihura, igitsure cyijimye, August's urugendo rwa telehealth rwa $39 ni intambwe nziza mbere y’uko umuntu wese yambara inkweto. Umuganga wemewe muri Amerika asuzuma ibimenyetso kandi akemeza niba ibisabwa ari ngombwa. Ibyo ashobora gukora: amakuru, gutunganya, gusukura, cyangwa kugenzura n’amaboko. Ntabwo ari inzira ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka 2, kandi ntabwo ari inzira ku gukenera ikimenyetso.

Ibikoresho byihutirwa ni kubafite indwara kandi bababaye, ntabwo ari kubafite indwara kandi badafite uko bakora

Guhitamo igihe cyo kwerekeza mu bikoresho byihutirwa by’abana birorohawe iyo umenya urugero: MedlinePlus irerekana indwara z’abana zikunzwe nk’ibitotsi, grippe, kubabara amatwi, n’impinduro, ndetse n’imvune ntoya zirimo guhindura, kwikubita, impiswi nto n’imvune nto, ibicurane byoroheje, n’ihura ryoroheje. Ibyo ni byo bisanzwe mu menu.

"Byoroheje" bisaba gusobanurwa, kuko abanyura badakunda kubitanga. Bizibwaho nk’ibi bine byose biboneka:

  • Kuribwa guhagarara nyuma y’iminota 10 yo gusinya uko bisanzwe.
  • Umwana wawe azashyiraho igitugu ku kuguru cyangwa gukoresha ukuboko.
  • Umwana wawe anywa kandi akagiramo nibura bimwe mu bikoresho.
  • Guhamagara birimo gutuje kandi bikoroheje.
  • Umwana wawe ashobora guhumurizwa kandi akaba akumenye.

Hamo mbere yo gutwara. Ibigo byihutirwa byinshi bifite igipimo cy’umwana muto, akenshi hagati y’amezi 6 n’umwaka, kandi bamwe ntibakubona abana, bityo uhamagarire igipimo cy’imyaka kandi ubaze niba umuganga ufite ubumenyi mu bana ari mu mirimo uyu mugoroba. Ku mwana wese uri munsi y’imyaka 2, ibikoresho byihutirwa by’abana bifite akamaro kuruta kuvuza imbaraga rusange, kuko ari cyo gihe AAP yemeje. Kandi wamenya ibyo ibikoresho byihutirwa bikora hamwe n’ikibazo gikomeye: bigenzura, bigafasha uko bishobora, hanyuma bigahindura. Ikibazo gikomeye gikwiriye kujya kurebera mu bitaro byihutirwa.

Akarengane vs. gakomeje: isaha imwe yemeza ibikoresho byihutirwa vs ibitaro byihutirwa

Ku bikoresho byihutirwa vs ibitaro byihutirwa ku mwana, ikizamini gikomeye ni igihe. Ibimenyetso byiyongereye mu gihe kitageze ku isaha, cyane cyane guhumeka, ubwenge, ibara, cyangwa ibibazo, byerekana ibitaro byihutirwa. Ibimenyetso byiyongereye mu gihe cy’umunsi cyangwa ibiri ku mwana ukibona ibyo kunywa kandi ugikina muri buri gihe bigafata inzira y’ibikoresho byihutirwa.

Bityo rero shyiraho igihe cy’isaha imwe kandi wonsubire gusuzuma ibintu bine bimwe na bimwe: guhumeka, ubwenge, ibara, ibyo kunywa. Kwiyongera kw’ikinyuranyo ni wo mwanzuro, uko ibimenyetso byoroheje byaba bisa ntabwo bifite icyo bivuze.

Imihindagurikire y’ubushobozi ikurikirana na yo. Ibitaro byihutirwa bifite CT na ultrasound, IV fluids n’IV antibiotics, amaraso n’inkari zireba ibyo kunywa, sedatifi, gusuzuma buri gihe, abaspecialiste b’abana, n’inzira ibereye yo kwakira. Ibikoresho byihutirwa bifite ibyo gusuzuma, ibizamini byihuse, X-ray rusange muri bimwe, gufunga, n’gusukura. Bombi ni beza mu bwabo.

Incamake y’ukuri: ababyeyi bashyira mu bitaro byihutirwa kure cyane kuruta uko babyishaka. Amakuru ya CDC yavuzwe mu isesengura ry’ibitaro byihutirwa ku bana byihutirwa yasanze hafi 40% by’urugendo mu bitaro byihutirwa ku bana bafite imyaka 4 n’munsi bayoboye nk’ibyo byihutirwa cyangwa ntibihutirwa. Nta kimenyetso gikomeye, ibikoresho byihutirwa akenshi ni byo bikwiriye kandi byihuse. Ariko ikosa ntabwo ari rimwe. Uru rugendo rutari ngombwa mu bikoresho byihutirwa rukurirwa n’ikinywa. Kwibagirwa ikibazo gikomeye kuruta uko.

Itegeko rimwe ry’ibicurane ku myaka, kugira ngo uhagarike kwishyira hamwe ku mibare itandukanye

Ku mwana ufite ibicurane, ibikoresho byihutirwa cyangwa ibitaro byihutirwa bikomoka ku itsinda rimwe ry’imyaka n’umubare umwe. Munsi y’amezi 2, urugero rwo mu rub Experiment rwa 100.4°F (38°C) cyangwa hejuru ni urugendo mu bitaro byihutirwa ubu. Ntabwo ari ibikoresho byihutirwa, kandi ntabwo ari urugendo rwo gutegereza kugeza mu gitondo telefone, umurongo CHOP ihagaritse hagati y’ibitaro byihutirwa n’ibigo byihutirwa by’abana.

Impamvu ni uburyo bwo gukoresha, ntabwo ari ubwoba. Ubwobuyobozi bwa AAFP ku bicurane ku bana bato n’abato burerekana isuzuma ry’umwana wavutse wose w’icyumweru 28: ubwoko bw’amaraso, ubwoko bw’amaraso, isuku y’inkari n’ubwoko bw’inkari, hamwe n’umutwe. Nta kigo cyihutirwa gishobora gukora uwo murongo cyangwa kwakira umwana hanyuma.

Ku mezi 2 n’inyuma, termomemeteri ntishobora kwemeza ikintu na kimwe. Guhamagara, ubwenge, guhabwa amazi, n’ukuntu umwana wawe ashobora guhumurizwa ni byo byemeza. Umwana ufite ubuzima, anywa umwana ufite ibicurane byo ku rugero rwa 103°F akenshi ni urugendo rw’umwana wigisha cyangwa ibikoresho byihutirwa, mugihe umwana unaniwe ku rugero rwa 101°F ari we.

Icuraburindi bigana mu bitaro byihutirwa ku myaka yose iyo biherekejwe n’ibitugu n’umutwe, iyo bitavura n’umuti wagenewe, iyo ihura riherekejwe ridahinduka iyo warikandagije, iyo biherekejwe n’ikibazo, iyo bimaze iminsi itanu, cyangwa iyo umwana wawe afite ubudahangarwa buke cyangwa afite indwara ya sickle cell cyangwa umurongo wa gahunda. Koresha termomemeteri yo mu rub Experiment ku bana, kandi ujye ubwira umuganga uburyo wabikoresheje.

Bikunze kwibazwa

Ibikoresho byihutirwa by’abana bifite igiciro cyo hasi kuruta ibitaro byihutirwa, kandi iki ni cyo kibazo ku bantu badafite ubwishingizi?

Yego. Bizibwaho nk’ibiciro binini bigaragara bitandukanye ku ntara, ku kigo, kandi ku mishinga: akenshi hafi 50 kugeza 150$ mu bikoresho byihutirwa kandi ibitaro byihutirwa bifite ibihumbi n’ibihumbi mbere y’ubwishingizi. Abatarigeze babona ubwishingizi, ibigo byita ku buzima byo mu turere bifite uburenganzira bwuzuye n’ibigo bifite igiciro gikunzwe ni byo bibaho cyane, kandi ushobora kubaza ibiro by’ibitaro by’ibitaro ku bufasha bwo kwishyura cyangwa kwita ku bantu.

Niba ibikoresho byihutirwa bitwohereje mu bitaro byihutirwa, tuzishyura inshuro ebyiri?

Rimwe na rimwe. Ibikorwa bibiri bihora bishyurwa ukundi, kuko ibigo bibiri byatanze ubuvuzi. Niba impinduka yabaye kubera ko ikigo cya mbere kitashoboye gukora ikizamini ngombwa, wavuze ko ubwo wahamagaye ibiro by’ibyo kwishyura kandi wamusabye gusubiramo. Shaka impapuro zihamagara z’urugendo rw’ibikoresho byihutirwa, kuko zerekana impamvu byakomejwe.

Ndi muntu kugaburira umwana wanjye imiti y’ibicurane mbere yo kwerekeza mu bitaro byihutirwa?

Yego, mu bihe byinshi, hamwe n’ikintu kimwe. Acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen byagenewe kugaburira birakora umwana w’umubabaro byoroshye gusuzuma kandi ntibihisha indwara ikomeye, bityo rero byihute kandi wamenye imiti, igipimo, n’igihe. Ikintu kimwe ni umwana uri munsi y’amezi 2, aho wagombye guhamagara mbere cyangwa wihute kugenda, aho kugira ngo ufate imiti mbere.

Umwana wanjye akeneye ibitaro byihutirwa by’abana cyangwa ibindi byegereye?

Ntabwo akenshi. Ku kibazo cyose gihuta, harimo kugorwa no guhumeka, kwizenguruka ubu, cyangwa kuribwa cyane, ibitaro byegereye byihutirwa birakomeye, kandi bishobora guhinduka nyuma. Ibitaro by’abana bifite akamaro kurushaho urugendo rw’inyongera ku mwana ufite ubuzima buhamye ufite ikibazo gikomeye gikomeye, amateka yo kubaga, cyangwa ikibazo gishobora gusaba sedatifi y’abana cyangwa ubufasha bw’umwuga.

Nshobora kujyana umwana wanjye mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi aho gutwara cyangwa mu bikoresho byihutirwa by’abana?

Oya. AAP ivuga ko irwanya ibigo by’ubucuruzi na telehealth ikoresha abakoresha ku bana bari munsi y’imyaka 2, kuko indwara yihuta kandi ibimenyetso bikomeye bigorana gusobanura ku myaka iyo. Koresha umwana wigisha wawe, ibikoresho byihutirwa by’abana, cyangwa ibitaro byihutirwa aho. Kuva ku myaka 2 kugera hejuru, ikigo cy’ubucuruzi kirakomeye ku bibazo byoroheje, byoroheje.

Iby’ingenzi: ibibazo bitatu, muri gahunda

Bikore mu mutwe. Icya mbere, hari ikimenyetso gikomeye, harimo ibicurane byose ku mwana uri munsi y’amezi 2? Hanyuma ni ibitaro byihutirwa cyangwa 911, ubu. Icya kabiri, byakomeje kugenda cyane mu gihe cy’isaha ishize, mu guhumeka, ubwenge, ibara, cyangwa ibibazo? Hanyuma ni ibitaro byihutirwa. Icya gatatu, nta na kimwe muri byo? Hamo nimero yo mu bihe bitari ku masaha y’akazi cyangwa utangire na telehealth, hanyuma ukoreshe ibikoresho byihutirwa by’abana, uhamagarire igipimo cy’umwana mbere yo gutwara.

Kandi niba utabona uko ubwigenge nyuma ya byose, guhitamo ibitaro byihutirwa ntabwo ariwo mwanzuro mubi.

Ikirego: Inyandiko iyi iravuga gusa kandi ntabwo ari ubuvuzi. Uzajye uhamagarira umuganga wemewe kugira ngo ugire inama kandi ugire ubuvuzi. Niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye cyane, hamo 911 cyangwa jya mu bitaro byegereye byihutirwa.