Allergie ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Allergie ibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwakabije ku bintu bisanzwe bidakora nabi nka pollen, umukungugu, cyangwa ibindi bintu runaka. Tekereza ko uburyo bwo kwirinda umubiri wawe ari bwoko bw'ubwenge kandi butanga umuburo mu gihe nta kintu cy'akaga kiriho.

Ubu buryo bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butera ibimenyetso bishobora kuva ku guhinda umunwa kugeza ku bimenyetso bikomeye. Abanyamerika bagera kuri miliyoni 50 bahura n'allergie buri mwaka, bituma iba imwe mu ndwara zidakira zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo.

Allergie ni iki?

Allergie ni uburyo budahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibeshye ku kintu kibona ko ari cyo kibangamira, nubwo mu by'ukuri kitaba kibangamira. Iyo uhuriye n'allergène, umubiri wawe utanga antikorps yitwa immunoglobulin E (IgE) ituma habohoka ibintu nka histamine.

Ibi bintu biterwa n'ibimenyetso bidashimishije uba ufite mu gihe cy'allergie. Umubiri wawe ufatana kimwe pollen nka virusi cyangwa bagiteri, ugakora igikorwa cyo kwirinda.

Inkuru nziza ni uko nubwo allergie ishobora guhangayikisha, ishobora kuvurwa neza ukoresheje uburyo bukwiye n'ubuvuzi.

Ibimenyetso by'Allergie ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso by'allergie bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'icyo uri allergique kuri cyo n'uburyo umubiri wawe ubikira. Reka turebe ibimenyetso bisanzwe umubiri wawe ushobora kugaragaza ko ufite allergie.

Ibimenyetso byo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero bikunze kugaragara mbere kandi birimo:

• Kuhinda umunwa, cyane cyane mu gihe uhindura inshuro nyinshi
• Kuzana amazuru cyangwa gufunga amazuru hamwe n'imyanda isobanutse
• Amaso y'inzoka, y'amazi ashobora kugaragara atukura
• Kubabara mu mazuru
• Kukorora, cyane cyane igihe utari ukonje
• Guhumeka bigoranye cyangwa guhumeka nabi

Ibimenyetso ku ruhu ni ubundi buryo busanzwe allergie igaragara:

• Ukwishima (ibibyimba byuzuye, bikurura ku ruhu rwawe)
• Kuzamuka kwa eczema hamwe n’ibice byumye, bikurura
• Kubyimbagira hafi y’amaso, iminwa, cyangwa mu maso
• Ukwishima, umututu utukura ushobora gukwirakwira

Ibimenyetso byo mu gifu bishobora kubaho kubera allergie z’ibiribwa, birimo:

• Kubisumira cyangwa kubabara mu nda
• Kuruka cyangwa guhitamo
• Kubyimbagira cyangwa imyuka

Uruhare rwinshi rw’allergie rugira uburemere buke kugeza hagati kandi rusubiza neza ku ivura. Ariko rero, bamwe bashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwa muganga vuba.

Ni izihe mpuzanzira z’allergie?

Allergie zifite uburyo butandukanye, butewe n’ibintu byihariye. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko ufite bishobora kugufasha gucunga ibimenyetso byawe neza.

Allergie z’ibihe (bizwi kandi nka hay fever cyangwa allergic rhinitis) bitewe n’ibintu byangiza ibidukikije nka pollen y’ibiti mu mpeshyi, pollen y’ibyatsi mu mpeshyi, na pollen ya ragweed mu gihe cy’igwa. Ibi bikunze kuza no kugenda bitewe n’ibihe.

Allergie z’umwaka wose zikomeza umwaka wose kuko ziterwa n’ibintu byangiza imbere mu nzu nka utudutsi tw’umukungugu, ubwoya bw’amatungo, imyeyo, cyangwa imyanda y’inzige. Ushobora kubona ko ibi bimenyetso bibi kurushaho mu byumba bimwe cyangwa inyubako.

Allergie z’ibiribwa zireba uburyo bw’umubiri wawe uhangana n’ibintu byihariye biri mu biribwa. Ibyangiza cyane ni amata, amagi, amasha, imyumbati, amafi, imboga zo mu nyanja, ingano, na soya.

Allergie z’imiti zishobora kuvuka kubera imiti nka penicillin, aspirine, cyangwa izindi miti y’amabwiriza. Izi ngaruka zishobora kuva ku kwishima ku ruhu kugeza ku ngaruka zikomeye.

Allergie zo guhuza bibaho iyo uruhu rwawe ruhuye n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe nka poison ivy, nickel iri mu bijyanye, latex, cyangwa ibicuruzwa byo kwisiga n’ibikoresho byo gusukura.

Allergie zo guterwa n’udusimba bibaho iyo umubiri wawe udashobora kwihanganira uburozi bw’inyuki, inzuki, inzuki nini, ibinini by’inzuki, cyangwa inzuki z’umuriro.

Ese ibyo bituma habaho allergie?

Allergie zigaragara iyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwibeshye bugatwara ibintu bitagira akaga nk’ibintu bibangamira ubuzima. Impamvu nyayo y’ibyo bibaho ntabwo imenyekanye neza, ariko abashakashatsi bamaze kumenya ibintu byinshi bibitera.

Uburanga bufite uruhare runini mu kumenya ibyago byo kurwara allergie. Niba umwe mu babyeyi bawe afite allergie, ufite amahirwe agera kuri 25% yo kuzirwara nawe. Niba ababyeyi bombi bafite allergie, ibyago byawe bizamuka bigera kuri 60-70%.

Ibintu byo mu kirere mu buto bwa mbere bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere rya allergie. Kumenya ibintu bitera allergie igihe ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugikura bishobora gutuma ushobora kurwara allergie nyuma yaho.

Igitekerezo cy’isuku kivuga ko kuba mu midugudu ikeye cyane bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara allergie. Iyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budahura n’imikoro myinshi mu buzima bwa mbere, bushobora kwiruka ku bintu bitagira akaga.

Kuzunguzwa kw’ikirere n’imibereho bishobora kandi gutera allergie. Uturere two mu mijyi dufite umwuka mubi cyane dufitanye isano n’ubwiyongere bw’allergie.

Bimwe mu bintu bitera allergie bitakunda kugaragara birimo imiti imwe n’imwe, gukora imirimo ifitanye isano n’ibintu byangiza cyangwa umukungugu, ndetse no guhangayika, bishobora kurushaho kuba mbi ku barwaye allergie.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera allergie?

Wagombye kuvugana n’umuganga mu gihe ibimenyetso bya allergie bigutera ibibazo mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi cyangwa ntibigenda neza n’imiti ivurwa mu rugo. Abantu benshi bagerageza kwihangana, ariko nta mpamvu yo kubabara ubusa.

Tegura gahunda yo kujya kwa muganga mu gihe ufite ibimenyetso biramba nk’ubunini bw’amazuru buhoraho, guhumana kenshi, cyangwa kubabara kw’uruhu bikomeza iminsi irenga mike. Muganga ashobora kugufasha kumenya icyo gikurera allergie no gukora gahunda yo kuvura ikubereye.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga byihuse niba ufite ibimenyetso byo kwirwara bikomeye (anaphylaxis):

• Gukomeretsa guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye
• Kubyimbagira mu maso, ku minwa, ku rurimi, cyangwa mu muhogo
• Gutera umutima cyangwa gucika intege
• Uruhu rwose rw’ibicurane cyangwa indwara y’uruhu ikomeye
• Kugira isesemi, kuruka, cyangwa guhitamo nyuma yo guhura n’ibintu bizwi ko bitera allergie
• Kumva ko hafi gupfa cyangwa guhangayika cyane

Ntuzuzagere kuri 911 niba ukeka ko ufite anaphylaxis. Iyi ni uburwayi bukomeye busaba kuvurwa byihuse hakoreshejwe epinephrine n’ubuvuzi bw’abaganga.

Ugomba kandi kujya kwa muganga niba utari uzi icyateye allergie yawe, kuko kumenya neza icyateye allergie ni ingenzi mu kuyirwanya.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara allergie?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara allergie, nubwo kuba ufite ibyago ntibihamya ko uzayirwara. Kubyumva bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda aho bishoboka.

Amateka y’umuryango ni yo ntandaro ikomeye y’allergie. Niba allergie iri mu muryango wawe, ni byoroshye ko nawe uzayirwara, nubwo ushobora kuba ufite allergie ku bintu bitandukanye n’abavandimwe bawe.

Ibintu bijyanye n’imyaka na byo bigira uruhare. Abana ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara allergie ziterwa n’ibiribwa, mu gihe allergie ziterwa n’ibidukikije zikunze kugaragara bwa mbere mu bwana cyangwa mu bwangavu. Ariko rero, ushobora kurwara allergie nshya mu myaka yose.

Kugira izindi ndwara ziterwa na allergie byongera ibyago byo kurwara izindi allergie. Niba ufite asma, eczema, cyangwa allergie ziterwa n’ibiribwa, ni byoroshye ko uzagira izindi allergie.

Ibihingwa by’ibidukikije mu bihe by’ingenzi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku byago byawe:

• Kuvuka mu bihe by’ubukungu bw’ibyatsi byinshi bitera allergie
• Kumenya itabi hakiri kare
• Kuba mu turere dufite umwanda mwinshi
• Kunywa imiti ya antibiyotike kenshi mu bwana

Ibintu bijyanye n’akazi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira allergie runaka. Abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubuzima bafite umubare munini w’allergie ya latex, mu gihe ababakazi bakunze kugira allergie y’ifu, kandi abafata inyamaswa bashobora kugira allergie kuri poroteyine z’inyamaswa.

Ubushakashatsi bumwe buragaragaza ko abantu bafite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira allergie, nubwo umubano uri hagati yabyo ari ugutera imbere kandi ukiri kwiga.

Ni iki gishobora kuba ingaruka mbi z’allergie?

Nubwo ubwinshi bw’ibimenyetso bya allergie biba bishobora kuvurwa, allergie itabonye ubuvuzi cyangwa ikomeye rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi zigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe n’imibereho yawe. Reka turebe icyo ukwiye kumenya.

Anaphylaxis ni yo ngaruka mbi ikomeye, nubwo ari nke. Iyi allergie ikomeye, igira ingaruka ku mubiri wose ishobora kubaho mu minota mike nyuma yo kwandura kandi ishobora guhitana umuntu idakize ako kanya hakoreshejwe epinephrine.

Gutera kwa asthme cyangwa kuba kibi bifitanye isano ya hafi na allergie, cyane cyane izikomoka ku bidukikije. Abantu benshi bafite allergie y’amazuru amaherezo barwara asthme, kandi asthme isanzwe ishobora kuba ikomeye iyo allergie idakize neza.

Sinusitis ikomeye ishobora kubaho iyo allergie y’amazuru itera kubabara mu mazuru igihe kirekire. Ibi bituma umuntu ahora afite umunwa, afite umutwe, kandi agira ibyago byinshi byo kwandura mu mazuru bishobora gusaba kuvurwa na antibiyotike.

Indwara ziterwa n’izindi ndwara zishobora kubaho iyo ibimenyetso bya allergie byangiza ubwishingizi bw’umubiri:

• Indwara z’uruhu ziterwa no gukuna eczema cyangwa uruhu
• Indwara z’amatwi ziterwa no guhora ufite umunwa
• Indwara z’amazuru ziterwa no gufunga inzira y’amazi

Kubura ibitotsi ni ikibazo gisanzwe ariko akenshi kirengerwa. Guhindagurika kw’izuru, inkorora, no gukorora bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe bwo kuryama, bigatuma unaniwe mu gihe cy’umunsi kandi ugakora ibintu bigoranye.

Ingaruka ku mibereho zishobora kuba zikomeye. Allergie ikomeye y’ibiribwa ishobora kugabanya ibikorwa by’imibereho, mu gihe allergie y’ibidukikije ishobora kubuza ibikorwa hanze mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by’umwaka.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ibyinshi muri ibyo bibazo bishobora gukumirwa cyangwa kugabanywa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura allergie no kuvugana buri gihe n’abaganga bawe.

Allergie zishobora gukumirwa gute?

Nta buryo bwose bwo gukumira allergie gutera, cyane cyane niba ufite amateka yabyo mu muryango, ariko hari ingamba nyinshi zishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago cyangwa kugabanya ibimenyetso igihe allergie imaze kubaho.

Ingamba zo mu bwana zishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago bya allergie mu bana:

• Konsa umwana amabere byibuze amezi ane ya mbere y’ubuzima
• Gutangira guha umwana ibiryo bishobora gutera allergie buhoro buhoro hagati y’amezi 4-6 (mu buyobozi bw’abaganga b’abana)
• Kwirinda umwotsi w’itabi mu gihe cyo gutwita no nyuma yo kubyara
• Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’antibiyotike ritari ngombwa mu bwana

Guhindura ibidukikije bishobora kugufasha gukumira allergie niba umaze kugira allergie:

• Koresha ibikoresho byo gutunganya umwuka bifite HEPA filters mu rugo rwawe
• Gusiga amadirishya afunze mu minsi hari pollen nyinshi
• Gukaraba ibikoresho byo kuryama buri cyumweru mu mazi ashyushye kugira ngo ubuze utubuto twa mite
• Kugumisha ubushuhe bw’imbere mu nzu hagati ya 30-50%
• Gusukura buri gihe kugira ngo ugabanye umukungugu, imyeyo, n’ubwoya bw’amatungo

Uburyo bwo kwitwara bushobora kugufasha harimo kurya indyo yuzuye irimo imbuto n’imboga, zirimo antihistamine na anti-inflammatory compounds. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza ko omega-3 fatty acids ishobora kugabanya kubyimba bituruka kuri allergie.

Kwirinda ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda iyo umaze kumenya ibyo bikurura. Ibi bisobanura gusoma neza amakuru y’ibiribwa, kubaza ibikoresho iyo uri kurya hanze, no kwitondera ibintu byo mu kirere.

Jya wibuka ko kwirinda rwose atari byo bishoboka cyangwa bikorwa buri gihe, niyo mpamvu kugira gahunda nziza yo kuvura ari ingenzi cyane.

Allergie imenyekana ite?

Kumenya neza allergie bisanzwe bikubiyemo guhuza amateka yawe y’ubuzima, isuzuma ry’umubiri, n’ibizamini byihariye. Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo amenye neza icyo gikurura ibimenyetso.

Amateka y’ubuzima akenshi aba ari ingenzi cyane mu kumenya indwara. Muganga wawe azakubaza ibibazo birambuye ku gihe ibimenyetso bigaragara, ibyo wakoraga cyangwa ibyo wariryaga mbere yabyo, n’igihe ibimenyetso bimara. Kugira ibitabo by’ibimenyetso mbere y’aho uganira na muganga bishobora gufasha cyane.

Ibizamini byo gukora iminkanyari ku ruhu ni bwo buryo bwo gupima allergie bukunzwe cyane. Muganga wawe ashyira ibintu bike bishobora gutera allergie ku ruhu rwawe (akenshi ku kuboko cyangwa ku mugongo) agakorera iminkanyari mito kugira ngo allergie ijyane. Niba ufite allergie, uzabona umunani uto ugaragara mu minota 15-20.

Ibizamini by’amaraso (bitwa ibizamini bya IgE) bipima umubare w’antikorps zifitanye isano na allergie mu maraso yawe. Ibi bifasha iyo ibizamini byo ku ruhu bitashoboka kubera uburwayi bw’uruhu, imiti, cyangwa ibyago byo kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye.

Indyo yo gukuraho ibiryo ikunzwe gukoreshwa ku allergie z’ibiryo bikekwa. Uzakuraho ibiryo bikekwa mu mirire yawe ibyumweru bimwe, hanyuma ubisubize buhoro buhoro ukurikira ibimenyetso. Ibi bigomba gukorwa buri gihe munsi y’ubuvuzi bwa muganga.

Ibizamini byo gushyiraho ibintu bifasha kumenya allergie zikuraho. Ibintu bike bishobora gutera allergie bishyirwa ku dupapuro dushyirwa ku mugongo wawe amasaha 48 kugira ngo turebe niba hari ibimenyetso byo ku ruhu bigaragara.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma uburwayi bikubiyemo kwerekana umubiri ibintu bikekwa ko bitera allergie mu bitaro. Ibi bikunze gukoreshwa mu gihe ibindi bipimo bitagaragaje ikintu runaka kandi buri gihe bikorwa hafi y’aho kuvurwa vuba biri.

Muganga wawe ashobora kutakeneye ibizamini byose. Akenshi, guhuza amateka yawe n’ibizamini kimwe cyangwa bibiri birashobora gutanga ubuvuzi bwuzuye.

Ubuvuzi bw’Allergie ni bwoki?

Ubuvuzi bw’allergie bugamije ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi: kwirinda ibintu bikuratera allergie, guhangana n’ibimenyetso hakoreshejwe imiti, no mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kongera kwihanganira hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubuvuzi bwawe kizaterwa n’ubwoko n’uburemere bw’allergie ufite.

Antihistamine ni yo miti ikunze gukoreshwa mu buvuzi bw’ibimenyetso byinshi bya allergie. Ikora mu kuburizamo histamine, ikintu giterwa na allergie. Urashobora guhitamo imiti ishaje ishobora kukuryama cyangwa iyigezweho idatera ubunebwe.

Corticoïdes zo mu mazuru zigira akamaro cyane ku allergie ziterwa n’ibidukikije zigira ingaruka ku mazuru na sinuses. Iyi miti yo mu mazuru igabanya kubyimba kandi ishobora gukumira ibimenyetso iyo ikoreshwa buri gihe, atari iyo ugize ikibazo gusa.

Ibinini byongera umwuka mu mazuru bishobora gufasha mu gihe mazuru yawe afunze ariko bikagombye gukoreshwa igihe gito. Gukoresha imiti yo mu mazuru yongerera umwuka mu gihe kirenga iminsi itatu bishobora gutuma mazuru afunze kurushaho.

Ibindi miti muganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira harimo:

• Imiti igabanya leukotriene ku allergie zifitanye isano na asma
• Imiti ihosha uturemangingo twa mast kugira ngo ikumirwe mbere y’uko itangira
• Corticoïdes zo hanze ku bibazo by’uruhu
• Imiti yongera umwuka mu bihaha niba ufite asma iterwa na allergie

Ubuvuzi bwongerera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (injeksiyon z'allergie cyangwa imiti ifatwa munsi y'ururimi) bishobora kugira akamaro cyane ku marorerwa aterwa n'ibintu biri mu kirere. Ubu buvuzi burimo kugenda buhoro buhoro ugaragaza allergie yawe kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bugabanuke uko bwije n'uko bucyeye.

Ubuvuzi bwihuse ku marorerwa akomeye burimo inshinge za epinephrine (nka EpiPens). Niba uri mu kaga ko kwibasirwa na anaphylaxis, muganga wawe azakwandikira izi nshinge kandi azakwigisha uburyo bwo kuzikoresha.

Abantu benshi basanga ibisubizo byiza ari uko bakoresha uburyo butandukanye aho kwishingikiriza ku buryo bumwe gusa bwo kuvura.

Uburyo bwo kuvura iwawe mu gihe cy'allergie?

Kwita ku marorerwa iwawe birimo guhuza uburyo bwo kwirinda, guhindura imibereho, no kumenya igihe cyo gukoresha imiti yawe neza. Izi ngamba zishobora kugabanya cyane ibimenyetso byawe kandi zigatuma uhorana amahoro.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda akenshi ni bwo bwa mbere ugomba gukoresha:

• Funga amadirishya mu gihe cy'ibimera byinshi by'ibyatsi kandi ukoreshe air conditioning
• Koga kandi uhinduke imyenda nyuma yo kumara igihe hanze
• Koreshanya ibikoresho birinda allergie ku mapapuro n'amatara
• Kumesa ibitanda buri cyumweru mu mazi ashyushye arenga dogere 130°F
• Kugumisha ubushuhe bw'imbere munsi ya 50% kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'ibimera
• Kumesa buri gihe ukoresheje aspirateur ifite HEPA filter

Gupima imiti yawe bishobora kuyikorera neza. Fata antihistamines mbere y'uko witegura kwibasirwa na allergie aho gutegereza ko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Ku marorerwa y'ibihe, ibi bishobora gusobanura gutangira kuvura ibyumweru bike mbere y'igihe gisanzwe cy'allergie yawe.

Imiti y'umwimerere abantu bamwe basanga ifasha irimo:

• Gusukura izuru hakoreshejwe amazi ya saline kugira ngo habeho gukuraho ibintu bitera allergie n’imyanda
• Ubuki bw’aho hantu (nubwo ibimenyetso bya siyansi bikiri bike)
• Ibyuzuza bya Butterbur ku maraso y’ibihe (banza ubanze ubiganirize na muganga wawe)
• Quercetin, antihistamine isanzwe iboneka mu ibinyamisogwe na pome

Imiterere y’imirire n’ubuzima ishobora gufasha mu gucunga allergie yawe muri rusange. Kuguma ufite amazi ahagije mu mubiri bituma imyanda iba yoroheye, mu gihe ibiryo bikungahaye kuri vitamine C na omega-3 fatty acids bishobora kugira ingaruka zo kurwanya ububabare.

Ubuyobozi bw’umunaniro ni ingenzi kurusha uko ushobora kubitekereza. Umunaniro ushobora kubaza ibimenyetso bya allergie, bityo ibikorwa nk’umwuka mwinshi, imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri munsi, no gusinzira bihagije bishobora gufasha cyane.

Wibuke gukurikirana icyakubereye cyiza kandi ubiganire n’umuvuzi wawe ku ngamba zawe zo kwivuza mu rugo.

Wategura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Kuza witeguye ku muhango wawe wa allergie bizafasha muganga wawe gutanga ubufasha bwiza kandi bukoresheje igihe cyanyu hamwe. Gutegura gato bishobora gutuma habaho ibizamini byiza kandi ibitekerezo byiza byo kuvura.

Komeza ibitabo by’ibimenyetso byawe byose byibuze ibyumweru bibiri mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe. Bandika igihe ibimenyetso biba, icyo wakoraga, ibyo waraga, cyangwa ibyo wari wagaragaye mbere, n’uburemere bw’ibimenyetso ku kigero cya 1-10.

Komatanya amakuru yawe y’ubuvuzi:

• Andika imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’ibyuzura
• Zana inyandiko z’ibizamini bya allergie byabanje cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura
• Andika amateka y’umuryango wa allergie, asma, cyangwa eczema
• Andika ibyo wabonye mu bimenyetso byawe

Tegura ibibazo byihariye ugomba kubabaza muganga wawe:

• Ni ibihe bintu by'allergie nagomba gupimwaho?
• Ni iyihe nzira nziza yo kwirinda ibyo bintera allergie?
• Ni iyihe miti ungira inama kuri iyi situation yanjye?
• Nkeneye gutwara epinephrine auto-injector?
• Ni ryari nagomba kugaruka kukubona?

Teganya igihe cyo gufata imiti mbere y'aho ugiye kuza. Imiti imwe yo kurwanya allergie ishobora kubangamira ibizamini by'uruhu, nuko rero ubaze igihe uteganya igihe ugomba guhagarika imiti mbere y'igihe.

Zana umuntu uza kugufasha niba wumva uhangayitse cyangwa niba muganira ku bijyanye no kuvurwa bikomeye. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no kubabaza ibibazo ushobora kwibagirwa.

Vuga ukuri ku mibereho yawe n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa wemera kandi ushobora gukurikiza. Igishushanyo cyiza cyo kuvura ni icyo uzakurikiza koko.

Ni iki cy'ingenzi cyo kumenya ku bijyanye na Allergie?

Allergie ni ikintu gisanzwe cyane, gikora ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, kandi nubwo bishobora gutera uburakari, birakenewe ko uzi uburyo bwo kubigenzura. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko ntugomba kwihanganira ibimenyetso bya allergie cyangwa ukareka bigacunga ubuzima bwawe.

Uburyo bwo guhangana na allergie busanzwe bugizwe n'ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi: kumenya no kwirinda ibyo bintera allergie aho bishoboka, gukoresha imiti ikwiye kugira ngo ugenzure ibimenyetso, no gukorana n'abaganga kugira ngo bakore gahunda y'ubuvuzi yujuje ibyo ukeneye.

Gutangira hakiri kare kenshi bigatanga umusaruro mwiza, nuko rero ntutinye gusaba ubufasha niba ibimenyetso byawe bigutera ibibazo mu gusinzira, mu kazi, mu ishuri, cyangwa mu kwishimira ibikorwa bya buri munsi. Hariho imiti myinshi ikora neza, kuva ku guhindura imibereho kugeza ku buryo bugezweho bwo kuvura indwara ya immunotherapy.

Wibuke ko gucunga allergie akenshi ari urugendo rurerure, atari gusiganwa. Gushaka icyakugirira akamaro bishobora gutwara igihe, kandi ibyo ukeneye bishobora guhinduka bitewe n’ibihe by’umwaka, imyaka, cyangwa imimerere y’ubuzima. Gira umutuzo muri uwo mujyo kandi ukomereze kuganira n’abaganga bawe.

Icy’ingenzi kurusha ibindi, niba uri mu kaga ko kugira uburwayi bukomeye bwa allergie, menya neza ko usobanukiwe gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi bwihuse kandi uhora witwaza imiti yaguteganyirijwe. Hamwe no gutegura neza no kuvurwa, abantu benshi bafite allergie bashobora kubaho ubuzima buzuye, bukora cyane, nta mbogamizi zikomeye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa Bijyanye na Allergie

Q1: Waba wakura allergie nshya nk’umuntu mukuru?

Yego, ushobora rwose kugira allergie nshya mu myaka yose, nubwo utabaye ufite mbere. Allergie ziboneka mu bantu bakuru ni zo zisanzwe, cyane cyane allergie zikomoka ku bidukikije nka pollen cyangwa utubuto tw’umukungugu. Sisteme yawe y’ubudahangarwa ishobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda bitewe n’ibintu nka impinduka z’imisemburo, umunaniro, indwara, cyangwa kwiyongera kw’ibintu bishya bitera allergie. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bishya bisa n’iby’allergie, birakwiye gupimwa nubwo utarigeze ufite allergie mbere.

Q2: Allergie z’ibihe by’umwaka zimeze kimwe na hay fever?

Yego, allergie z’ibihe by’umwaka na hay fever bivuga uburwayi bumwe, mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi bizwi nka allergic rhinitis. Ijambo “hay fever” ribeshya gato kuko ntirivanga na fiive kandi si ngombwa ko iterwa na hay. Ni uburyo bw’allergie ku bipfunyika byo mu kirere bituruka ku biti, ubwatsi, n’ibyatsi bikura mu bihe runaka by’umwaka. Ushobora kandi kubyumva bita “rose fever” cyangwa “summer catarrh,” ariko ibyo byose bisobanura ubwo buryo bumwe bw’allergie ku bipfunyika by’ibihe by’umwaka.

Q3: Igihe kingana iki allergie isanzwe imara?

Igihe ibyo kwangirika kw’ubuzima bitera indwara z’ibyorezo gihinduka cyane bitewe n’ubwoko bw’indwara y’ibyorezo n’igipimo cyo kwandura. Ibimenyetso byihuse nka hives cyangwa ibibazo byo guhumeka bishobora kumara amasaha make cyangwa iminsi mike nyuma y’aho ibyandura bihagaritse. Ibimenyetso by’indwara z’ibyorezo by’ibihe bishobora gukomeza mu gihe cyose cy’igihe cy’ibiti by’ibiti (ibyumweru ku mezi) niba ukomeza kwandura. Ibimenyetso byo kwangirika kw’uruhu bisanzwe bikira mu minsi mike cyangwa icyumweru kimwe umaze kwirinda ikintu kibitera. Ibimenyetso byo kwangirika kw’ibiribwa bisanzwe bigabanuka mu masaha make cyangwa umunsi umwe, nubwo ibimenyetso byo mu gifu bishobora kumara igihe kirekire.

Q4: Ese indwara z’ibyorezo zishobora gutera umunaniro n’ubushishozi buke?

Nibyo rwose. Indwara z’ibyorezo zishobora gutera umunaniro, kugorana kwibanda, n’icyo abantu benshi bita “ubushishozi buke.” Ibi bibaho kubera impamvu nyinshi: Sisteme y’umubiri wawe ikora cyane kugira ngo irwanye ibyo ibona nk’ibyago, imiti y’indwara z’ibyorezo ishobora gutera ubunebwe, kudasinzira neza kubera ibibazo byo guhumeka no kubabara bikugumye, kandi kubabara kw’igihe kirekire kubera indwara z’ibyorezo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mbaraga zawe no gutekereza neza. Abantu benshi basanga kuvura neza indwara zabo z’ibyorezo binatuma barushaho kugira imbaraga no kwibanda.

Q5: Bishoboka kwikuramo indwara z’ibyorezo?

Yego, bishoboka kwikuramo zimwe mu ndwara z’ibyorezo, nubwo ari ibyo bisanzwe bikunze kubaho kuri zimwe kurusha izindi. Abana bakunze kwikuramo indwara z’ibyorezo ziterwa n’amata, amagi, na soya, hafi 80% bakikuramo indwara z’amata n’amagi ku myaka 16. Ariko kandi, indwara z’ibyorezo ziterwa n’amashaza, imbuto z’ibiti, amafi, n’ibinyamaswa byo mu mazi bishobora gukomeza kugera mu bukure. Indwara z’ibyorezo ziterwa n’ibidukikije na zo zishobora guhinduka uko igihe gihita - bamwe basanga indwara zabo z’ibyorezo z’ibihe zikira uko bakura, abandi bashobora kugira ibindi byangirika. Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warakize indwara y’ibyorezo, korana n’umuganga wawe kugira ngo ubizame neza aho kugerageza wenyine.