Umuntu ufite ikibazo cy’imihango idasanzwe aba afite impinduka ugereranyije n’uko imihango ye isanzwe iba. Ibi birimo igihe kitagenda neza, amaraso menshi, cyangwa imihango idaheruka. Abantu benshi bahura n’iki kibazo, kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umubare munini w’abagore bahura n’ikibazo cy’imihango mu myaka yabo yo kubyara. Gusobanukirwa imihango idasanzwe ni ingenzi kubera impamvu nyinshi.

Icya mbere, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’ibibazo by’ubuzima. Imihango isanzwe isanzwe igaragaza ubuzima bwiza bw’imyororokere, mu gihe impinduka zishobora kugaragaza ibibazo nk’ubukungu bw’imisemburo cyangwa ibindi bibazo bikomeye. Icya kabiri, kumenya amoko atandukanye y’imihango idasanzwe—nk’imihango idaheruka (amenorrhea), imihango iza rimwe na rimwe (oligomenorrhea), imihango ibabaza (dysmenorrhea), imihango iza n’amaraso menshi (menorrhagia), kuva amaraso bitunguranye (metrorrhagia), imihango iza kenshi (polymenorrhea), kuva amaraso nyuma yo gucura, na syndrome y’imihango (PMS)—bifasha abantu kumenya ibimenyetso byabo neza.

1. Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea ni ukubura imihango, kandi ishobora gukabikwa mu bwoko bubiri:

1. Amenorrhea y’ibanze: Iki ni ikibazo aho umukobwa atarabona imihango ye ya mbere afite imyaka 16. Bishobora guterwa no kudahuza kw’imisemburo, ibintu by’umutungo, cyangwa ibibazo by’imiterere mu myanya y’imyororokere.

2. Amenorrhea y’uburyo bwa kabiri: Iyi ni yo ndwara igaragara cyane kandi ibaho iyo umugore wari usanzwe afite imihango isanzwe ahagarika imihango amezi atatu cyangwa arenga yikurikiranya. Bishobora guterwa n’ibintu nk’umunaniro, imyitozo ngororamubiri myinshi, kugabanya cyangwa kwiyongera k’uburemere, kudahuza kw’imisemburo (nk’ibibazo by’umwijima cyangwa polycystic ovary syndrome), cyangwa imibereho.

Iki kibazo gishobora gutera ibibazo byo kubyara kandi gishobora kugaragaza ibibazo by’ubuzima. Ubuvuzi biterwa n’intandaro yabyo kandi bushobora kuba harimo ubuvuzi bw’imisemburo, guhindura imibereho, cyangwa kuvura ibibazo by’ubuzima. Ni ingenzi ko abantu bafite amenorrhea bagana umuganga kugira ngo babashe kuvurwa neza.

2. Oligomenorrhea

Oligomenorrhea bivuga imihango iza rimwe na rimwe cyangwa idahwitse, aho imihango iba nyuma y’iminsi irenga 35 ariko itarenze amezi atandatu. Abagore bafite oligomenorrhea bashobora kugira imihango iri munsi y’icyenda mu mwaka, imihango ifite igihe kitandukanye.

Iki kibazo gishobora guterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye, birimo kudahuza kw’imisemburo, umunaniro, imyitozo ngororamubiri myinshi, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ibibazo by’umwijima, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye z’uburemere. Oligomenorrhea ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kubyara, kuko imihango idahwitse ishobora kubangamira ovulation.

Ubuvuzi biterwa n’intandaro yabyo kandi bushobora kuba harimo guhindura imibereho, ubuvuzi bw’imisemburo, cyangwa kuvura ibibazo nk’ibya PCOS. Ni ingenzi gusaba inama y’abaganga kugira ngo babashe kuvurwa neza.

3. Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea bivuga imihango ibabaza, isanzwe irangwa n’ububabare mu nda hasi cyangwa mu kibuno mu gihe cy’imihango. Hari ubwoko bubiri:

1. Dysmenorrhea y’ibanze: Ubu bwoko buzabaho nta kibazo cy’ubuzima, kandi ni bwo bwoko bugaragara cyane bw’ububabare bw’imihango. Isanzwe itangira mu masaha make imihango itangiye kandi ishobora kumara iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 3. Ububabare bwo guterwa no kurekura prostaglandins, bituma umura mu nda ukomera.

2. Dysmenorrhea y’uburyo bwa kabiri: Ubu bwoko buterwa n’ikibazo cy’ubuzima, nko kwangirika kw’imiterere y’umura, fibroids, cyangwa indwara y’uburwayi bw’imiterere y’umura. Ububabare busanzwe butangira hakiri kare mu gihe cy’imihango kandi bushobora kuba bukomeye kandi bukamara igihe kirekire.

Ubuvuzi bwa dysmenorrhea burimo imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti y’imisemburo, cyangwa, mu gihe cya dysmenorrhea y’uburyo bwa kabiri, kuvura ikibazo cy’ubuzima. Niba ububabare bukomeye cyangwa buramara igihe kirekire, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga.

4. Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu kuvuga kuva amaraso menshi cyangwa igihe kirekire, bikamara iminsi irenga 7 cyangwa bikaba bigizwe no kuva amaraso menshi (arenga 80 milliliters kuri cycle). Iki kibazo gishobora kubangamira ibikorwa bya buri munsi kandi gishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk’umunaniro, anemia, n’ububabare mu nda hasi.

Intandaro zisanzwe za menorrhagia zirimo kudahuza kw’imisemburo, fibroids, polyps, endometriosis, cyangwa ibibazo bimwe by’ubuzima nk’ibibazo by’umwijima cyangwa ibibazo byo gukomera kw’amaraso. Mu bihe bimwe, intandaro ishobora kutamenyekana.

Ubuvuzi butandukanye bitewe n’intandaro yabyo kandi bushobora kuba harimo imiti (nk’imiti y’imisemburo cyangwa tranexamic acid), ubuvuzi bukoreshwa buke (nk’endometrial ablation), cyangwa kubaga (nk’ukuramo umura) mu bihe bikomeye. Ni ingenzi kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo babashe kuvurwa neza.

5. Metrorrhagia

Metrorrhagia bivuga kuva amaraso hagati y’imihango, akenshi biba mu bihe bitahwitse. Dore bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi:

• Ibimenyetso: Kuva amaraso make cyangwa menshi hagati y’imihango.

• Intandaro zisanzwe:

  • Kudahuza kw’imisemburo (urugero, PCOS, ikoreshwa ry’imiti igabanya imbyaro)

  • Uterine fibroids cyangwa polyps

  • Endometrial hyperplasia cyangwa indwara zandura

  • Umunaniro cyangwa impinduka z’imibereho

• Intandaro zikomeye zishoboka:

  • Cancer y’umura cyangwa iy’inkondo y’umura

  • Ibibazo by’umura cyangwa ibibazo by’imiterere

• Ubuvuzi bushoboka:

  • Ubuvuzi bw’imisemburo (imiti igabanya imbyaro, IUDs)

  • Imiti igabanya amaraso

  • Ubuvuzi bwo kubaga kubera ibibazo by’imiterere (urugero, gukuraho polyp, endometrial ablation)

Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kuva amaraso utumva impamvu, ni ingenzi kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo babashe kuvura neza.

6. Polymenorrhea

Polymenorrhea bivuga imihango iza kenshi, aho imihango iba mu gihe kiri munsi y’iminsi 21. Iki kibazo gitera kuva amaraso kenshi kandi gishobora gutera uburibwe no kubangamira ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Abagore bafite polymenorrhea bashobora kugira imihango migufi, amaraso menshi, cyangwa byombi, bishobora gutera umunaniro ukomeye w’umubiri n’umutima.

Intandaro zisanzwe za polymenorrhea zirimo kudahuza kw’imisemburo, nko kudahuza kw’estrogen na progesterone, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ibibazo by’umwijima, n’umunaniro mwinshi. Ibibazo by’umura nk’ibya fibroids cyangwa endometrial hyperplasia bishobora kandi gutera imihango iza kenshi. Ubuvuzi busanzwe bugamije kuvura intandaro yabyo, kandi ubuvuzi bushobora kuba harimo imiti y’imisemburo nk’imiti igabanya imbyaro cyangwa IUDs, imiti nk’iya progestin, rimwe na rimwe kubaga kubera ibibazo by’imiterere.

7. Kuva amaraso nyuma yo gucura

Kuva amaraso nyuma yo gucura bivuga kuva amaraso mu gitsina nyuma y’uko umugore amaze gucura, bivugwa ko ari amezi 12 yikurikiranya adafite imihango. Kuva amaraso nyuma yo gucura ntibyumvikana kandi bigomba gukorwaho iperereza n’abaganga.

Intandaro zisanzwe:

• Kudahuza kw’imisemburo: Kugabanuka kw’estrogen bishobora gutera kugabanuka kw’uruganda rw’igitsina, bigatera kuva amaraso make cyangwa menshi.

• Endometrial atrophy: Kugabanuka kw’uruganda rw’umura, bishobora gutera kuva amaraso make cyangwa menshi.

• Endometrial hyperplasia: Kwaguka kw’uruganda rw’umura, akenshi biterwa no kudahuza kw’imisemburo.

• Uterine fibroids cyangwa polyps: ibintu bidatera kanseri mu mura bishobora gutera kuva amaraso.

• Cancer y’inkondo y’umura cyangwa iy’umura: Kuva amaraso nyuma yo gucura bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri y’umura cyangwa iy’inkondo y’umura, nubwo atari uko buri gihe.

Ubuvuzi bushoboka:

• Ubuvuzi bw’imisemburo: imiti ya estrogen kugira ngo igabanye uruganda rw’umura.

• D&C (Dilation and Curettage): Ubuvuzi bwo kubaga bwo gukuraho ibintu bidakwiye mu mura.

• Hysteroscopy: Ubuvuzi bwo kureba imbere mu mura no gukuraho polyps cyangwa fibroids.

• Imiti: Imiti ya progestin yo kuvura endometrial hyperplasia.

Kuva amaraso nyuma yo gucura bigomba gukorwaho iperereza n’abaganga kugira ngo habeho kwirinda ibibazo bikomeye, birimo kanseri. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura ni ingenzi mu kuvura neza.

8. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) ni ubwumvikane bw’ibimenyetso by’umubiri, iby’umutima, n’imyitwarire bibaho mu byumweru bibiri mbere y’uko umugore abona imihango. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane mu bukomeye kandi birimo kubyimbagira, kubabara amabere, umunaniro, kubabara umutwe, guhinduka kw’imitekerereze, kurakara, no guhinduka mu kurya cyangwa gusinzira. Kuri benshi mu bagore, PMS ishobora kubangamira ibikorwa bya buri munsi, ikagira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo bwite n’ubw’akazi.

Intandaro nyayo ya PMS ntiyumvikana neza, ariko bizwi ko bifitanye isano no guhinduka kw’imisemburo, cyane cyane guhinduka kw’estrogen na progesterone mu gihe cy’imihango. Ibindi bintu bishobora gutera PMS birimo umunaniro, indyo mbi, kubura imyitozo ngororamubiri, n’amateka y’umuryango wa PMS cyangwa ibibazo by’umutima bifitanye isano.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo guhindura imibereho, gucunga umunaniro, imiti nk’imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti igabanya imbyaro, cyangwa imiti yo kuvura ibibazo by’umutima, ndetse n’imiti y’imirire nk’iya calcium cyangwa magnesium kugira ngo bigabanye ibimenyetso.

Ibintu by’ingenzi

• Imihango idasanzwe ishobora kugaragaza ibibazo by’ubuzima: Impinduka nk’imihango idaheruka, amaraso menshi, cyangwa imihango idahwitse ishobora kugaragaza kudahuza kw’imisemburo cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima nk’ibya PCOS, ibibazo by’umwijima, cyangwa kanseri.

• Kujya kwa muganga ku gihe ni ingenzi: Kumenya ibimenyetso by’imihango idasanzwe hakiri kare bishobora gutuma ubuvuzi bugenda neza, kuvurwa hakiri kare, no kugira ubuvuzi bwiza.

• Ubuvuzi butandukanye bitewe n’intandaro yabyo: Bitewe n’ikibazo kiri inyuma, ubuvuzi butandukanye kuva mu guhindura imibereho no kuvura imisemburo kugeza ku kubaga.

Ibibazo bisanzwe

1. Ni iki PMS?
   PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) bivuga ubwumvikane bw’ibimenyetso by’umubiri, iby’umutima, n’imyitwarire bibaho mbere y’uko umugore abona imihango.

2. Ni iki giterwa na PMS?
   PMS bizwi ko biterwa no guhinduka kw’imisemburo, umunaniro, indyo mbi, kubura imyitozo ngororamubiri, n’amateka y’umuryango w’ibimenyetso nk’ibi.

3. PMS ishobora kuvurwa gute?
   PMS ishobora kuvurwa binyuze mu guhindura imibereho, gucunga umunaniro, imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti y’imisemburo, n’imiti y’imirire nk’iya calcium na magnesium. Kumenya hakiri kare no kujya kwa muganga bituma ubuvuzi bugenda neza.