Ni Abantu Bangahe Bapfa Burinze Kubera Grippe Burimwaka?

Igihe inkorora ya mbere n'amazuru mwarutse mu gihe cy'impeshyi bigeze, ni ikibazo abantu benshi batekereza: Grippe irakomeye kangana iki? Twese twarayirwaye—ibicurane, imitsi, n'umunaniro bikugwamo icyumweru. Ariko ku bantu bamwe, ni ikintu gikomeye kuruta uburwayi bubabaje. Noneho, ni abantu bangahe bapfa buri mwaka kubera grippe?

Igisubizo nticyagenze ku umubare umwe, uhamye. Ihinduka cyane kuva ku gihembwe kimwe kugera ku kindi. Mu Bwongereza gusa, Ibice by'Abashinzwe Kunyuzwa no Kurwanya Indwara (CDC) by estimations ko grippe yateje hagati ya 12.000 na 52.000 impfu burimwaka mu myaka icumi ishize. Ku isi hose, uko bimeze kurushaho kuba bibabaje. Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w'Ubuzima (WHO) wavuze ko grippe isanzwe itera abantu miliyoni 290.000 kugeza kuri 650.000 impfu zikomoka ku guhumeka burimwaka.

Ayo si amahirwe make. Aba bashyigikira ukuri kwa ngombwa: grippe ni indwara ikomeye, rimwe na rimwe ikica, yandura. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzareba amakuru, tuzasesengura impamvu izo mibare ihinduka cyane, kandi tuzaganira ku buryo bukomeye bwo kwirinda wowe n'ab'iwanyu.

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Kureba Imibare: Impfu za Grippe mu Bwongereza & ku Isi Yose burimwaka

Kugira ngo wumve neza ingaruka za grippe, ni byiza kureba amakuru uko byagiye bihora mu gihe. Imibare y'impfu za grippe burimwaka yerekana ahahinduka buri gihe, bimwe bihembwe bikaba bikomeye cyane kuruta ibindi.

Impfu za Grippe burimwaka mu Bwongereza

CDC ikurikirana uburemere bwa grippe mu Bwongereza ikoresheje sisitemu ya sisitemu ya sisitemu ya sisitemu ya sisitemu. Ibi bitanga ishusho nyayo kuruta kwirimbwa gusa kubibazo by'ikigereranyo by'ikigereranyo. Hano hari ishusho y'impfu za grippe burimwaka mu Bwongereza mu myaka icumi ishize, yerekana neza ubwiyongere buva ku gihembwe kugeza ku kindi.

Igihembwe cya Grippe	Impfu Z'ikigereranyo mu Bwongereza
2010–2011	37.000
2011–2012	12.000
2012–2013	43.000
2013–2014	38.000
2014–2015	51.000
2015–2016	23.000
2016–2017	38.000
2017–2018	52.000
2018–2019	28.000
2019–2020	20.000
2021–2022*	5.000

Ifirosi: CDC: Amakuru y'ibigereranyo by'uburemere bwa grippe mu bihe byashize. Menya ko igihembwe cya 2020-2021 cyari gikomeye cyane (nticyanditswe mu mbonerahamwe nyamukuru kuko cyari kijyanye cyane) n'umubare muke mu 2021-2022, cyatewe cyane cyane n'ingamba zo kuvura n'ubuzima rusange muri gahunda ya COVID-19.

Nk'uko ubikora, igihembwe cya 2017-2018 cyari gikomeye cyane, kivugwa ko cyahitanye abantu 52.000, mu gihe igihembwe cya 2011-2012 cyari cyoroshye cyane. Iki gihinduka ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cya grippe.

Uburyo Tubona Impfu za Grippe Ku Isi Hose

Iyo dukomeje kureba, ingano y'impfu za grippe ku isi hose ni nini. Umubare w'ikigereranyo wa WHO w'abantu 290.000 kugeza kuri 650.000 uhamya ko byihuse impfu zikomoka ku guhumeka. Ariko, ubushakashatsi buvuga ko umubare nyakuri waba ukomeye cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwasohowe muri The Lancet kandi bugaragazwa na Our World in Data bwerekana ko iyo twumvise impfu zikomeza zikomoka ku ngaruka za grippe ku ndwara z'umutima, umubare wose w'impfu za grippe ku isi hose wabaho hafi miliyoni 700.000 burimwaka. Ibi biragaragaza uburyo grippe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mubiri wose, atari ku mapfubiro gusa.

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Kuki Imibare y'Impfu za Grippe Ihinduka Cyane?

Nko kureba imbonerahamwe hejuru, ushobora kwibaza impamvu umubare w'impfu ushobora kuba wibye inshuro eshanu mu mwaka umwe ugereranije n'undi. Iki gihinduka mu rubuga rw'impfu za grippe burimwaka gikomeye giterwa n'impamvu nyinshi zifatanye.

1. Uburyo bwa Grippe Bwiyongereye: Ntabwo hari grippe imwe gusa. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi n'ibice by'ibinyazi bya grippe (nko A/H1N1 na A/H3N2) bikwirakwira burimwaka. Bimwe mu buryo buruta ibindi biba byoroshye cyangwa bikomeye kuruta ibindi. Imibare ya H3N2, kurugero, yahuye n'impfu nyinshi n'ibitaro, cyane cyane ku bakuru (ifirosi).

2. Ubushobozi bwo Kwirinda: Burimwaka, abashakashatsi bakora imiti yo kwirinda grippe ishingiye ku buryo bubiri bw'uko grippe iboneka burimwaka. Rimwe na rimwe iyi kombinaziyo irihuta, kandi imiti irashobora. Indi myaka, virusi ishobora kwihindura cyangwa kwigana nyuma y'uko imiti ikozwe, igabanya ubushobozi bwayo. Ndetse no mu myaka imiti itari myiza, imiti igikomeza gutanga ubwirinzi bw'ibitaro n'impfu (ifirosi).

3. Impinduka zo Kwirinda: Abantu benshi bakora kwirinda, ni uko virusi igabana. Ubu bwoko bw'ubwirinzi bw'abantu benshi (cyangwa "ubwirinzi bw'umuryango") bufasha kwirinda buri muntu, harimo n'abagize ubwoba. Iyo impinduka zo kwirinda zihuta, uburemere bw'uburwayi, harimo n'impfu, bugabana.

4. Ingamba zo Kuvura n'Ubuzima rusange (Inyungu ya COVID): Igihembwe cya grippe cya 2020-2021 cyari gikomeye mu mateka, gifite umubare w'ibibazo n'impfu byagabanutse cyane. Ibi ntibyari uko virusi ya grippe yazimye; ahubwo byari uko ingamba zo kuvura n'ubuzima rusange zakoreshejwe kuri COVID-19—nk'ikimenyetso, kwirinda gusangira n'isuku y'amaboko byari bikomeye cyane mu guhagarika grippe (ifirosi). Iki gihe cyagaragaje ubushobozi bw'uko ibi bikorwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kwirinda grippe. Byongeye kandi, byatumye habaho impuzanyije hagati ya grippe na COVID, bikagaragaza ko impinduka z'ubu bwoko bw'ibinyazi byombi zishobora kwicungwa hamwe n'ingamba z'ubuzima rusange.

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Ikibazo cyo Kwirimbwa: Ni gute Impfu za Grippe Zirimbwa?

Iki ni ikintu gitangaza abantu benshi: imibare mubona ni ikigereranyo, ntabwo ari umubare w'abapfuye. Ni ibintu bidasanzwe ko impapuro z'impfu zivuga "grippe" nk'impamvu nyamukuru y'impfu. Noneho, ni gute impfu za grippe zirimbwa?

Uburyo ni buhinduka. Virus ya grippe ni inyenzi mu gihe ibigomba gushyirwa ku murongo. Yagabanya ubwirinzi bw'umubiri, ikaranga ibindi bibazo byihutirwa by'impfu. Ni ikitandukanye hagati y'impfu zikomoka kuri grippe n'impfu zihuza na grippe.

Tekereza ukuntu:
* Umuntu mukuru arwaye grippe.
* Virus ya grippe yangiza cyane amapfubiro ye, ikabyara ibicurane bikomeye.
* Umurwayi apfa, kandi impapuro z'impfu zivuga "ibicurane" nk'impamvu y'impfu.

Mu gihe cy'ikindi gihe, ubwoba bw'ikintu gisanzwe cy'ubwoba mu kwandura grippe bushobora gutera igitero gikomeye cy'umutima cyangwa indwara yo mu gifu ku muntu ufite indwara zikomeye zo mu mutima. Mu bihe byombi, grippe yari urufatanyo, ariko ntibihabwa "icyubahiro" mu bisubizo by'ibibazo. Mu by'ukuri, impfu za grippe n'ibicurane bikunze guhurizwa hamwe mu mibare y'impfu kuko bifitanye isano gikomeye.

Kugira ngo bakemure iki kibazo cy'umubare muke, ibigo nk'ibi bibaza CDC bikoresha sisitemu zidasanzwe. Bireba "impfu zidasanzwe"—umubare w'impfu hejuru y'umubare usanzwe mu gihe cy'ibiruhuko by'ibitaro n'amakuru afite ikigereranyo cya grippe kugira ngo bashyireho uburemere nyakuri bw'uburwayi (ifirosi). Ubu bwa sisitemu butanga igisubizo cyiza cyane ku kibazo kivuga, "ni abantu bangahe bapfa burimwaka kubera grippe?"

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Ni nde Ufite Ikibazo Cyinshi Cy'Ingaruka za Grippe?

N'ubwo umuntu wese ashobora kwibasirwa cyane na grippe, virusi ntirenganya. Isubizo ku kibazo kivuga "Grippe irakomeye? Ni gute ihitana?" ikibazo gikomeye cyane cyane kubw'imyaka n'ubuzima bwawe. Bimwe mu byiciro byoroheye kugira ingaruka zikomeye nko kubura umwuka, ibicurane, n'ibibazo byo mu gifu, ibishobora kuvamo ibitaro cyangwa impfu.

Hano hari uburyo bugaragaza ni nde ufite ikibazo cyinshi cy'ingaruka za grippe:

• Abantu bakuru bafite imyaka 65 kuzamuka: Sisitemu y'ubwirinzi y'umubiri y'abakuru ntibakora neza ku ndwara, bikaba bimwe mu bice byoroheye kwibasirwa n'ibitaro n'impfu zigenda zikomoka kuri grippe.
• Abana munsi y'imyaka 5, cyane cyane abana munsi y'amezi 6: Abana bakiri bato bafite sisitemu y'ubwirinzi ituzuye. Abana bakiri bato ni bo bagize ubwoba kuko bari bakiri bato cyane ngo bakoreshwe imiti yo kwirinda.
• Abagore batwite: Impinduka z'umubiri mu gihe cy'ubutware zigira ingaruka ku sisitemu y'ubwirinzi, umutima, n'igikoma, bikaba bimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ku bantu batwite ku ndwara ya grippe (ifirosi).
• Abantu bafite indwara zikomeye: Grippe ishobora gutuma ibibazo by'ubuzima bihora bikomeye. Ibi birimo abafite:
  • Astima n'izindi ndwara z'igikoma
  • Indwara z'umutima n'igitero cy'umutima
  • Diyabete
  • Indwara z'impyiko cyangwa iz'umwijima
  • Indwara z'ubwonko
• Abantu bafite sisitemu y'ubwirinzi idakora neza: Ibi birimo abafite HIV/AIDS, abarwayi ba kanseri bakoresha imiti ya kemoterapi, n'abandi bakoresha imiti igabanya ubwirinzi bw'umubiri buri gihe.

Ku bantu bafite ubu bwoko, grippe ishobora guhinduka vuba kuva ku burwayi bushobora kwitabwaho kugira ngo habeho impfu zihutirwa.

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Uburyo Ushobora Gutanga Igisubizo Mu Kwirinda Impfu za Grippe

Imibare ishobora gutera ubwoba, ariko ikintu gikomeye ni uko dufite ibikoresho bikomeye byo kwirinda impfu za grippe. Ibi ni ibikorwa byoroshye, byemejwe byirinda wowe, urugo rwawe, n'abantu bose muri kumwe.

1. Gukoresha Imiti Y'umwaka yo Kwirinda Grippe (Igikoresho Cy'umubare wa 1)

Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kwirinda grippe ni ugukoresha imiti burimwaka. Imiti yo kwirinda grippe ni amahoro kandi ishobora. Ituma sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi irambura kandi igashobora guhangana na virusi. Nubwo itari 100% ibikora, kwirinda bifasha kugabanya cyane ko urwara. Kandi niba wararwaye, uburwayi bwawe buzakomeza kuba bworoheje, bikagabanya cyane ibyago byo kwiramo ibitaro n'impfu (ifirosi).

2. Kwirinda Imikorere myiza

Izi ni amasomo twese twamenye (cyangwa twongera kwiga) mu gihe cy'icyorezo:
* Kwitwaraho amaboko kenshi hamwe n'isabune n'amazi cyangwa ukoresheje isuku y'amazi y'amazi.
* Vunika amaso, izuru, n'akanwa, kuko ariho imyanya y'ubuhumyi ikunda kwinjira.
* Kwikinga iminwa n'imitsi hamwe na kagitabo cyangwa igikoma cyawe.
* Guma mu rugo igihe warwaye kugira ngo utanduza virusi ku bandi.

3. Kwibaza ku miti yo kurwanya virusi

Niba warwaye grippe, cyane cyane niba uri mu kiciro gikomeye, vugana na muganga wawe vuba. Bashobora kukwandikira imiti yo kurwanya virusi nko muri oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Imiti igana ifasha cyane igihe yatangijwe mu masaha 48 mbere y'ibimenyetso byawe bya mbere—bikunze kuba gutangira vuba kwa ibicurane, imitsi, guhinda no kunanuka. Imiti yo kurwanya virusi ishobora gutuma indwara yawe iba nziza, igatindira igihe warwaye, kandi igakumira ingaruka zikomeye (ifirosi).

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Ibisubizo: Kwifashisha Grippe

Noneho, ni abantu bangahe bapfa burimwaka kubera grippe? Abantu benshi. Amajana y'ibihumbi ku isi hose n'ibihumbi icumi mu Bwongereza mu gihe cy'ibihe bisanzwe. Ni virusi ikomeye ifite ingaruka zikomeye ariko zihinduka, kandi uburemere nyakuri bw'impfu ni ikintu gikomeye cyane kubera ingaruka zikomoka kuri grippe.

Imibare ntabwo igamije gutera ubwoba, ahubwo igamije gutanga icyubahiro kuri virusi no gutanga ibikorwa by'ubushobozi. N'ubwo tutashobora guhitamo virusi ya grippe izakwirakwira mu gihe cy'imyaka iri imbere, dushobora guhitamo gutegura ibintu byacu. Tuzi ni nde ufite ikibazo cyinshi cy'ingaruka za grippe, kandi dufite igikoresho gikomeye, gikoreshwa neza cyo kubarinda.

Ntube usuzugura grippe. Irinda wowe n'abantu bose muri kumwe ukora imiti yawe burimwaka yo kwirinda grippe.