Igenzura kuva ku Mutwe kugera ku Birenge mu Gizamweru cya OSCE n'Ibizami by'Ubuvuzi

Igenzura kuva ku Mutwe kugera ku Birenge ni ikihe kandi ryakorwa ryari?

Igenzura kuva ku mutwe kugera ku birenge ni koko uko bisubiramo: igenzura ry'ubuzima ry'urudaca, rikungahaye kuri sisitemi zose z'ingenzi z'umubiri, ritangira ku mutwe rigakurikira neza kugeza ku birenge. Wibaze ko ari ugukora ishusho y'ubuzima bw'umuntu wawe ku gihe runaka. Iyi shusho y'ibanze izagufasha gutahura vuba impinduka zose, cyane cyane izihuse cyangwa zingenzi mu mubiri we mu gihe kizaza.

Ni ngombwa gutandukanya iki n'igenzura ryibandwaho. Mu gihe igenzura ryuzuye ry'umubiri rirebana n'ibintu byose, igenzura ryibandwaho ryibanda ku kibazo runaka. Urugero, niba umurwayi avuga ko aruhira vuba, wakora igenzura ry'impyiko ryibandwaho ako kanya, aho gutangira uhagenzura uko amenyo ye yitwaramo.

Bityo, ryari ukora iyi igenzura ikubiyemo byose?

• Iyo Agejejwe: Umurwayi agejejwe ku rwego cyangwa mu kigo.
• Igihe Urugendo Rutangiye: Kugirango uhabwe ishingiro ry'urugendo rwawe kandi ubisabaze ibyo mugenzi wawe yabonye mbere.
• Nyuma y'Impinduka mu Mubiri W'umurwayi: Niba imyitwarire y'umurwayi ihindutse idateganyijwe.
• Mu Genzura Rusange ry'Umwaka: Mu bikorwa byo hanze y'ibitaro cyangwa mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi bw'ibanze.
• Mbere na Nyuma yo Kubagwa cyangwa Ibikorwa Bishobora Kwangiza: Kugirango ugere ku mpinduka zose.

Uburyo bwateguwe gutya bwemeza ko nta kintu na kimwe kihishe kandi bugatanga urufatiro rukomeye ku mugambi wawe w'ubuvuzi. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cya buri gitabo cy'igenzura ry'ubuvuzi.

Uburyo bwo Gutegura Igenzura ryawe

Igenzura ryihuta ritangira mbere na mbere yuko ukora ku murwayi. Gutegura ni ingenzi kugirango wemeze kwizera, kwihanganira umurwayi, no kugira ubuhanga bwawe. Kwazi uko wakora igenzura kuva ku mutwe kugera ku birenge mu buryo bw'umwuga bitangira hano.

Kusanya Ibikoresho Byawe

Kugenda inyuma no imbere kubera ibikoresho byibagiwe bitakaza igihe kandi bishobora kukwereka ko utateguye neza. Mbere yo kwinjira mu cyumba, tanganya ibikoresho byawe by'akazi.

Urutonde rwawe rw'ingenzi rw'igenzura kuva ku mutwe kugera ku birenge:

• Stethoscope: Ifite impande zombi, diaphragm na bell.
• Flashlight: Kugirango igenzure amenyo, akanwa n'umuriro.
• Gloves: Guhora ukoresha ingamba zose.
• Saati ifite Akanyarwa: Kugirango ubare umuvuduko w'umutima, umuvuduko wo guhumeka, n'igihe cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Blood Pressure Cuff (Sphygmomanometer): Wemeze ko ufite igipimo gikwiye kubw'umurwayi wawe.
• Thermometer: Kugirango wagenzure ubushyuhe.
• Pulse Oximeter: Kugirango wagenzure uko okisijeni imeze.
• Tongue Depressor
• Hand Sanitizer cyangwa Isabune n'amazi: Gutakaza ibiganza ntabwo byihanganirwa. source
• Ubwonko bwawe n'ibitekerezo: Ibikoresho byawe by'ingenzi!

Kutegura Ubuzima & Umurwayi

1. Wemeze Ihuzurwa: Fungura urugi ufate n'igikoresho. Umurwayi wawe ari mu mwanya utihanganira, kandi gusenga icyubahiro cye ni ngombwa.
2. Genzura Ururimi: Wemeze ko icyumba kirimo urumuri kugirango utajya urenga amakuru amwe namwe nk'ubururu bw'uruhu cyangwa ibiseke.
3. Wihishe kandi Ugasobanura: Tangana iserukiramwo ry'urukundo. "Yego, njye ni [Izina ryawe], kandi nzaba umuvuzi wawe uyu munsi. Nzakoza igenzura ry'ubuvuzi kuva ku mutwe kugera ku birenge, ni igenzura ry'urudaca ryo kugirango wumve ubuzima bwawe bwose. Bizanyereka, kumva, no gukora ku mutwe wawe kugeza ku birenge. Ufite ibibazo mbere yuko dutangira?"
4. Wemeze Kubaho Kw'umurwayi: Guhora wemeza kubaho kw'umurwayi ukoresheje ibimenyetso bibiri byibuze, nk'izina ryabo n'itariki y'amavuko, kandi ubisabazesaho urukingo rwabo.
5. Gira Urushuti: Babaze uko babona. Inyubako ntoya ijya kure cyane mu kwihanganira umurwayi no kumutera ishema nk'umufatanyabikorwa mu kwita ku buzima bwe.
6. Wemeze Kwihanganira n'Umutekano: Kuzamura uburiri kugeza ku bukuruguru bw'akazi ku muntu wawe (kugirango wumve umugongo wawe!) kandi umanura urukuta rw'imbere ku ruhande ugerageza.

Inzira Nderabwira 4 Z'ingenzi zo Genzura Umubiri

Mu gihe cyose cy'igenzura, uzaba ukoresha inzira 4 z'ingenzi zo genzura umubiri. Kwumva uko buri kimwe gisa n'igihe gikoreshwa ni ngombwa.

1. Genzura: Ni akantu k'inyongera ko kureba no kwirinda. Bitangira igihe cyose winjiye mu cyumba. Uzagenzura ibara ry'uruhu, ibiseke, imiterere, kubyimba, n'ikimenyetso cyo kubabara.
2. Gukora ku mubiri: Ukoresheje igikoresho cy'umubiri wawe. Uzakoresha imibavu yawe kugirango wumve uko ibintu bimeze, ubusore, n'ibintu, kandi inyuma y'ikiganza cyawe kugirango ugere ku bushyuhe. Gukora ku mubiri bishobora kuba byoroheje (ku buribwe) cyangwa byinshi (ku ngingo), ariko guhora utangira byoroheje.
3. Gukubita: Ibi bikubiyemo gukubita uruhu rw'umurwayi n'imibavu yawe kugirango uhumure amajwi. Amajwi ashobora kukubwira niba igice cy'imbere gifunze, gifunze, cyangwa gifunze amazi. Ni ubuhanga buhanitse bwakoreshejwe mu igenzura ry'igifu.
4. Kumva: Kumva amajwi y'imbere y'umubiri ukoresheje stethoscope yawe. Niho uzagenzura umutima, ibihaha, n'amajwi y'igifu.

Umwitozo Uzuye kuva ku Mutwe kugera ku Birenge

Nibyo, reka dusubize byose hamwe. Ni igitaramo nyamukuru. Wibuke gusobanura icyo ukora uko ugenda. Bifasha umurwayi kwisanzura kandi bikamufasha kwihanganira.

Igice 1: Gusuzuma Banza

Ni ishusho yawe ya mbere kandi itanga icyerekezo cy'igenzura ryose.

• ABCs & Kwihanganira: Ugiye ku buriri, igenzura vuba: Umwuka urafunguye? Uhumeka neza? Amaraso afunguye (ikindi gikora neza)? Bari barutse kandi biteguye?
• Genzura Rusange (Ubuvuzi): Ni igice cy'ingenzi cya process y'igenzura rusange y'ubuvuzi. Reba uko basa muri rusange.
  • Uburyo bwo Kwihanganira: Bari barutse? Bararyamye?
  • Kwihitiramo: Babaze izina ryabo, aho bari, itariki/umwaka, n'impamvu bariho. Ibi bigaragaza niba bari Barutse kandi Bakeyemo x4 (A&O x4).
  • Ibyiyumvo n'Icyemezo: Basa nk'abafite amahoro, bafite ubwoba, cyangwa batariho?
  • Ubuzima n'Uruhu: Bari barutse cyangwa batari barutse? Ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyo kwita ku mubiri wabo.
  • Ibimenyetso byo Kubabara: Bari bababaye, bahanganye no guhumeka, cyangwa bababaye?
• Ibimenyetso by'Uburyo & Kubabara:
  • Genzura ibimenyetso byose by'uburyo: Ubushyuhe, Umuvuduko w'amaraso, Umuvuduko w'umutima, Umuvuduko wo guhumeka, n'umwuka wa okisijeni. Waba uzi uko basanzwe, ariko kandi ubisabazesaho umwimerere w'umurwayi wawe. source
  • Genzura kubabara. Niba bavuga kubabara, koresha PQRST kugirango wumve byinshi byinshi:
    • Provokes: Ni iki gituma biba byiza cyangwa bibi?
    • Quality: Uko babibona (biryahaye, biragora, birababaza)?
    • Radiates: Bibagirana he?
    • Severity: Ku rwego rwa 0-10?
    • Time: Ryatangira ryari? Ni rwa kabiri cyangwa ntirwa kabiri?

Igice 2: Mutwe, Amaso, Amatwi, Izuru, n'Akanwa (HEENT)

Hano dutangira gukora byinshi. Igenzura rya HEENT ni ishusho isobanutse y'umutwe n'ibice by'amaso.

• Mutwe/Isura:
  • Genzura: Reba ku mutwe kugirango wumve ingano n'imiterere. Genzura isura kugirango wumve imiterere (babaze ngo bamwenyure, barakaze, bishyire ku gahanga—ibi kandi bigenzura Cranial Nerve VII). Genzura igice cy'umutwe kugirango wumve ibibanza, ubusore, cyangwa ibyatsi.
  • Gukora ku mubiri: Gukora ku rubavu rugufi kugirango wumve ibibazo cyangwa uburibwe.
• Amaso:
  • Genzura: Reba ku maso (agomba kuba yera) n'amaso (agomba kuba afite ibara ry'umutuku kandi afite ubusore). Genzura ibyatsi cyangwa ibiseke.
  • Genzura: Niho PERRLA ijya: Pupils ni Equal, Round, Reactive to Light, na Accommodate.
    1. Gusa urumuri. Wemeze ko amenyo ari kimwe.
    2. Shyiramo flashlight yawe ku ruhande muri kimwe ijisho kandi wumve urubavu rugabanuka. Subira ku rundi ruhande.
    3. Genzura kwihanganira ubasaba kureba ku kintu cyo kure, hanyuma ku kiganza cyawe cyihagije ku muyoboro wawe. Amenyo yabo agomba kugabanyuka kandi akarenga.
    4. Genzura imiterere 6 y'amaso ubasaba gukurikira igikoresho cyabo mu bwoko bw'"H" nta guhindura umutwe. Ibi bigaragaza Cranial nerves III, IV, na VI.
• Amatwi:
  • Genzura: Reba ku itwi ryo hanze kugirango wumve ibiseke, ibyatsi, cyangwa ibibanza.
  • Genzura: Kora irya kwisabiriza kugirango wumve igipimo cyo kwihanganira.
• Izuru:
  • Genzura: Reba imiterere n'ibimenyetso by'ibyatsi. Koresha flashlight yawe kugirango wumve ibice by'izuru cyangwa ibice.
  • Genzura: Genzura kwihanganira ubasaba gufunga izuru rimwe kugirango uhumeke ku rundi.
• Akanwa & Igihimba:
  • Genzura: Shyira ku bikoresho. Koresha flashlight yawe kugirango wumve iminwa, imitsi yo mu kanwa, amenyo, n'amenyo kugirango wumve ibara, ubusore, n'ibibanza. Reba ku rurimi no munsi y'ururimi.
  • Genzura: Babaze ngo bavuge “ahh” kandi barebe ko uvula n'urubavu rw'imbere bikurura kimwe (bigaragaza Cranial Nerves IX na X).

Igice 3: Ishinya

• Genzura: Reba imiterere. Genzura ibibanza by'imitsi y'umutima (JVD), ibishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyo kugaburirwa amazi. Trachea igomba kuba iherezo.
• Gukora ku mubiri:
  • Gukora ku buryo bugufi ku buryo bwo munsi mu nshinya. Agomba kuba ntoya, itari ifunze, kandi itari ifunze.
  • Gukora ku mitsi y'umutima ikindi gihe. Ntugafate impande zombi icyarimwe, kuko byashobora kugabanya amaraso ajya mu bwonko! Wibuke ingano y'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Genzura:
  • Genzura ubwoko bw'imirimo ubasaba kureba ibumoso, iburyo, hejuru, no hasi.
  • Genzura ingano yo gukanda ku gukanda ku rwego rwo kurwanya (bigaragaza Cranial Nerve XI), igice cy'ingenzi cya genzura ry'ubwonko.

Igice 4: Igitsina (Ibihaha & Umutima)

Iki gice gihuza igenzura ry'ibihaha na igenzura ry'umutima.

• Ibihaha:
  • Genzura: Reba ku gitsina kugirango wumve ko gikurura kimwe. Wibuke ingano, imiterere, n'ubwoko bw'guhumeka. Hari kubaka akoreshwa, cyangwa ni umwuka mubi?
  • Kumva: Ni ngombwa. Kumva amajwi y'ibihaha ku gitsina (imbere) na inyuma (inyuma) by'igitsina. Koresha ubwoko bwa "ladder", uhuza amajwi ku ruhande. Kumva igihe cyose cyo guhumeka no guhumuka buri gihe. Wibuke amajwi yose atari asanzwe nk'imyanya, imyuka, cyangwa ibinyoma.
• Umutima:
  • Kumva: Kumva amajwi y'umutima mu bice byose byingenzi ukoresheje mnemonic “All People Enjoy Time Magazine”:
    • Aortic (2nd intercostal space, right sternal border)
    • Pulmonic (2nd intercostal space, left sternal border)
    • Erb’s Point (3rd intercostal space, left sternal border)
    • Tricuspid (4th intercostal space, left sternal border)
    • Mitral (5th intercostal space, midclavicular line) - Niho kandi kandi havugira umutima.
  • Gukora ku mubiri: Wumve umutima ku ruhande rwa mitral. Niba umutima utari ugoramye, ugomba kubara umutima igihe cyose cy'iminota 60.

Igice 5: Igitsina (Igitesu & Imyanya ndangagitsina)

Igenzura ry'igitsina rifite itegeko rimwe rikomeye ry'impinduka mu rwego rw'inzira.

• URUTONDE RW'IBANGA: Ku gitsina, urugero ni Genzura, Kumva, Gukubita, hanyuma Gukora ku mubiri. Ugomba kumva mbere yo gukora, kuko gukora ku gitsina bishobora guhindura igitsina kandi bikaba bikora amajwi atari ariho, bikaba bituma igenzura ritari ryo.
• Genzura: Reba ku gitsina (ni irihe rigenze, ryuzuye, cyangwa ryuzuye)? Genzura ibyatsi, ibibanza, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Kumva: Kumva amajwi y'igitsina mu bice byose bine (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ). Bari basanzwe, bakomeye, cyangwa batari basanzwe?
• Gukora ku mubiri: Koresha imibavu y'intoki zawe kugirango ukore byoroheje mu bice bine. Wumve ibibazo, ububabare, cyangwa ibibanza bisobanutse. Babaze niba bahanganye n'ububabare mbere yo gutangira, kandi wibike icyo gice kirenga.
• Kugereranya: Babaze ku gihe kiza cy'ububabare bwabo (LBM) kandi niba bahanganye n'ibibazo byo kwihagarika, nk'ububabare cyangwa ubwihutirwa.

Igice 6: Imigendekere (Imitsi n'Imitsi y'Amakuru)

Hano, tugenda ku maboko n'amaguru. Guhora uhuza impande zombi.

• Amaboko n'Amaguru:
  • Genzura: Reba ku ruhu kugirango wumve ibara, imiterere y'imisatsi, n'ibiseke cyangwa ibibanza. Genzura imiterere n'ibimenyetso byo kubyimba (edema).
  • Gukora ku mubiri: Wumve uruhu kugirango wumve ubushyuhe n'ubusore. Genzura edema ukanda ikiganza cyawe hejuru y'umubiri iminota mike; niba ikintu kigere, ni "pitting" edema.
  • Genzura Ibice by'Amakuru: Wumve ibice by'amaboko: radial (umukono), brachial (hagati y'ikibuno), dorsalis pedis (ku maguru), n'inyuma y'umuherezo (inyuma y'ikibuno). Wumve ingano yabo (urugero: 2+ ni ibisanzwe).
  • Genzura Ubwoko bwo Gutanga: Wugande gato ku ruhu rw'iminwe cyangwa uruhura rw'amaguru kugeza iryoze, hanyuma urekure. Ikindi gishobora kugaruka mu minota itarenze 3.
  • Genzura Kwihanganira: Babaze bagume bashyize ibikoresho byabo hanyuma bagenzure ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutandukanya ibyahaye n'ibidakoraho ku maboko n'amaguru yabo.
  • Genzura Ubwoko bwo Kwihanganira:
    • Kuyobora: Genzura ingano yo gukanda. Babaze bashyire imibavu yabo mu bikoresho byawe bibiri.
    • Kuyobora: Babaze gusukura amaguru yabo ku bikoresho byawe (plantar flexion) kandi bakura amaguru yabo ku bikoresho byawe (dorsiflexion).

Igice 7: Inyuma n'Uruhu (Integumentary)

Ni igihe cyiza cyo kugenzura inyuma mugihe wumva amajwi y'ibihaha by'inyuma.

• Genzura: Umurwayi yicaye cyangwa yugururwa ku ruhande, igenzura uruhu ku nyuma, igitsure, n'ibibanza. Wibuke ibice by'ubugome nk'umugongo (coccyx) n'amaboko, kuko ari ahantu h'ubwoko bwo kwangirika kubera imbarutsi.
• Genzura Uruhu Rusange: Mu gihe cyose cy'igenzura, ugomba kwibuka ubusore rusange bw'uruhu. Genzura uruhu rw'uburebure (igipimo cy'uburya) ukanda uruhu hejuru y'ikibuno cyangwa ku nkanka; rugomba kugaruka vuba.

Kusoza Igenzura: Umutekano n'Ubwanditsi

Muracyari bake! Ariko ibi bifungurwa by'ikomeye ni ngombwa nk'igenzura ubwarwo. Bisoza ishusho yose ya uko wakora igenzura kuva ku mutwe kugera ku birenge.

• Wemeze Umutekano W'umurwayi: Mbere yo kugenda, wemeze ko umurwayi yihanganira. Urugero uburiri kugeza ku rwego rwo hasi rw'akazi, ufate urugero, shyira inyuma y'urukuta (nk'uko bikwiye), kandi wemeze ko urumuri ruhuza n'ikibaho cy'iburyo by'iburyo by'iburyo. Ibi bita “4 P’s“: kwizera kubabara, Gutanga, Ubwoko, n'Ibyo ufite.
• Andika Ibintu Byose: Noneho, andika ibyo wabonye. Wibuke itegeko rya zahabu ry'ubuvuzi: “Niba bitari byanditswe, ntibyakozwe.” Wihute, wizere, kandi wumve. Kurikirana icyo ureba, wumva, kandi wumva - ntabwo watekereje. Inyandiko zawe zihariye zitanga umwandiko uzwi kandi ugaragara mu biro by'abakozi bose b'ubuzima.

Ibyo Umuntu Yiga: Kuva Ku Nyubako kugeza Ku Muntu Uzi Gukora

Igenzura ry'ubuvuzi kuva ku mutwe kugera ku birenge ni ubuhanga bukomeye. Ni amahirwe yawe yo gukoresha ibitekerezo byawe byose kugirango wubake ishusho ihujwe, ihuzuye y'ubuzima bw'umurwayi wawe. Bishobora kugaragara nk'urugero rw'ibintu byinshi kuva mbere, ariko hamwe n'ubuhanga, bizahora biba ngombwa - inzira yihuta, yubaka, ushobora gukora ufite kwizera n'ubuhanga.

Wibuke, buri wese wizihiwe yari umushya. Komeza kwihanga, wubake, kandi ntukareke kugira amatsiko. Ibi bifungurwa by'ibanze bizagufasha gutahura ibibazo hakiri kare, gutanga ubufasha bukomeye, kandi utange ubuzima bwiza cyane ku barwayi bawe.

Witeguye kubishyira mu bikorwa? Tekereza gukora urutonde rwawe rugufi rwa rutonde rw'igenzura kuva ku mutwe kugera ku birenge hanyuma ukore inzira hamwe na mugenzi wawe cyangwa umuryango. Ibyo uzi cyane, niho uzaba ufite ikizere cyinshi. Ufite uko.