ADHD ni Uburemajwi? Gusobanukirwa Uburenganzira bwawe n'Ibyo Bisobanura Mu By'ukuri

Igisubizo nticyo ni yego cyangwa oya. Bitewe n'uwo bibaza, mu buhe buryo babibaza, kandi ingano y'uburyo ADHD ibangamiye ubushobozi bwa buri munsi. Mu mategeko, mu buvuzi, no mu bwite, ijambo "uburemajwi" rifite agaciro katari kamwe.

Ibyo Amategeko Avuga Mu By'ukuri

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ADHD ishobora kuba uburemajwi ariko ntibihwamo uburemajwi. Itandukaniro ni ingenzi.

Mu bijyanye na Amategeko Abahuje Uburenganzira Abafite Uburemajwi (ADA) ndetse n'Icyiciro cya 504 cy'Amategeko yo Kwongera Kwemerwa (Rehabilitation Act), uburemajwi bisobanura ubumuga bw'umubiri cyangwa ubwenge bugaragaza imbogamizi ku bikorwa by'ingenzi by'ubuzima kimwe cyangwa byinshi. Ibyo bikorwa by'ingenzi by'ubuzima birimo ibintu nk' kwiga, gusoma, kwibanda, gutekereza, kuvugana, no gukora. Ku bantu benshi bafite ADHD, ibyinshi muri ibyo bibahungabanya.

Ijambo ry'ingenzi hano ni "cyane". Si buri wese ufite ADHD uzagera kuri iryo somo mu maso y'amategeko. Ibyemezo bifatwa ku gishingiro cy'ikirego, kureba ingano y'icyo kibazo gikoma mu nkoma ubushobozi bw'umuntu bwo gukora. Kandi, ibyo kwisuzuma bigomba gukorwa hatitawe ku ngaruka z'imiti cyangwa izindi ngamba zo kwirinda. Kuva umuntu yaba abyitwaramo neza ku miti, ikibazo cyabo cy'ibanze gikishobora kuba uburemajwi.

Ku bana, hari urwego rwiyongereyeho. Amategeko y'Abanyamerika ku buremajwi mu burezi (IDEA) atanga uburinzi mu mashuri. Umwana ufite ADHD ashobora kugirwa Umunyamuryango w'Uburyo bwo Kwiga Bwashyiriweho Umuntu (IEP) niba ikibazo cye gikoma mu nkoma imikorere mu ishuri. Niba ingaruka ari izo mu by'ukuri ariko ntizigere ku rwego rw'uburezi bwihariye, ashobora guhabwa gahunda ya 504 igizwe n'ibyakorwa kugirango bahabwe uburyo bwo kwiga. Ibintu nk'igihe cy'inyongera cyo kwandika, kwicara hafi y'umwarimu, amabwiriza yanditse, cyangwa kujya mu cyumba cy'ibizamini cyacecetse.

Ikintu kimwe cyo kuzirikana: amanota meza ntibyemerera umunyeshuri kwemerwa guhabwa uburyo bwo kwiga. Ubuyobozi bw'ibanze bwabivuze neza. ADHD ishobora kugira imbogamizi ku kwibanda, gutegura, no kurangiza imirimo, na mugenzi wa mwarimu akiri kubona amanota meza. Amategeko areba ikirego cyose, ntabwo ari raporo y'amanota.

ADHD mu mwanya w'akazi

Ku bakuru, ADA niho ibintu bifite akamaro. Niba ADHD igaragara cyane mu kwibanda kwawe, gutegura, kwicunga igihe, cyangwa gukora imirimo shingiro, ushobora kugomba gusabirwa uburyo bwo kwikora ku ruhande rwa boss wawe.

Ibyo byagaragara bite mu bikorwa? Biratandukanye. Bamwe mu buryo busanzwe mu kazi ku bantu bafite ADHD harimo igihe cy'akazi cyihariye ku mirimo itihutirwa, amabwiriza yanditse aho kuvugwa, kwemererwa gukoresha amajwi ahagarika amajwi, aho utegereye cyane, kuganira na boss buri gihe, n'akaruhuko gahoraho ku munsi. Nta na kimwe muri ibi ni impinduka zidasanzwe. Ni ibikorwa bifasha kuringaniza.

Hano hari ikintu abantu bakunze kutamenya: ntugomba kuvuga abakoresha bawe bose iby'uburwayi bwawe. Mu rwego rwa ADA, ugomba kuvuga gusa ku buyobozi bw'abakozi (HR) cyangwa umuyobozi wawe wa hafi, kandi gusa niba usaba uburyo bwo kwikora. Umukoresha wawe afite inshingano yo gushyira icyo gitabo mu ibanga. Ntugomba kandi gutanga ibimenyetso bya ADHD mu buryo runaka - ibaruwa yavuye ku muganga wawe ivuga ko ufite ikibazo kibangamiye ibikorwa by'ingenzi by'ubuzima ni ingenzi.

Icyakora, inzira ntihose iba myiza. Bamwe mu bakozi bagaragaza ko bashyigikiye kuruta abandi. Bamwe mu bayobozi ntibumva neza icyo ADHD ari cyo cyangwa impamvu uburyo bwo kwikora ari ngombwa. Niba uhuye n'ikibazo, Urwego rwa Network rwo Kwishakira (Job Accommodation Network) - serivisi ya Minisiteri y'Umurimo ya Amerika - ni urwego rwiza rwo gusobanukirwa uburenganzira bwawe no kubona inama ku bikurikira.

Wajya mu Gisirikare ufite ADHD?

Serivisi yo mu gisirikare ifite gahunda, ingufu nyinshi, kandi ishingiye ku igenzura - ibintu bisa nk'ibihuje abantu benshi bafite ADHD. Ariko inzira yo kwandikisha yagiye ihagarika ibintu bikagenda bigorana.

Imyaka myinshi, ADHD yari ifatwa nk'ikibazo cyo kwanga mu Rwanda rwose. Abasaba kwiyandikisha bashoboraga kwari bakiriye kwari kuvurwa ku gihe kinini, rimwe na rimwe amezi 24 cyangwa yo hejuru - kandi bagombaga kwerekana ko bashobora gukora mu ishuri no mu kazi badashyigikiwe.

Ibihindutse ku buryo mu gihe cyashize, ariko. Ishami ry'Umunyamabanga muri Minisiteri y'umubare (Department of Defense) ryatangije gahunda yo kwitegura kwinjira mu gisirikare (MARP), yahagaritse ibisabwa by'impinduka ku bibazo 51, harimo ADHD. Ibyo ntibisobanura ko buri wese ufite ADHD ashobora kwandikisha nta kibazo. Ariko bisobanura ko inzira ari ngufi kuruta mbere. Gisirikare kirimo gutangira kwemera ibyo abavuzi benshi bagiye bavuga mu myaka myinshi: ADHD ntibisobanura ko utashobora gukora mu gihe uhangayikishijwe.

Ibyihariye biracyatandukanye mu Rwanda. Ingabo, urugero, muri rusange zishobora gusaba ko umusaba yaba amaze amezi 12 atari mu miti ya ADHD kandi yerekana ko yagize ibisubizo byiza mu ishuri cyangwa mu kazi adashyigikiwe. Indi Rwanda ishobora kuba ifite igihe cyangwa ibisabwa bitandukanye. Igikorwa cyiza ni uguhugurana n'umukoresha mu gihe cyo hambere mu gihe cyo gutangira. Kandi ubunyangamugayo ni ngombwa hano - gutanga amakuru y'ubuvuzi y'ibinyoma mugihe cyo kwiyandikisha ni icyaha gikomeye kandi cyateza kugabanywa cyangwa gukurikiranwa.

Ikindi kintu cyo kuvuga: abasirikare barenga 41.000 bakoresha bafite diagnozi ya ADHD mu 2018.

ADHD Ikomeza Kwiyongera n'Ubusaza?

Iki ni ikindi kibazo abantu bafite ADHD, cyane cyane abafite diagnozi nk'abakuze - bakunze guhangana nacyo. N'igisubizo gikeneye ubuhanga.

ADHD ubwayo ntigomba kwiyongera uko bwije. Ariko uburyo igaragaza mu buzima bwa buri munsi bushobora guhinduka. Ku bana, hyperaktivite yakunze kuba igimenyetso cyagaragaraga cyane - ingendo zidasanzwe, ingorane zo kwicara, kwicuza umubiri. Uko abantu bakuze, iyo hyperaktivite y'umubiri ikunda guceceka. Ariko ntibigenda burundu. Ihinduka mu burinzi. Abakuze bafite ADHD bakunda kuvuga ko bumva akaga mu mutima, ibitekerezo byihuse, cyangwa kwifuza gukora ibintu.

Muri icyo gihe, impande z'ubutazibuka zishobora kugaragara kurushaho uko ubuzima bugenda burushaho gukomera. Kwicunga ingo, kurera abana, kugira akazi ufite inshingano z'imyaka, kugumana n'abavukana - ibi byose bisaba ubwenge bukwirakwiza. Ni naho ADHD igira ingaruka nyinshi. Kuva ikibazo ubwacyo kitarimo kwiyongera, ibyo basabwa ku bwonko bufite ADHD birimo kwiyongera. Impapuro hagati y'ibyo bategeraga n'ibyo bumva bikemera byiyongera.

Ingorane z'insinzirize zongera ikindi cyiciro. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kugeza kuri 70% by'abakuze bafite ADHD bakunda ingorane zo gusinzira, ibishobora kongera ingorane zo kwibanda no kwicunga.

Ni naho impamvu abakuze benshi bagirwa diagnozi nyuma mu buzima. ADHD yabo yari buri gihe, ariko yari yahishijwe, yahuye n'ibindi, cyangwa yahujwe n'ikindi. Iyo ubuzima burushaho kugorana, ingamba zo kwirinda zakoraga mbere ntibyakomeza kuba ngombwa.

Urugero rwa Neurodivergent

Hari ibiganiro byiyongera mu bipimo by'abaganga no hanze yaho ku bijyanye n'uburyo kuvuga ADHD nk'"uburemajwi" ariko gusobanura neza gusubiza. Abantu benshi bafite ADHD bakunda kwisobanura nk'abafite ubwonko butandukanye (neurodivergent). Igitekerezo cyihishe inyuma y'iki ni gikomeye: ubwonko bwa ADHD ntaho bwafite ibibazo. Bwakorewe mu buryo butandukanye. Buvura imbaraga, kwibanda, n'ibihembo mu buryo budahuye n'uko sosiyete yateguwe, ariko ntibibuza ko ari buke.

Kandi hari ibigaragaza by'urwo rugero. Abafite ADHD bakunze kuzana imico nk'ubuhanga, ingufu nyinshi, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira, n'ubushobozi bwo kwikora ku mirimo bakunda. Mu bidukikije by'iburyo, ibi bimenyetso ni iby'ubuhanga bw'ukuri.

Ariko hano hari ikintu impande zombi zishobora kubaho. Kwita ADHD ubwoko bw'ubwihindurize ntibitesha agaciro ingorane nyinshi itera. No kumenya ko ari uburemajwi mu mategeko ntibisobanura kwemera ko wagaragaye. Icyemezo cy'uburemajwi gihari kugira ngo ubone ubufasha - uburyo bwo kwikora, uburinzi, ingamba. Urugero rw'ubwihindurize ruhari kugira ngo rugabanye ibisabwa no guha agaciro umuntu wose.

Nta nubwo imwe igomba gutsinda. Zifite intego zitandukanye, kandi abantu benshi bafite ADHD bahura n'impande zombi mu gihe zitandukanye bitewe n'ibyo bakeneye.

Ibyo Aho Bihagurukana Ntawe?

Kandi niba uri umuntu wagiye wirinda ADHD udashyigikiwe mu myaka myinshi kandi wibaza impamvu ibintu byose bikomeza kumera bikagora kuruta uko bikwiye - nturi kwibeshya. Hari uburyo bwakozwe kugira ngo bufashe. Birakwiriye kubibona.

Ntiwizere niba ingorane zawe ari "busanzwe" cyangwa ikindi kintu? Iyi testi y'ubuntu ya ADHD ya August AI ishobora kugufasha kubimenya.