Sclerosis Ya Amyotrophic Lateral

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (a-my-o-TROE-fik LAT-ur-ul skluh-ROE-sis), izwi nka ALS, ni indwara y'imiterere y'imyakura ifata uturemangingo tw'imyakura mu bwonko no mu mugongo. ALS itera igihombo cyo kugenzura imitsi. Indwara irushaho kuba mibi uko igihe gihita. ALS ikunze kwitwa indwara ya Lou Gehrig, yitiriwe umukinnyi wa baseball wayirwaye. Impamvu nyakuri y'iyi ndwara ntiramenyekana. Igice gito cy'ababirwaye barazikomora. ALS ikunze gutangira guhindagurika kw'imitsi n'intege nke mu kuboko cyangwa ukuguru, kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima cyangwa kuvuga bidasobanutse. Amaherezo ALS igira ingaruka ku kugenzura imitsi ikenewe kugira ngo umuntu yimuke, avuge, arye kandi ahembe. Nta muti w'iyi ndwara ipfana.

Ibimenyetso bya ALS bitandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Ibimenyetso biterwa n'uturemangingo tw'imikaya twangiritse. Muri rusange, ALS itangira n'intege nke z'imikaya zikwirakwira kandi zigenda ziyongera uko igihe gihita. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo: Kugira ikibazo cyo kugenda cyangwa gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Kugwa. Intege nke mu birenge, mu birenge cyangwa mu maguru. Intege nke cyangwa kudakora neza kw'intoki. Kuvuga nabi cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima. Intege nke ifatanije n'amavunja n'imihindagurikire y'imikaya mu maboko, mu bitugu no ku rurimi. Kurira, guseka cyangwa guhumbya bitunguranye. Impinduka mu mitekereze cyangwa imyitwarire. Akenshi ALS itangira mu ntoki, mu birenge, mu maboko cyangwa mu maguru. Hanyuma ikwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Imikaya igenda igira intege nke uko uturemangingo twinshi dupfa. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku guteka, kwishima, kuvuga no guhumeka. Muri rusange nta kuribwa kubaho mu ntangiriro za ALS. Kuribwa kandi si ikintu gisanzwe mu bihe bya nyuma. ALS ntabwo isanzwe igira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwanya. Nanone ntabwo isanzwe igira ingaruka ku bwenge, harimo ubushobozi bwo kubona, kunuka, gukora no kumva.

ALS iratera ibibazo mu ntugutura zifasha mu kugenzura imitsi ikora ku bushake, urugero nk'ugenda no kuvuga. Izi ntugutura zizwi nka neuron za moteri. Hari amatsinda abiri y'intugutura za moteri. Itsinda rya mbere riva mu bwonko rigana mu kibero kijya mu mitsi y'umubiri wose. Zizwi nka neuron za moteri zo hejuru. Itsinda rya kabiri riva mu kibero kijya mu mitsi y'umubiri wose. Zizwi nka neuron za moteri zo hasi. ALS itera ko amatsinda yombi y'intugutura za moteri zishaje buhoro buhoro zikicwa. Iyo intutugutura za moteri zangiritse, zihagarika kohereza ubutumwa mu mitsi. Ibyo bituma imitsi idakora. Ku bantu bagera kuri 10% bafite ALS, impamvu y'indwara ishobora kumenyekana. Ku bandi, impamvu ntirazwi. Abashakashatsi bakomeza kwiga impamvu zishoboka za ALS. Iteori nyinshi zishingiye ku mibanire ikomeye hagati y'imiterere y'umuntu n'ibintu biri mu kirere.

Ibintu byazwi bizamura ibyago byo kurwara ALS birimo:

• Uburanga (Genetics): Ku bantu bagera kuri 10% barwaye ALS, gene itera iyi ndwara yavuye mu muryango. Ibi bita ALS ihura mu miryango. Mu bantu benshi barwaye ALS ihura mu miryango, abana babo bafite amahirwe 50% yo kuzaragwa iyo gene.
• Imyaka (Age): Ibyago byo kurwara ALS byiyongera uko umuntu akura kugeza ku myaka 75. ALS igaragara cyane ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 60 na 80.
• Ibitsina (Sex): Mbere y'imyaka 65, abagabo barwara ALS kurusha abagore. Icyo kintu kiba kigabanutse iyo umuntu arengeje imyaka 70.
• Ibintu byo mu kirere (Environmental factors): Ibintu bikurikira byagaragaye ko bizamura ibyago byo kurwara ALS:
  • Utabi (Smoking): Ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko utabi ari ikintu cyo mu kirere cyongera ibyago byo kurwara ALS. Abagore barunda itabi basa n'abafite ibyago byinshi, cyane cyane nyuma yo kubura imihango.
  • Kuhura n'ibintu byangiza ibidukikije (Environmental toxin exposure): Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko guhura na plombi cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza ibidukikije ku kazi cyangwa mu rugo bishobora gutera ALS. Hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ariko nta kintu cyangwa ikintu runaka cyagaragaye ko cyatera ALS.
  • Gukora mu gisirikare (Military service): Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abantu bakoze mu gisirikare bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ALS. Ntabwo birasobanuka icyo mu gisirikare cyatera ALS. Bishobora kuba guhura na za métaux cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza ibidukikije, imvune, indwara ziterwa na virusi, cyangwa imirimo ikomeye.

Uko indwara igenda ikura, ALS itera ingaruka, nka: Mu gihe, ALS itera intege nke y'imikaya ikoreshwa mu guhumeka. Abantu barwaye ALS bashobora kuba bakeneye igikoresho nka ventilateri ifite agapfukamunwa ngo ibashe kubafasha guhumeka nijoro. Icyo gikoresho kimeze kimwe n'icyo umuntu urwaye apnea yo kuryama ashobora kwambara. Ubwo bwoko bw'igikoresho bufasha umuntu guhumeka binyuze mu kapfukamunwa kameze ku mazuru, ku kanwa cyangwa ku byombi. Bamwe mu bantu barwaye ALS ikomeye bahitamo gukorerwa tracheostomy. Ni umwobo ukorwa n'abaganga imbere y'ijosi ugana mu muyoboro w'umwuka. Ventilateri ishobora gukora neza kuri tracheostomy kurusha ku kapfukamunwa. Impamvu isanzwe y'urupfu rw'abantu barwaye ALS ni ukubura ubushobozi bwo guhumeka. Igice kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu barwaye ALS bapfa mu mezi 14 kugeza kuri 18 nyuma yo kubimenya. Ariko kandi, hari abantu barwaye ALS babaho imyaka 10 cyangwa irenga. Abantu benshi barwaye ALS bagira intege nke y'imikaya ikoreshwa mu kuvugira. Ibi bisanzwe bitangira no kuvugira buhoro buhoro no guhindagurika kw'amagambo rimwe na rimwe. Nyuma biba bigoye kuvugira neza. Ibi bishobora kugenda bikura kugeza aho abandi batumva ibyo umuntu avuga. Indi mibanire n'ikoranabuhanga ikoreshwa mu gutumanaho. Abantu barwaye ALS bashobora kugira intege nke y'imikaya ikora ku manywa. Ibi bishobora gutera imirire mibi no gukama. Nanone bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwinjiza ibiryo, ibinyobwa cyangwa amacandwe mu bihaha, ibyo bikaba byatera pneumonia. Umuyoboro w'ibiryo ushobora kugabanya ibyo byago kandi ukaba wabuza amazi n'ibiryo bikenewe. Bamwe mu bantu barwaye ALS bagira ibibazo by'ururimi no gufata ibyemezo. Bamwe bahabwa indwara y'ubwonko yitwa frontotemporal dementia.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, izwi nka ALS, ishobora kuba igoranye kuyivumbura hakiri kare kuko ishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bisa nibyindi ndwara. Ibipimo byo gupima izindi ndwara cyangwa gufasha kuvumbura ALS bishobora kuba birimo: Electromyogram (EMG). Umugozi uto wambukiranya uruhu winjira mu mitsi itandukanye. Iki kizamini kigaragaza ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi y'imitsi iyo ikoranye n'iyo iruhukira. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza niba hari ikibazo mu mitsi cyangwa mu mitsi. Ubushakashatsi bw'imitsi. Ubu bushakashatsi burasuzuma ubushobozi bw'imitsi yawe bwo kohereza impinduka mu mitsi yo mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Iki kizamini gishobora kugaragaza niba ufite ikibazo cy'imitsi. EMG n'ubushakashatsi bw'imitsi bigenda hamwe hafi ya buri gihe. MRI. Ukoresheje amajwi ya radiyo n'ikinyabiziga gikomeye cya magnetique, MRI itanga amashusho arambuye y'ubwonko n'umugongo. MRI ishobora kugaragaza imikurire y'umugongo, disiki zangiritse mu ijosi cyangwa izindi ndwara zishobora kuba ziterwa n'ibimenyetso byawe. Kamera zifite ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu byinshi rimwe na rimwe zishobora kubona impinduka za ALS ubwazo. Ibizamini by'amaraso n'impiswi. Gusesengura ibipimo by'amaraso yawe n'impiswi muri laboratwari bishobora gufasha gukuraho izindi mpamvu zishoboka z'ibimenyetso byawe. Urwego rw'imitsi ya neurofilament, rupimwa mu bipimo by'amaraso, rusanzwe ruri hejuru mu bantu bafite ALS. Iki kizamini gishobora gufasha gukora ubuvuzi hakiri kare mu ndwara. Gukuramo amazi yo mu mugongo, bizwi nka lumbar puncture. Ibi bikubiyemo gukuramo igipimo cy'amazi yo mu mugongo kugira ngo bipimwe muri laboratwari. Amazi yo mu mugongo akurwaho hakoreshejwe umugozi muto wambukiranya amagufwa abiri yo hasi y'umugongo. Amazi yo mu mugongo asa asanzwe mu bantu bafite ALS ariko ashobora kugaragaza indi mpamvu y'ibimenyetso. Gukuramo igice cy'umutsi. Niba umuvuzi wawe abona ko ushobora kuba ufite indwara y'imitsi aho kuba ALS, ushobora gukuramo igice cy'umutsi. Mu gihe uri munsi y'ubuvuzi buto, igice gito cy'umutsi gikurwaho kandi kigashyirwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo gipimwe. Gukuramo igice cy'umutsi. Niba umuvuzi wawe abona ko ushobora kuba ufite indwara y'umutsi aho kuba ALS, ushobora gukuramo igice cy'umutsi. Mu gihe uri munsi y'ubuvuzi buto, igice gito cy'umutsi gikurwaho kandi kigashyirwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo gipimwe. Kwitabwaho muri Mayo Clinic Itsinda ryacu ryita ku barwayi ry'inzobere za Mayo Clinic rishobora kugufasha mu bibazo byawe by'ubuzima bifitanye isano na Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Tangira hano Amakuru y'inyongera Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) kwitabwaho muri Mayo Clinic Electromyography (EMG) MRI Urinalysis Garagaza amakuru afitanye isano

Ubuvuzi ntibushobora gusana ibyangiritse bya ALS, ariko bushobora kugabanya uburyo ibimenyetso bigenda bikomeza. Kandi bushobora gufasha kwirinda ingaruka mbi no kugufasha kumva utekanye kandi udasaba ubufasha. Ushobora kuba ukeneye itsinda ry’abaganga n’abandi bakozi bo mu buvuzi bahuguwe mu bice byinshi kugira ngo bagufashe. Iryo tsinda rikorera hamwe kugira ngo ryongere igihe cyo kubaho kandi ryongere ubuzima bwiza. Itsinda ryawe riraharanira guhitamo ubuvuzi bukubereye. Ufite uburenganzira bwo kwemera cyangwa kwanga ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose bwatanzwe. Imiti Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’imiti (FDA) cyemeje imiti ibiri yo kuvura ALS: Riluzole (Rilutek, Exservan, Tiglutik). Iyi miti inyobwa, ishobora kongera igihe cyo kubaho hafi 25%. Ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi nko guhinda umutwe, ibibazo by’igifu n’iby’umwijima. Umuvuzi wawe akenshi azajya akurikirana imikorere y’umwijima wawe akoresheje amaraso azajya akuzimya buri gihe mugihe urimo kuyinywa. Edaravone (Radicava). Iyi miti ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo kugenda nabi mu mirimo ya buri munsi. Itangwa mu mutsi wo mu kuboko cyangwa mu kanwa nk’amazi. Ingaruka ku gihe cyo kubaho ntiziramenyekana. Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba harimo kwishima, kubabara umutwe no kugira ikibazo cyo kugenda. Iyi miti itangwa buri munsi ibyumweru bibiri buri kwezi. Umuvuzi wawe ashobora kandi kwandika imiti yo kugabanya izindi ngaruka, harimo: Kugira imikaya no guhinda umubiri. Kubabara mu nda. Kwumva unaniwe. Umusozi mwinshi n’amafufu. Kubabara. Kugira ihungabana. Kugira ibibazo byo kuryama. Kugira uburakari butunguranye bwo guseka cyangwa kurira. Kugira icyifuzo cyihutirwa cyo kwinjira. Kubyimba amaguru. Ubuvuzi iyo ALS igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo guhumeka, kuvuga no kugenda, ubuvuzi n’ubundi buryo bwo gufasha bishobora kugufasha. Kwita ku guhumeka. Abantu benshi barwaye ALS amaherezo bagira ikibazo cyo guhumeka kuko imitsi iba yoroshye. Umuvuzi wawe ashobora gusuzuma uko uhinda umwuka buri gihe kandi agatanga ibikoresho bizwi nka ventilation mécanique kugira ngo afashe guhumeka nijoro. Ushobora guhitamo gukoresha umufuka ukoresha umwuka ushobora gushyirwaho no gukurwaho byoroshye. Ibi bizwi nka ventilation non invasive. Bamwe mu bantu amaherezo bagira ibyago byo kubagwa, bikabaho umwobo imbere y’ijosi ujya mu muyoboro wabo w’umwuka. Ibi bita tracheostomy. Umuyoboro ushyirwa muri uwo mwobo uhuzwa n’umufuka wo guhumeka kugira ngo ufashe guhumeka. Rimwe na rimwe abantu barwaye ALS bafite tracheostomy bagira kandi ubwoko bw’abagwa bita laryngectomy. 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Kumenya ko ufite ALS bishobora gutera agahinda gakomeye. Inama zikurikira zishobora kugufasha wowe n'umuryango wawe: Fata umwanya wo kubabara. Amakuru yuko ufite uburwayi buzahitana ubuzima bugabanya ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenda no kwigenga biragoye kuyumva. Wowe n'umuryango wawe mushobora kunyura mu gihe cyo kuboroga no kubabara nyuma yo kubona uburwayi. Gira icyizere. Ikipe yawe irashobora kugufasha kwibanda ku bushobozi bwawe no kubaho neza. Bamwe mu bantu bafite ALS babaho igihe kirekire kurusha imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 isanzwe ifitanye isano n'ubwo burwayi. Bamwe babaho imyaka 10 cyangwa irenga. Kugira icyizere bishobora kugufasha kunoza imibereho y'abantu bafite ALS. Tekereza ku bintu bisumba impinduka z'umubiri. Abantu benshi bafite ALS bagira imibereho ihesha agaciro nubwo bafite ubumuga bw'umubiri. Gerageza gutekereza kuri ALS nk'igice kimwe cy'ubuzima bwawe, atari ubuzima bwawe bwose. Jya mu itsinda ry'abantu bahuje ibibazo. Ushobora guhumurizwa n'itsinda ry'abantu bahuje ibibazo bafite ALS. Abakunzi bawe bagufasha kwita kuri we bashobora kungukirwa n'itsinda ry'abantu bahuje ibibazo ry'abandi bafasha abarwayi ba ALS. Shaka amatsinda y'abantu bahuje ibibazo mu karere kawe uganira na muganga wawe cyangwa uhamagara ishyirahamwe rya ALS. Fata ibyemezo ubu ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bwawe bw'ejo hazaza. Gutegura ejo hazaza biguha uburenganzira bwo gufata ibyemezo ku buzima bwawe no kwita kuri we. Byongera bigabanya umutwaro ku bantu bawe bakundana. Ufashijwe n'abaganga bawe, umuforomo wita ku barwayi bari hafi gupfa cyangwa umukozi w'imibereho myiza, ushobora gufata umwanzuro w'uko ushaka gukoresha uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwongerera ubuzima. Ushobora kandi gufata umwanzuro w'aho ushaka kumara iminsi yawe ya nyuma. Ushobora gutekereza ku buryo bwo kwita ku barwayi bari hafi gupfa. Gutegura ejo hazaza bishobora kugufasha wowe n'abakunzi bawe gutuza imitima. Tekereza kwitabira ubushakashatsi kuri ALS. Ubushakashatsi kuri ALS bugenda bugerageza kubona umuti wa ALS. Tekereza kwitabira igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi, gutanga ibipimo byo gukora ubushakashatsi no kwinjira mu kwandikwa kw'igihugu cya ALS. Icyo kwandikwa kirafunze ku bantu bose bafite ALS. Ibigo byinshi bikusanya ibipimo byo gukora ubushakashatsi kugira ngo bamenye neza uburwayi.