Indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STDs) n’ubwandu bwanduye mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs) ni ingingo z’ingenzi mu buzima rusange. Abantu benshi batekereza ko aya magambo yerekeye gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina gusa, ariko ni ingenzi kumenya ko afite ibisobanuro birenga ibyo. STD isanzwe ibaho iyo STI itera ibimenyetso cyangwa ibibazo by’ubuzima. Ku rundi ruhande, STI ishobora kuba ubwandu budashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso igihe cyose.

Ubwandu nk’ubu bwikwirakwira ahanini binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, irimo imibonano mpuzabitsina y’igitsina, iy’inyuma n’iy’akanwa. Ariko kandi, ushobora no kwandura zimwe muri STDs na STIs mu buryo butari ubw’imibonano mpuzabitsina. Urugero, gusangira ibyuma byo guterera cyangwa kugira aho umubiri uhura n’undi hafi bishobora gukwirakwiza ubwandu nk’ubu.

Wigeze kwibaza niba ushobora kwandura STD utabanje gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina? Igisubizo ni yego. Bimwe mu bibazo, nka HPV, bishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu mibanire ya hafi idakubiyemo kwinjira. Ubwandu bumwe na bumwe bushobora kandi kwandura binyuze mu gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu nk’amakara cyangwa udutabo, cyane cyane niba hari ibikomere cyangwa ibisebe.

Kumenya ibi bintu bijyanye na STDs na STIs ni ingenzi cyane mu kongera ubumenyi no gukora imyitozo myiza y’ubuzima. Mu kwigira uko ubwandu nk’ubu bwikwirakwira, dushobora kwita neza ku buzima bwacu bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina n’imibereho yacu muri rusange.

Gusobanukirwa inzira zo kwandura

Inzira zo kwandura zivuga uburyo indwara zandura zikwirakwira kuva ku muntu umwe cyangwa ikiremwa kirenze kimwe ku kindi. Hepfo hari urutonde rwerekana inzira zitandukanye zo kwandura n’ibyago byazo.

Inzira yo kwandura	Ibisobanuro	Ingero zisanzwe	Uburyo bwo kwirinda
Guhuza mu buryo butaziguye	Bihariye guhererekanya indwara ziterwa na mikorobe binyuze mu guhuza umubiri n’undi cyangwa amazi yo mu mubiri.	Gukora ku ruhu rwanduye, imibonano mpuzabitsina, gufata mu ntoki.	Isuku y’intoki, imyambaro yo kwirinda, gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo buzewe.
Guhuza mu buryo butanyuzeho	Indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zikwirakwira binyuze ku biti cyangwa ibintu byanduye hanyuma bikagira aho bikora.	Udufunguzo tw’amadirishya, ibikoresho bisangiwe, n’ibikoresho by’abaganga.	Kweza, gukaraba intoki, kwirinda ibintu bisangiwe.
Kwandura binyuze mu kirere	Indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zikwirakwira binyuze mu dusebe duto two mu kirere, akenshi binyuze mu guhumeka cyangwa guhisha.	Igituntu, rubella, COVID-19.	Kwambara udupfukamunwa, guhumeka neza, no kwirinda guhura hafi.
Kwandura binyuze mu binyabuzima	Bihariye kwandura binyuze mu dusimba cyangwa inyamaswa zitwara indwara ziterwa na mikorobe.	Malariya (imbuga), indwara ya Lyme (udusimba).	Gukoresha imiti yo kwirinda udusimba, imyambaro yo kwirinda, n’inkingo.
Kwandura binyuze mu nyuma	Indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zikwirakwira binyuze mu biribwa, amazi, cyangwa intoki byanduye nyuma yo guhuza n’ibicuruzwa by’umwanda.	Kolera, hepatite A, norovirus.	Isuku nziza, gutunganya amazi, n’isuku nziza y’intoki.

Ibikorwa bitari iby’imibonano mpuzabitsina bishobora gutera STDs

Nubwo indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STDs) zizwi cyane ko ziterwa n’imibonano mpuzabitsina, ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bitari iby’imibonano mpuzabitsina bishobora kandi gutera ubwandu. Dore bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa:

1. Gusangira ibyuma byo guterera cyangwa ibyuma byo guterera amaraso

Gusangira ibyuma byo guterera ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibikoresho byo kuvura bishobora gutera ubwandu bwa STDs ziterwa n’amaraso, nka HIV, hepatite B, na hepatite C. Ubwandu nk’ubu bushobora kubaho niba ibyuma byanduye amaraso yanduye.

2. Kwanduza umwana binyuze mu mubyeyi

Zimwe muri STDs, nka HIV na syphilis, zishobora kwandura kuva ku mubyeyi wanduye ku mwana we mu gihe cyo gutwita, kubyara, cyangwa konsa. Ubu bwandu butari ubw’imibonano mpuzabitsina bushobora kubaho nubwo nta mibonano mpuzabitsina yabaye.

3. Gusukura amaraso cyangwa gusimbuza imyanya y’umubiri

Niba amaraso cyangwa imyanya y’umubiri bitasuzumwe neza, STDs nka HIV cyangwa hepatite B na C zishobora kwandura binyuze mu gusukura amaraso cyangwa gusimbuza imyanya y’umubiri. Amategeko akomeye yo gusuzuma afasha kugabanya icyo kintu.

4. Ibintu bya buri muntu bisangiwe

Gusangira ibintu nka amakara, uburoso bw’amenyo, cyangwa udutabo bishobora gutera ubwandu bwa STDs nka herpes cyangwa human papillomavirus (HPV) niba bigira aho bihurira n’amazi yo mu mubiri yanduye.

5. Gutobora no gushushanya

Gukoresha ibikoresho bidakozwe neza mu gutobora umubiri cyangwa gushushanya bishobora gutera abantu indwara ziterwa n’amaraso nka HIV, hepatite B, cyangwa hepatite C.

Kwiringira no kumenya

• Gukora isuku nziza: Koga intoki kenshi, kandi wirinda gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu (urugero, amakara, uburoso bw’amenyo, udutabo) kugira ngo wirinde ikwirakwira rya STDs.

• Kwima gusangira ibyuma byo guterera: Ntusangire ibyuma byo guterera cyangwa ibyuma byo guterera amaraso mu gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, kuvura, cyangwa gushushanya kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago by’ubwandu bw’amaraso nka HIV na hepatite.

• Kwisuzumisha kenshi: Kwisuzumisha kenshi kuri STDs, harimo HIV, hepatite, na syphilis, ni ingenzi cyane, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi cyangwa abafite abantu benshi bakundana.

• Gutobora no gushushanya mu buryo buzewe: Kumenya neza ko aho bashushanya n’aho babora bakoresha ibikoresho byakozwe neza kugira ngo wirinde indwara nka hepatite B na C.

• Koresha uburyo bwo kwirinda mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina: Nubwo ari igikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina, gukoresha agakingirizo cyangwa agakingirizo k’amenyo mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina bigabanya cyane ibyago bya STDs nka HIV, herpes, na HPV.

• Kwigisha no kongera ubumenyi: Kumenyekanisha ubumenyi ku nzira zo kwandura zitari iby’imibonano mpuzabitsina n’akamaro k’imyitwarire myiza, cyane cyane mu bikorwa bifite ibyago byinshi nko gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa guhindura umubiri.

• Inkingo: Fata inkingo zo kwirinda STDs nka hepatite B na human papillomavirus (HPV).

• Gushaka ubuvuzi mu gihe cyo gutwita: Abagore batwite bagomba gusuzuma kenshi kugira ngo birinde kwanduza umwana binyuze mu mubyeyi STDs nka HIV na syphilis.

• Kumenya ibimenyetso: Menya ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya STD kandi ushake inama y’abaganga niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragara. Kumenya hakiri kare bishobora kwirinda ingaruka mbi no kwanduza abandi.

Incamake

Kwiringira no kumenya STDs bihariye gukora isuku nziza, kwirinda gusangira ibyuma byo guterera cyangwa ibintu bya buri muntu, no kumenya neza ko ibintu byakozwe neza mu gihe cyo gutobora no gushushanya. Kwisuzumisha kenshi kuri STDs, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, ni ingenzi mu kumenya hakiri kare no kwirinda. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina, gufata inkingo zo kwirinda STDs nka hepatite B na HPV, no kwigisha abandi ku nzira zo kwandura zitari iby’imibonano mpuzabitsina bifasha kugabanya ikwirakwira ry’ubwandu.

Abagore batwite bagomba gusuzuma kenshi kugira ngo birinde kwanduza umwana binyuze mu mubyeyi, kandi kumenya ibimenyetso bya STD bituma ubuvuzi buhita butangira. Ibi bintu byose hamwe bifasha kurinda abantu n’abaturage ikwirakwira rya STDs.