Uburyo Bwo Kwipimisha ADHD: Inyandiko Ngufi Yagenewe Abantu Bakuru n'Ababyeyi

Kugira ngo ugire diagose ya ADHD ntibyoroshye nkuko wuzuza inyandiko. Nta moko y'amaraso, ntakigereranyo cy'ubwonko, kandi nta gisuzumwa kimwe gishobora kubyemeza. Diagose ni iy'umuganga - bivuze ko ishingiye ku isuzuma ry'imitsi ryagenwe ry'imyitwarire yawe, amateka, n'uburyo ibimenyetso byawe bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yawe ya buri munsi mu nzego nyinshi z'ubuzima.

Iyi nyandiko iragusobanurira uko inzira ikora, ni nde ufite ububasha bwo kubikora, icyo wakitega mu gihe cy'isuzuma, kandi icyo bikora niba uri umuntu mukuru utigeze wipimisha ubwo wari umwana.

Ni nde Washobora Kwipimisha ADHD

Ntabwo buri mukozi ufite ubuzima bw'imitsi ashoboye kwipimisha ADHD. Ubwoko bukurikira bw'abaganga bashobora gukora isuzuma:

Abaganga b'imitsi bashobora kwipimisha ADHD no gutanga imiti. Muri rusange bakora ikiganiro cy'umuganga kandi bashobora gukoresha ibipimo, ariko benshi ntibakora ibipimo bya neurosiyansi mu buryo burambuye ubwabo.

Abaganga b'ubwonko - cyane cyane abaganga b'imitsi cyangwa abaganga ba neurosiyansi - akenshi batanga amasuzuma arambuye. Bakoresha ibipimo byagenwe by'ubwenge n'imyitwarire, basuzuma indwara zifatanije, kandi bakora raporo y'umuganga y'umuganga.

Abaganga b'imitsi bashobora kwipimisha ADHD, nubwo bakunze kuganirizwa igihe habayeho kwirinda izindi ndwara z'imitsi.

Abaganga ba mbere n'abaganga b'abaporofeseri bashobora kwipimisha ADHD mu bice byinshi, cyane cyane igihe imiterere iroroshye. Bashobora gusubiza ibibazo bikomeye kubabikora.

Abavuzi, abajyanama, n'abakozi b'imyubako akenshi ntibashobora kwipimisha ADHD bonyine, nubwo bashobora kugira uruhare mu gutanga raporo cyangwa gutanga ibitekerezo by'inyongera. Kwipimisha bisaba ubwihugura bw'umuganga n'impamyabumenyi.

Icyo Isuzuma Rikubiyemo Mu Nyukuri

Uburyo bwo kwipimisha ADHD - kubana n'abantu bakuru - ni ikiganiro cy'umuganga gikomoka ku makuru y'inyongera. Hagati aho, isuzuma ryiza rirakenewe ry'amasaha abiri, kandi mu bibazo bikomeye, rishobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi.

Dore icyo isuzuma ryizewe risanzwe ririmo:

Ikiganiro cy'umuganga. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'inzira. Umuganga azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe mu buryo burambuye - iby'ubu n'iby'igihe cyahise - kandi asuzume niba bihuje ibipimo 18 bya DSM 5 mu byiciro bibiri: kutihaza no kwirukanka. Bazakubaza ku myitwarire y'ubwana (ibimenyetso byagombye kuba byarabayeho mbere y'imyaka 12), uko ibimenyetso bigaragazwa mu bice bitandukanye (urugo, akazi, ishuri, imibanire), kandi ingano y'uruhare bifite mu mirimo ya buri munsi. Ikiganiro kinavuga ku mateka yawe yo gutera imbere, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, amateka y'umuryango wawe, uburere bwawe, n'ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge.

Ibisubizo by'ibipimo. Ni inyandiko zateguwe zuzuzwa n'umuntu wasuzumwe kandi kandi n'umuntu umuzi neza - umugore, umubyeyi, murumuna, cyangwa mugenzi we ufite icyizere. Ibisubizo byakoreshejwe cyane birimo ibipimo bya Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS), Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale, na Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS), byakozwe n'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w'Ubuzima (WHO). Ibi bikoresho bihagaraganya ibisubizo byawe ku bantu basanzwe kandi bifasha kumenya ingano y'ibimenyetso. Ntabwo byonyine byo kwipimisha - bifasha ishusho y'umuganga.

Amakuru y'inyongera. Abaganga akenshi bazasaba kuvugana cyangwa gukusanya ibisubizo ku muntu wigeze yitegereza imyitwarire yawe mu gihe kirekire. Kubana, ni umubyeyi n'umwigisha. Kubantu bakuru, bishobora kuba umufasha, umubyeyi wibuka ubwana bwawe, cyangwa inshuti yegereye. Niba nta makuru yinyongera ahari, umuganga ashobora gukoresha inyandiko nk'ibiremezo by'ishuri bya kera, impamyabumenyi, cyangwa amasuzuma y'ubwenge ya mbere kugira ngo yuzuze amateka.

Kwipimisha indwara zifatanije. Iki gitabo ni ingenzi. Igice cy'abana bafite ADHD bafite nibura imwe mu ndwara zifatanije - impagarike, agahinda, imyitwarire yo kwanga, ibibazo by'amasomo, cyangwa autisme. Kubantu bakuru, ibibazo bikunze kugaragara ni impagarike, agahinda, n'ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge. Kubera ko ibimenyetso by'izi ndwara zishobora kwigana ADHD, umuganga agomba kumenya niba ibisa nk'ADHD ari ikindi kintu, cyangwa niba byombi biboneka icyarimwe.

Kwipimisha ubwenge cyangwa neurosiyansi (ntibikenewe). Ntabwo buri susuma ribirimo. Ntabwo bibikenewe kugirango bipimwe. Ariko iyo bikoreshejwe, bitanga amakuru y'ubwenge ku kwibuka, kwibuka akazi, gutunganya amakuru, n'imitsi yo kwihaza. Ibikoresho nk'ikipimo cy'ibintu byo kwibuka (TOVA) cyangwa kwipimisha ubwenge bifite mudasobwa bishobora kongera urwego rw'amakuru, cyane cyane igihe ishusho y'umuganga idahinduka.

Nyuma y'amakuru yose yakusanyijwe, umuganga ashingira kuri byose kandi akemeza niba ibimenyetso bihuje ibipimo bya DSM 5. Kubana munsi ya 17, bivuze ko nibura ibimenyetso bitandatu mu cyiciro kimwe cyangwa byombi biboneka nibura amezi atandatu. Kubantu bakuru 17 n'imyaka irenga, intego ni ibimenyetso bitanu. Muri byose, ibimenyetso bigomba kugaragara mu bice bibiri nibura kandi bigomba gutera imbogamizi mu mirimo - neza ko bidashobora gutera imbogamizi.

Birashoboka Kwiyongera kwa ADHD Uba Ufite Igihe Wakuruze?

Mu by'ukuri, oya. ADHD ni indwara ya neurodevelopmental, bivuze ko itangira mugihe cyo gutera imbere kw'ubwonko mu bwana. DSM 5 isaba ko ibimenyetso byabayeho mbere y'imyaka 12 kugira ngo bipimwe.

Ariko hano hari ukuri: umubare munini w'abantu bakuru bafite ADHD itigeze ishakwa. Amaporo amaze gusuzumwa 6% by'abantu bakuru muri Amerika bafite diagose ya ADHD, kandi igice cyabo cyakuyeho diagose yabo bwa mbere bakuru. Ubushakashatsi bwo muri 2025 bwabonye ko hafi 14% by'abantu bakuru bakoze isuzuma ryiza kuri ADHD ariko batigeze bipimisha.

Abagore bagizwe imbaga nini kuri iki kibazo. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mu bwana, abahungu bipimisha ADHD inshuro 2-3 kuruta abakobwa. Ariko mu burenganzira, umubare ugera kuri 1:1 - ibyo bitanga igitekerezo cyo ko abakobwa bari bararitswe, atari ko bagwira ADHD nyuma. Impamvu zihari ni nziza: abakobwa bakunze kugaragaza ibimenyetso byo kutihaza kuruta ibyo byo kwirukanka, kandi barakoreshejwe kugirango bashyire mu majwi ibibazo byabo, kandi ibimenyetso byabo bikunze kwitirirwa impagarike cyangwa agahinda. Umwanditsi yise iyi miterere 'Miss. Diagose' - igisekuru cy'abagore batamenyekanye kuko ibipimo byo kwipimisha byubatswe cyane cyane ku bushakashatsi ku bahungu.

Nuko rero n'ubwo utashobora mu by'ukuri kwiyongera kwa ADHD uba ufite igihe wakuruze, ushobora rwose kumenya mu mwaka wa 30, 40 cyangwa 55 ko waba wari ufite ibyo byose. Ibimenyetso byari bihari buri gihe. Bashobora kuba baribeshye.

Ibimenyetso Bihamya Kwipimisha

ADHD igaragazwa mu buryo butandukanye kubantu, ariko imiterere imwe imwe igaragara ihagije kugirango yitegwe. Kubijyanye no kutihaza: kugorana gukomeye gufata igihe kirekire ku mirimo, amakosa adateguwe mu kazi cyangwa imirimo ya buri munsi, kugorana gukomeza imishinga, kwibagirwa buri gihe, kubura ibintu kenshi, kwirirwa wibagirwa, no kwibagirwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Kubijyanye no kwirukanka: guhindagurika, guhagarara, kugorana kwishimikira mu bikorwa mu cwema, kuvuga cyane, gusubiza mbere yuko ikibazo kirangira, kugorana gutegereza, no kwirukana abandi.

Icyo gitandukanya ADHD na kwirirwa wibagirwa ni imiterere. Ibimenyetso bigomba kuba bihamye (bigaragara nibura amezi atandatu), bihamye (bigaragara mu bice byinshi by'ubuzima), kandi bibangamira (rwose bikaba mu kugenda - ntabwo ari ibintu bigukunda).

Uburyo Bwo Gutegura Isuzuma

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bizafasha inzira kugenda neza:

Andika ingero zitandukanye z'uburyo ibimenyetso byawe bigira ingaruka ku kazi, ubuzima bwo mu rugo, n'imibanire. Ibivugwa nka "Ndashobora gutakaza ibitekerezo" ntabwo bifasha nk'ibitego bikomeye nk'"Nta mbere ibitekerezo by'ibimenyetso bitatu by'ukwezi kwa nyuma kuko nabonye nabishoboye kubona raporo z'ijoro.

Niba bishoboka, tanga ibikoresho by'ishuri bya kera - ibiremezo, ibitekerezo by'abarimu, ibisubizo by'ibipimo byagenwe. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko ibimenyetso byabayeho kuva mu bwana, bikaba ari ibisabwa kugirango bipimwe.

Saba umufasha, umubyeyi, cyangwa inshuti yegereye niba bifuza kuzuzwa isubizo ry'ibipimo cyangwa kuvugana n'umuganga. Ibyo bihesha ubuzima kandi bifasha mu gusuzuma.

Andika imiti n'ibindi bifasha usanzwe ufata, kimwe n'indi migeregere y'ubuzima bw'imitsi cyangwa ubuvuzi bwambere. Imiti n'indwara bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa nk'ADHD.

Biramamaza kuri tarihi yose yawe - harimo ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge, imyitwarire yo gusinzira, n'ubuzima bwo mu mutima. Umuganga ntabwo ari aho ngo acyebe. Bakenera igishushanyo cyose kugirango bakore diagose yizewe.

Icyakurikira Diagose

Iyo isuzuma rirangiye - muri rusange mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri niba hari ibipimo - uzahabwa ikiganiro cy'ibisubizo. Umuganga azasobanura ibisubizo, yemere ko uhuye n'ibipimo bya ADHD (n'impamvu yacyo), amenya indwara zifatanije, kandi aganire ku buvuzi.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe bukubiyemo umuvuduko w'imiti, ingamba zo kwirinda, n'ubuvuzi. Imvura yo gufasha nk'umuti wa methylphenidate n'imiti ishingiye kuri amphetamine ikomeza kuba ubuvuzi bwiza cyane kuri ADHD, bukora binyuze mu kwiyongera kwa dopamine na norepinephrine mu bwonko. Imvura idahindura nka atomoxetine irahari kubafata imvura idahindura. Ubuvuzi bw'imitsi bwa koperative (CBT) bufasha mu guteza imbere imirimo yo gutegura, gucunga igihe, no guhangana n'ibitekerezo bibi bya nyuma byakomeje nyuma y'imyaka ya ADHD itagenwe.

Diage ntabwo ishyira akadomo kuri igitabo. Ikintu gishya gitangira. Kubantu bakuru benshi, cyane cyane abafite diagose nyuma y'imyaka, kumenya icyo bahanganye ni ubwa mbere igitekerezo cyabo gikomeye.

Mbere yo gutumiza gahunda na muganga, tangira urebe - Koresha test ya August AI yubuntu ya ADHD kandi wicare ufite ibitekerezo by'ukuri kuri wowe.