Akromegali ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Akromegali ni indwara idasanzwe y’imisemburo iterwa no kuba umubiri wawe utanga imisemburo myinshi y’ubukure, cyane cyane mu gihe umaze gukura. Iyi misemburo y’ubukure inyuranye ituma amagufa yawe, imyanya y’umubiri, n’imigongo bikura bikaba binini kurusha uko bikwiye, bigatuma habaho impinduka ziboneka ku mubiri mu gihe gito.

Nubwo iyi ndwara igaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 3 kugeza kuri 4 kuri miliyoni buri mwaka, gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso byayo no kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye bishobora kugufasha kuyigenzura neza. Impinduka zikunze kuba buhoro buhoro, bisobanura ko kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bya muganga bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu mibereho yawe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya akromegali?

Ibimenyetso bya akromegali bigenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi, ariyo mpamvu akenshi bitagira icyo bivuze mu ntangiriro. Umubiri wawe uhinduka buhoro buhoro ku buryo ushobora kutamenya, kandi n’abavandimwe bawe n’inshuti zanyu bashobora kutamenya.

Dore impinduka ziboneka ku mubiri ushobora guhura nazo:

• Amaboko n’amaguru byaguka, bigatuma impeta zikomerera kandi inkweto zikaba zitagikwiranye
• Imbera y’isura iba ikomeye, harimo umunwa munini, izuru, n’ubuso
• Ururimi rwawe rukura, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kuvuga no guhumeka
• Uruhu rurakomeye, rurashya, kandi rugira ibibara by’uruhu
• Ububiko bugenda buva hagati y’amenyo yawe uko umunwa wawe ugenda ukura
• Ijwi ryawe rihinduka rikaba riremye kandi ridafite imbaraga

Uretse impinduka ziboneka ku mubiri, ushobora kandi kubona ibindi bimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku kuntu wumva buri munsi. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo kubabara cyane umutwe, kubabara no gukomera mu ngingo, umunaniro udashira nubwo uruhuka, no gukonja cyane nubwo utari gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibibazo byo kubona, cyane cyane kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu biri ku mpande, kuko igituntu gitera akromegali gishobora gukanda ku bice by’ubwonko biri hafi.

Ni iki gitera akromegali?

Akromegali iterwa hafi ya hose n’igituntu kitagira akaga kiri mu gice cy’ubwonko gishinzwe gukora imisemburo, cyitwa pituitary adenoma. Iki gituntu gito gitanga imisemburo myinshi y’ubukure, bikabangamira uko imisemburo y’umubiri ikorana.

Igice cy’ubwonko gishinzwe gukora imisemburo, gifite ubunini bungana n’ikaramu, kiba hasi y’ubwonko kandi gisanzwe gitanga umwanya ukwiye w’imisemburo y’ubukure. Iyo igituntu cyabaye, gikora nk’umuyoboro w’amazi utashobora gufungwa, ukomeza gushyira imisemburo myinshi mu maraso.

Mu bihe bidafite akenshi, akromegali ishobora guterwa n’ibituntu biri mu bindi bice by’umubiri, nko mu kibuno cyangwa mu mpyiko, bikora imisemburo itera ubwonko gukora imisemburo myinshi y’ubukure. Ibi bituntu bituma igice cy’ubwonko gishinzwe gukora imisemburo gikora imisemburo myinshi y’ubukure, bigatuma habaho ibyavuye mu mpera.

Impamvu nyayo ituma ibi bituntu bya pituitary biba ntabwo imenyekanye neza. Ntabwo birakomoka ku miryango mu bihe byinshi, kandi ntibigaragara ko biterwa n’icyo wakoze cyangwa utarakora.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera akromegali?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ubona impinduka buhoro buhoro ku isura yawe, cyane cyane niba amaboko yawe, amaguru, cyangwa imbera y’isura bigaragara ko bikura. Kubera ko izi mpinduka ziba buhoro buhoro, birafasha kugereranya amafoto aherutse gufatwa n’ayafashwe mu myaka myinshi ishize.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite umutwe ubabara buri gihe, impinduka zo kubona, cyangwa kubabara mu ngingo bitazwi icyabiteye. Ibi bimenyetso, hamwe n’impinduka ziboneka ku mubiri, bisaba ko uhabwa ubuvuzi vuba.

Ibibazo byo kuryama, cyane cyane niba umukunzi wawe abona ko urarira cyane cyangwa uhagarika guhumeka mu gihe uryama, ni indi mpamvu ikomeye yo gushaka ubuvuzi. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba ibi bimenyetso bifitanye isano na akromegali cyangwa ikindi kibazo.

Wibuke ko kuvurwa hakiri kare no kubona ubuvuzi bishobora gukumira ibibazo byinshi bifitanye isano na akromegali. Niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe ku mubiri wawe, gira icyo ukora kandi uganire n’umuganga.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya akromegali?

Akromegali igaragara ku bagabo n’abagore kimwe kandi ikunze kugaragara hagati y’imyaka 30 na 50, nubwo ishobora kugaragara mu myaka yose. Iyi ndwara ntigaragara mu miryango mu bihe byinshi, bisobanura ko kuba ufite umuryango ufite akromegali ntibyongera ibyago byawe cyane.

Nta bintu byihariye byo mu mibereho cyangwa imyitwarire byongera ibyago byo kurwara akromegali. Ibituntu bya pituitary biterwa n’iyi ndwara bigaragara ko biba ku bushake, nta mpamvu zishobora kwirindwa.

Mu bihe bidafite akenshi, akromegali ishobora kuba igice cy’indwara zikomoka ku mpfuruka nk’iya Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 cyangwa McCune-Albright syndrome. Ariko, ibi bigize munsi ya 5% by’ibintu byose bya akromegali.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa na akromegali?

Utabonye ubuvuzi, akromegali ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima bigenda bigaragara mu gihe. Gusobanukirwa ibi bibazo bigufasha gusobanukirwa impamvu kuvurwa hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwawe bw’igihe kirekire.

Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara bigira ingaruka ku mutima n’imijyana y’amaraso. Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso ugaragara hafi muri kimwe cya kabiri cy’abantu barwaye akromegali, kandi umutima wawe ushobora gukura, ukaba utakora neza. Bamwe mu bantu barwara diyabete kuko imisemburo y’ubukure inyuranye ibangamira uko umubiri wawe ukoresha insuline.

Ibibazo by’ingingo ni byinshi kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe. Ububiko bwawe bushobora gukura kandi bugapfa imbaraga, bigatuma habaho uburwayi bw’ingingo no kubabara buri gihe, cyane cyane mu mugongo, mu kibuno, no mu mavi.

Kuryama nabi bigira ingaruka ku bantu benshi barwaye akromegali kandi bishobora kuba bibi niba bitavuwe. Imigongo ikomeye mu muhogo no mu rurimi ishobora kubangamira inzira y’umwuka mu gihe uryama, bigatuma uburwayi bwo kuryama nabi n’umuvuduko w’umutima.

Ibibazo byo kubona bishobora kubaho niba igituntu cya pituitary gikura kigera aho gikanda ku mitsi y’amaso. Ibi bikunze gutera kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu biri ku mpande, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga neza cyangwa kugenda neza.

Inkuru nziza ni uko kuvurwa neza bishobora gukumira ibibazo byinshi kandi bikaba byanagaruka, cyane cyane iyo byafashwe hakiri kare.

Akromegali imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya akromegali bisanzwe bikubiyemo ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo harebwe urwego rw’imisemburo y’ubukure n’urwego rw’imisemburo ya insulin-like growth factor 1. Muganga wawe azatangira ayo bizamini niba akeka ko ufite akromegali ashingiye ku bimenyetso byawe no gusuzuma umubiri wawe.

Kubera ko urwego rw’imisemburo y’ubukure ruhinduka uko umunsi ugenda, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ikizamini cyo kwihanganira isukari. Uzanywa umuti usukari, hanyuma amaraso yawe azapimwa kugira ngo harebwe niba urwego rw’imisemburo y’ubukure rugabanuka nk’uko bikwiye, ibyo bikwiye kubaho ku bantu bazima.

Iyo ibizamini by’amaraso byemeza ko hari imisemburo y’ubukure inyuranye, uzakenera ibizamini byo kureba aho ikibazo kiri. MRI y’ubwonko ishobora kugaragaza ibituntu bya pituitary, mu gihe ibindi bizamini bishobora kuba bikenewe niba igituntu kiri ahandi mu mubiri wawe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gupima uko ubona n’ibindi bibazo by’imisemburo, kuko ibituntu bya pituitary rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gukora ibindi misemburo ikomeye nka cortisol cyangwa imisemburo ya thyroid.

Ubuvuzi bwa akromegali ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa akromegali bugamije kugabanya urwego rw’imisemburo y’ubukure kugira ngo rugere ku rugero rusanzwe no gucunga ibimenyetso. Uburyo buhariye biterwa n’ubunini n’aho igituntu kiri, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n’ibyo ukunda.

Kubaga ni ubuvuzi bwa mbere, cyane cyane ku bituntu bito bya pituitary. Umuganga w’inzobere mu kubaga ubwonko ashobora gukura igituntu binyuze mu mazuru akoresheje uburyo buto bwitwa transsphenoidal surgery. Ubu buryo butanga ibisubizo byihuse kandi byoroshye.

Imiti ishobora kugira akamaro cyane, cyane cyane niba kubaga bitashoboka cyangwa ntibigabanye urwego rw’imisemburo neza. Aya miti akora mu buryo butandukanye - amwe abuza imisemburo y’ubukure kugera ku bice by’umubiri, andi agabanya gukora imisemburo mu gituntu ubwayo.

Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire ishobora kugerwaho niba kubaga n’imiti bitagenzura urwego rw’imisemburo neza. Nubwo imirasire ikora buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi, ishobora kugira akamaro cyane mu kugenzura igihe kirekire.

Gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa izaba ikubiyemo itsinda ry’inzobere, harimo umuganga w’inzobere mu ndwara z’imisemburo n’umuganga w’inzobere mu kubaga ubwonko. Gukurikirana buri gihe byemeza ko ubuvuzi bwawe bukora neza kandi bigafasha kumenya impinduka hakiri kare.

Uko wakwitwara murugo ufite akromegali

Kwitwara murugo ufite akromegali bikubiyemo kunywa imiti yawe buri gihe no gukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe neza. Andika uko wumva, harimo urwego rw’ingufu, kubabara mu ngingo, n’impinduka zose ziboneka ku mubiri wawe.

Imikino ngororamubiri ishobora kugufasha kugumana ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza no gucunga ibimenyetso bimwe, nubwo ukwiye kuganira n’umuganga wawe ku mikino ikwiye. Koga no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroshye akenshi ari byiza kuko bidashyira umuvuduko mwinshi ku ngingo zaguka.

Niba ufite ibibazo byo kuryama bifitanye isano na akromegali, gukoresha imashini ya CPAP nk’uko byategetswe bishobora kunoza cyane ubuzima bwawe bwo kuryama n’ingufu. Kugira gahunda yo kuryama buri gihe bigira uruhare mu kuruhuka kw’umubiri wawe no gukira.

Gucagura ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso biba ingenzi cyane iyo ufite akromegali. Kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe ku bijyanye n’imirire, imiti, no gukurikirana ibi bibazo neza.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Mbere yo gusura muganga, kora urutonde rw’amafoto yawe yafashwe mu bihe bitandukanye, byaba byiza kuba byafashwe mu myaka myinshi ishize. Ibi bigereranyo by’amashusho bishobora gufasha muganga wawe kubona impinduka zishobora kuba zitaraboneka mu gihe cy’isura rimwe.

Kora urutonde rwuzuye rw’ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe wabimenye bwa mbere n’uko byahindutse mu gihe. Harimo ibibazo bisa ntibifitanye isano nka kubabara umutwe, kubabara mu ngingo, cyangwa ibibazo byo kuryama, kuko byose bishobora kuba bifitanye isano na akromegali.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti n’ibindi byongera imbaraga ukoresha, hamwe n’andi makuru y’ubuvuzi ashobora kuba afite akamaro. Niba uherutse gupima amaraso, zana ibyavuye muri ayo bizamini.

Tegura kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti yizewe izagufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye no kugufasha mu gihe cy’isura. Bashobora kandi kubona impinduka ziboneka ku isura yawe utari warigeze ubona.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri akromegali

Akromegali ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa iyo imenyekanye kandi ivuwe neza. Nubwo impinduka ziboneka ku mubiri zishobora kuba ziteye impungenge, ubuvuzi bukoreshwa neza bushobora kugenzura urwego rw’imisemburo no gukumira ibibazo bikomeye.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bigatanga umusaruro mwiza. Niba ubona impinduka buhoro buhoro ku isura yawe cyangwa ugira ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kubabara umutwe no kubabara mu ngingo, ntutinye kubiganiraho n’umuganga wawe.

Ubufasha bw’abaganga, abantu benshi barwaye akromegali bashobora kubona ubuzima busanzwe kandi bwiza. Ubuvuzi bwateye imbere cyane mu myaka ishize, butanga uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa mu kugenzura iyi ndwara.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri akromegali

Ese akromegali irashobora gukira burundu?

Abantu benshi barwaye akromegali bashobora kugera ku rugero rusanzwe rw’imisemburo y’ubukure babonye ubuvuzi bukwiye, bagacunga neza iyi ndwara. Nubwo impinduka zimwe ziboneka ku mubiri zishobora kubaho iteka, ubuvuzi bushobora gukumira ko zikomeza kandi bugatuma ibimenyetso byinshi bigabanuka. Kubaga rimwe na rimwe bishobora gukiza burundu, cyane cyane ku bituntu bito.

Ese akromegali ibabaza?

Akromegali ishobora gutera kubabara cyane mu ngingo no kubabara umutwe, ariko ibi bimenyetso bikunze kugenda neza iyo havuwe. Kubabara mu ngingo bisanzwe biterwa no gukura kw’ububiko n’impinduka zisa n’iz’uburwayi bw’ingingo, mu gihe kubabara umutwe bishobora guterwa n’igituntu cya pituitary ubwayo. Gucunga ububabare ni igice cy’ingenzi cyo kuvura neza.

Ibimenyetso bigaragara mu gihe kingana gute?

Ibimenyetso bya akromegali bikunze kugaragara buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi, ariyo mpamvu iyi ndwara akenshi itaboneka mu gihe kirekire. Mu buryo bwa rusange, abantu bagira ibimenyetso mu myaka 7 kugeza kuri 10 mbere yo kubona ubuvuzi. Iyi mpinduka buhoro buhoro bituma byoroshye kwirengagiza impinduka zo mu ntangiriro nk’uko gusa umuntu agakura.

Isura yanjye izagaruka mu buryo busanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Impinduka zimwe zishobora kugenda neza iyo havuwe, cyane cyane kubyimbagira kw’imigongo, ariko impinduka z’amagufa nko gukura kw’amaboko, amaguru, n’imbera y’isura akenshi biba iteka. Ariko, guhagarika gukura kw’izi mpinduka ni ingenzi mu gukumira ibibazo no kunoza imibereho.

Nshobora kubyara niba mfite akromegali?

Yego, abantu benshi barwaye akromegali bashobora kubyara, nubwo iyi ndwara ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kubyara mu bihe bimwe. Ibituntu bya pituitary rimwe na rimwe bishobora kubangamira imisemburo y’imyororokere, ariko ibi bishobora gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi. Gana itsinda ry’abaganga kugira ngo umenye uburyo bwiza bwo kubyara.