Mbese Ndi Wonyine Utekereza, Cyangwa Ibintu Birashobora Kuba ari ADHD?

Nta kizamini cyo kuri interineti cyihamagarira ADHD. Ibyo bikwiye kuvugwa ku ntangiriro kuko abantu benshi bashaka igisubizo kirambye ku rutonde rwibibazo kandi ariko diagose ya ADHD ikora. Ibikoresho byo kwisuzuma bishobora kugufasha kumenya niba ibimenyetso byawe bihuje bihagije na ADHD kugirango ubashe kwiyandikisha kugirango usuzumwe n'inzobere? Ni cyo intego yabyo ari cyo. Kwisuzuma, si diagose.

Igisuzumwa Cyizewe Kuruta Ibindi Byose: ASRS

Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS) ni cyo gikoresho gisuzuma cyinshi cyane cyakoreshejwe kuri ADHD ku bakuze. Cyakozwe n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO) ku bufatanye n'abashakashatsi bo muri Harvard Medical School na New York University.

ASRS igizwe n'ibibazo 18 byashingiye ku byasobanuwe mu gitabo cya DSM, byagabanyijwe mu byiciro bibiri. Igice cya A gifite ibintu 6 bifatwa nk'ibigaragaza cyane ko umuntu ashobora kuba afite ADHD. Igice cya B cyongeramo ibindi bintu 12 byinjira cyane mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ibimenyetso. Ikibazo cyose gikoresha urwego rw'amanota 5 kuva 'Nta na rimwe' kugeza 'Kenshi cyane'.

Mu bijyanye n'uburyo bwiza: Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2020 bwagereranyije abantu bakuru 646 basanzwemo ADHD na 908 batayirwaye bwerekanye ko ASRS yabonye Agace munsi y'umurongo (AUC) wa 0.904, bikaba byafatwa nk'uburyo bwiza bwo kugena diagose kuri iki gikoresho cyo kwisuzuma. Igice cya A gifite ibintu 6 cyahagaze hafi nka kimwe (AUC 0.903). Ku rwego rw'uko bigomba, cyamenye abantu 9 kuri 10 bafite ADHD mu gihe bubahirizaga 88% by'uburyo bwiza.

Icyakora, ASRS ifite ibibazo bisobanutse. Ikoresha uburyo bwo gusubiza 'yego' cyangwa 'o' cyangwa amanota y'inshuro, bisobanura ko igaragaza ibimenyetso byoroheje nta musobanuro. Ntabwo ishobora gutandukanya ADHD n'izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa. Kandi ntabwo yakozwe kugirango ikore nk'igikoresho kimwe cyo kugena diagose. Abashakashatsi bayikoze bashize amagarama ko ari igisuzumwa, si ikiganiro na muganga.

Hari ibindi bikoresho bifite uburyo bwiza. Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) isuzuma ibimenyetso byo mu buto mu buryo bwo kureba inyuma. Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) bikoreshwa cyane mu bigo nderabuzima. Vanderbilt Assessment Scales bikoreshwa cyane ku bana. Nta nubwo bikura abaganga bafite ubumenyi.

Ni Ibimenyetso Bya ADHD Ni Ibyo Koko

Niba urimo kugerageza kumenya niba ibyo uhuye nabyo bihuje na ADHD, biragufasha kumenya ibyo abaganga bashakisha. DSM 5 igabanya ibimenyetso bya ADHD mu byiciro bibiri.

Ibimenyetso byo Kutitegura birimo: ingorane zo kwicazaho igihe ku bikorwa cyangwa inshingano (cyane cyane izo zitari zifite inyungu yihariye), gukora amakosa y'ubunebwe mu kazi cyangwa mu mirimo ya buri munsi, kutumva iyo uvugishijwe mu maso ku maso, kunanirwa gukurikiza amabwiriza cyangwa kurangiza imishinga, ingorane zikomeye zo gutegura ibikorwa no gucunga igihe, kwirinda cyangwa kwanga ibikorwa bisaba kwicazaho igihe kinini cy'umuntu, kwibagirwa kenshi ibintu by'ingenzi ku buzima bwa buri munsi (imfunguzo, terefoni, uruhago, impapuro), kwibasirwa byoroshye n'ibitekerezo cyangwa ibintu bidafite aho bihuriye, no kwibagirwa inshingano za buri munsi nko guhurira, amafaranga, cyangwa gusubiza telefone.

Ibimenyetso byo Kwirakwiza no Kwihuta birimo: kwikoroza cyangwa kwicugusa iyo umuntu ategerejwe kwicara, kuva ku ntebe mu bihe byo kwicarwa, kumva utihanganiye cyangwa utashobora kuruhuka (ku bakuze, ibi akenshi bigaragazwa nk'uruhurura imbere aho kugenda), ingorane zo gukora ibintu utuje, kumva wiyemeje cyangwa uhora wihuta, kuvuga cyane, gusubiza mbere ko ikibazo kirangira, kwanga gutegereza igihe cyawe, no gusagarira cyangwa guhagarika abandi kenshi.

Ku bakuze bafite imyaka 17 kuzamuka, DSM 5 yisaba nibura ibimenyetso bitanu mu cyiciro kimwe cyangwa byombi, byariho nibura amezi atandatu, bigaragaye mu bige mukoresha nibura bibiri (akazi, urugo, imibereho), kandi byateje ingorane zihamye mu mikorere. Mu buryo bukomeye, ibimenyetso byagombaga kuba byariho mbere y'imyaka 12, nubwo bidakunda kuboneka.

Buri muntu ahura n'ibyo bintu rimwe na rimwe. Icyitandukanya ADHD n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gutekereza: ibi bimenyetso birakomeye, bikaba biboneka mu bice byinshi by'ubuzima, kandi bikaba byateza ibibazo bikomeye nk'igihe kirutse, umubano wahungabana, kutihanganira akazi, kwiga nabi—si ibibazo byoroheje gusa.

Uburyo Ibimenyetso Bigaragara Mu Buryo Bwihariye Ku Bw'imyaka n'Igitsina

ADHD ntabwo ihura mu bantu bose, kandi gusobanukirwa uko ihura byahindura niba wiyumva mu byasobanuwe mu byasobanuwe.

Ku bana, kwirakwiza ni cyo kintu gikunze kugaragara cyane ku mwana utashobora kwicara, ugomba kwiruka, wibasiye ishuri. Mu bukuru, ubwo bwoko bwo kwirakwiza bugenda buhinduka ubw'imbere: gutekereza cyane, ingorane zo kuruhuka, impamvu yo gukora ikintu.

Igitsina nacyo gishobora guhindura uko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Ibisabwa kugirango amenye ADHD byakozwe cyane cyane ku bahungu, aho abahungu 81% bahagaragaye mu bushakashatsi bukomeye, nk'uko byagaragaye mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe mu kinyamakuru cya Journal of Attention Disorders. Abahungu bakunze kugaragaza ibimenyetso byo hanze (kwirakwiza, kwihuta, imyitwarire mibi), bikunze kuboneka mu ishuri. Abakobwa kenshi bagaragaza ibimenyetso byo kutagira gahunda: kwiyumvamo, kutagira gahunda, gutekereza ku ruhanya.

Ibi ni bimwe mu bituma abagore bashobora kugerwaho na diagose nyuma. Mu buto, abahungu bagirwa diagose inshuro 2 kugeza 3 kuruta abakobwa. Ariko mu bukuru, umubare ugenda ugenda 1:1, bisobanura ko abagore benshi bari barwaye ADHD kuva kera ariko ntibabonye diagose. Abagore bafite ADHD banashobora kugira uburyo bwo guhangana bwo kwihisha ibimenyetso byabo, kandi banashobora kugirwa diagose ku buryo butari ubwawo bakagaragazwa ko bafite impungenge cyangwa agahinda mbere.

Niba uri umugore usoma ibi kandi utekereza ko 'Ntabwo mfitanye na ADHD ndetse nubwo mfite ibimenyetso byo kutagira gahunda' ibyo bikwiye gusuzumwa. Uburyo bw'ibisanzwe ntabwo buhagije, ntabwo aribwo bwa nyuma.

Ni Iki Kwisuzuma Byaguhakanira?

Hano ni ho abantu benshi bahagera, rero ni byiza kuvuga mu buryo burambuye ku bibazo.

Ntabwo bashobora kwirinda ibisa. Indwara nyinshi zifite ibimenyetso bisa na ADHD. Indwara yo kwibaza cyane ishobora gutera ingorane zo kwicazaho, kwirakwiza, no kugorana kurangiza ibikorwa. Agahinda karimo kutishimira, kwibagirwa, no gukenera gukora byinshi. Indwara za tisoyide—cyane cyane hyperthyroidism—ishobora kwigana kwirakwiza no kutagirira gahunda. Indwara z'ibitotsi, cyane cyane obstructive sleep apnea n'umunaniro ukomeye, bigira ingaruka mbi ku kwicazaho, kwibuka, no kwihuta. Imyitwarire yo kwihutirwa (PTSD, complex PTSD) ishobora kugaragaza kwibaza cyane, ingorane zo kwicazaho, no kugorana mu guhuzaganya ibitekerezo mu buryo busa na ADHD ku buryo busa.

Ikigereranyo cyo kwisuzuma nticyatandukanya ibi. Umuganga ashobora kubikora biciye mu gukusanya amakuru arambuye, amakuru avuye ku bandi, kandi rimwe na rimwe ibindi bishushanya.

Ntabwo bashobora kwemeza ubukomezi. Kumenya ko ufite ibimenyetso bitandukanye n'ukumenya uko biguhungabanya ubuzima bwawe. Abantu babiri bashobora kugira amanota asa na ASRS kandi bakagira impamvu zitandukanye zo kugabana. Ubukomezi bwemeza ubwoko bw'ubufasha ukeneye—kuva ku buryo bwo kwigisha kugeza ku miti cyangwa ibindi byo kuvura.

Ntabwo bashobora gusobanukirwa kwihisha. Abakuze benshi—cyane cyane abagore—bakoresheje imyaka myinshi bakora uburyo bwo kwihisha ibimenyetso bya ADHD. Bashobora kutagira amanota menshi kuri questionnaire yo kwisuzuma ku buryo butari ubwawo kuko bigishijwe kwihangana. Ibyo ntibisobanuye ko ADHD itariho. Bisobanura ko igikoresho cyo gusuzuma ntikigaragaza akazi gakoreshwa kugirango bikomeze kugira ubuzima buzima.

Ni Iki Wagombye Gukora N'ibyavuye Mu Gusuzuma

Niba wakoze igikoresho gisuzuma gikomeye kandi amanota yawe akagaragaza ibimenyetso bihuje na ADHD, intambwe ikurikira iroroshye: kwiyandikisha kugirango usuzumwe n'inzobere ikwiriye. Ibyo bisobanura umuganga w'inzobere mu ndwara zo mu mutwe, umuhanga mu by'ubuvuzi, cyangwa mu bindi bihe umuganga usanzwe ufite uburambe muri ADHD.

Niba utari witeguye kuri uwo ntambwe, tangira kwandika ibimenyetso byawe buri gihe. Mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bitatu,andika ibihe byihariye aho kwicazaho, gutegura, kwihuta, cyangwa gucunga igihe byateje ibibazo bikomeye. Shiramwo ibyahabaye, aho byabereye, n'uko byaguhungabanyije. Ubu bwoko bw'inyandiko zikomeye ni ingenzi iyo wakoze ikiganiro na muganga—bwerekana ibimenyetso bifatika byihutisha igikorwa.

Niba ibyavuye mu gusuzuma kwawe bitagaragaza ADHD, ibyo nabyo ni ingenzi. Ishobora kukwerekeza ku gushakira ibindi bisobanuro—impungenge, agahinda, guhomba, ibibazo by'ibitotsi—bikeneye kwitabwaho. Ntabwo buri kibazo cyo kwicazaho ari ADHD, kandi kwirinda ko ari kimwe n'ukumenya ko ari yo.

Mu mpande zombi, gufata igihe cyo kwisuzuma uhishije ntabwo ari ikindi. Ni intangiriro yo gusobanukirwa icyo koko kibaye—cyaba ari ADHD cyangwa ikindi kintu burundu.

Reka guhakana utangire kumenya—iki kizamini cy'ubuntu cyo kuri interineti cya ADHD na August AI kiguha ishusho ihamye y'ibimenyetso byawe mu bwihisho.