Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi (Antisocial Personality Disorder): Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi (ASPD mu magambo ahinnye) ni uburwayi bwo mu mutwe aho umuntu ahora atakaza agaciro k’abandi n’ibyiyumvo byabo. Abantu bafite ubu burwayi bakunze kurenga ku mategeko y’imibanire myiza, bagakora ibintu mu buryo bwihuse, kandi bagahorana imbogamizi mu kubaka umubano nyakuri washingiye ku bwumvikane n’ikizere.

Ubu burwayi busanzwe butangira mu myaka y’ubukure, nubwo ibimenyetso byabwo bikunze kugaragara mu bwana cyangwa mu gihe cy’ubwangavu. Nubwo bishobora kuba bigoye kubyumva no kubuvura, kumenya ibimenyetso byabwo bishobora gufasha abantu ubwabo n’abakunzi babo gushaka ubufasha n’ubuvuzi bikwiye.

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi (ASPD) ni iki?

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ni umuco w’imyumvire n’imyitwarire iramara igihe kirekire, ubangamira uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’abandi. Abantu bafite ASPD bakunze kugaragara nk’abantu beza ku mugaragaro, ariko bakagira imyitwarire ihora ibangamira cyangwa ikagira nabi ababakikije.

Ubu burwayi bujya kure y’ukurenga ku mategeko rimwe na rimwe cyangwa imyitwarire y’ubugome. Ahubwo, burimo kutubahiriza itegeko ry’imibanire myiza, amategeko, n’imibereho myiza y’abandi, bikagumaho no mu bukure. Uyu muco ukunze gutera ibibazo bikomeye mu mibanire, mu kazi, no mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Abahanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe babona ASPD nk’igice cy’itsinda ryitwa Cluster B personality disorders. Izi ndwara zose zigizwe n’imyitwarire ikomeye, y’amarangamutima, cyangwa idateganijwe, ishobora kubangamira imibanire no gutera ibibazo bikomeye.

Ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya ASPD bigira umuco w’imyitwarire usobanuka neza, ugaragara mu myaka y’ubukure. Ibi bimenyetso bikunze gutera agahinda gakomeye ku bagize umuryango, inshuti, n’abakunzi, bahora bahangayikishijwe n’imyitwarire y’uwo muntu.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ushobora kubona:

• Kurenga ku mategeko cyangwa amahame y’imibanire myiza kenshi, nta gicumuro bumva
• Kubeshya kenshi cyangwa gukoresha amazina y’ibinyoma kugira ngo bashuke abandi
• Gukora ibintu mu buryo bwihuse batatekereje ku ngaruka
• Kugira ubukana cyangwa kurwana kenshi
• Kutubaha umutekano wabo bwite cyangwa umutekano w’abandi
• Kunananirwa gukora akazi cyangwa kurangiza inshingano z’imari buri gihe
• Kutumva ikimwaro nyuma yo gukomeretsa, kwiba, cyangwa gukorera nabi abandi

Iyi myitwarire igira umuco aho uwo muntu asa n’udashobora kwiga ku ngaruka mbi. Bashobora kenshi gutanga amasezerano badakora cyangwa gusaba imbabazi batarahinduye imyitwarire yabo.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko buri wese akora amakosa cyangwa akora ibintu by’ubwikunde rimwe na rimwe. Itandukaniro rikomeye kuri ASPD ni uko iyi myitwarire ibaho buri gihe mu myaka myinshi kandi itera ibibazo bikomeye mu bice byinshi by’ubuzima.

Intandaro y’uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ni iki?

Intandaro nyakuri y’uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ntiyumvikana neza, ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko buturuka ku iterambere ry’imiterere y’imiryango, ibidukikije, n’ibyerekeye ubwonko. Nta ntandaro imwe ishobora gusobanura impamvu umuntu arwara ubu burwayi.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ASPD:

• Imvange y’imiterere y’imiryango ifite uburwayi nk’ubwo
• Ihohoterwa mu bwana, ihohoterwa, cyangwa kwirengagiza bikomeye
• Gukura mu midukikije y’ubugome cyangwa urugomo
• Imvune mu mutwe zigira ingaruka ku bice by’ubwonko bigengwa n’ubwenge n’ubumwe
• Kurerwa nabi cyangwa nabi mu gihe cy’ubwana
• Uburwayi bwo kutumvira amategeko mu bwana budakurikiranwa
• Kumenya imyitwarire y’ubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge mu muryango

Ubushakashatsi ku buryo ubwonko bukora bwerekanye ko abantu bafite ASPD bashobora kugira itandukaniro mu bice by’ubwonko bishinzwe ku bwumvikane, gufata ibyemezo, no kugenzura ubwenge. Ariko, kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibihamya ko umuntu azagira ubu burwayi.

Abantu benshi bagira ubuzima bubi mu bwana cyangwa bafite intege nke mu muryango wabo batarwara ASPD. Ikinyuranyo hagati y’ibintu byinshi mu gihe kirekire bisa nko ari byo bituma ubu burwayi buza.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi?

Abantu bafite uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi bakunze kutakora ibishoboka ngo bashake ubufasha, kuko badatekereza ko imyitwarire yabo ari mbi. Ariko, abagize umuryango, inshuti, cyangwa abakunzi bakunze kubashishikariza gushaka ubufasha bw’umwuga iyo imyitwarire yabo iba ikomeye.

Wagombye gushaka ubufasha bw’umwuga niba ubona iyi myitwarire kuri wowe cyangwa ku muntu ukunda. Ibibazo by’amategeko, kunanirwa kenshi mu mibanire, cyangwa amakimbirane akomeye mu kazi bishobora kugaragaza ko ukeneye gusuzuma.

Rimwe na rimwe abantu bahura n’abahanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe binyuze mu buvuzi bwategetswe n’inkiko cyangwa mu gihe babona ubufasha ku bindi bibazo nko gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa kwiheba. Ibi bihe bishobora gutanga amahirwe akomeye yo kubona ubuvuzi n’igenamigambi ry’ubuvuzi.

Niba uhangayikishijwe n’imyitwarire y’umuntu, ibuka ko ntushobora kumukangisha guhinduka cyangwa gushaka ubufasha. Ariko, ushobora kwirinda ukwitegura imipaka isobanutse kandi ukishakira ubufasha binyuze mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi cyangwa amatsinda y’ubufasha.

Ibintu byongera ibyago by’uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi, nubwo kugira ibi bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko umuntu azagira ubu burwayi. Kumenya ibi bintu bishobora gufasha kumenya igihe ubufasha bwo mu ntangiriro bushobora gufasha.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bikomeye birimo:

• Kuba umugabo (ASPD igaragara cyane mu bagabo kurusha abagore)
• Kugira uburwayi bwo kutumvira amategeko mu bwana cyangwa mu gihe cy’ubwangavu
• Gukura mu bukene cyangwa mu buzima budashira
• Kugira ababyeyi bafite uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi cyangwa bafite ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge
• Guhohoterwa mu buryo bw’umubiri, igitsina, cyangwa amarangamutima mu bwana
• Kubona urugomo cyangwa ubugizi bwa nabi buri gihe mu gihe cy’iterambere
• Kugira uburwayi bwo kutagira ubushishozi (ADHD) budakurikiranwa
• Gutangira gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga hakiri kare

Amateka y’umuryango agira uruhare runini, kuko abana bafite ababyeyi bafite ASPD bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ubu burwayi. Ibi bishobora guterwa n’imiterere y’imiryango n’ibikorwa by’ibidukikije.

Ubufasha bwo mu ntangiriro mu bwana rimwe na rimwe bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara ASPD mu myaka y’ubukure. Kwigisha abana uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibibazo no kubagenera ibidukikije byiza kandi byiza bishobora kugira akamaro gakomeye.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ni izihe?

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi bushobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye zigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’umuntu. Izi ngaruka zikunze kuba mbi uko igihe gitambitse hatabayeho ubuvuzi n’ubufasha bikwiye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora kubona harimo:

• Ibibazo by’amategeko kenshi, harimo gutabwa muri yombi no gufungwa
• Ibibazo byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge byongera ibibazo by’imyitwarire
• Gusenyukana n’ibibazo mu mibanire n’abana
• Kunananirwa gukora akazi gakomeye cyangwa kugira ubushobozi bw’imari
• Ibyago byinshi byo gukora urugomo ku bandi cyangwa kuba abakorerwa urugomo
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kugerageza kwiyahura cyangwa kwibabaza
• Iterambere ry’izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe nko kwiheba cyangwa guhangayika

Ingaruka ku bagize umuryango zishobora kuba mbi cyane. Abana bafite ababyeyi bafite ASPD bashobora kugira ibibazo byabo by’imyitwarire cyangwa ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Abashakanye bakunze guhura n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku marangamutima n’ikibazo cy’imari.

Mu bihe bike, abantu bafite ASPD ikomeye bashobora gukora ibikorwa bibangamira cyane bikaba byashyira ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’abandi mu kaga. Kumenya hakiri kare no gufata ingamba bishobora gufasha gukumira zimwe muri izo ngaruka zikomeye.

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi busezererwa gute?

Kumenya uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi bisaba isuzuma ryuzuye ryakozwe n’umuhanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe. Nta kizami kimwe gishobora kwemeza ubu burwayi, bityo abaganga bakingira ku biganiro birambuye n’ibimenyetso by’imyitwarire.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma busanzwe bugizwe n’inzira nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, muganga wawe azakora ikiganiro cy’ubuvuzi kugira ngo yumve amateka yawe bwite, imibanire yawe, n’ibimenyetso ubu ufite. Azakubaza ibyerekeye imyitwarire yawe mu bwana, ibibazo by’amategeko, n’uburyo uganira n’abandi.

Abahanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe bakoresha ibipimo byihariye byavuye muri Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) kugira ngo bamenye ubu burwayi. Uwo muntu agomba kuba afite nibura imyaka 18 kandi akerekana ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bwo kutumvira amategeko mbere y’imyaka 15.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gukoresha ibizamini byo mu mutwe cyangwa ibibazo kugira ngo yumve neza imico yawe kandi akureho izindi ndwara. Ashobora kuvugana n’abagize umuryango cyangwa inshuti za hafi kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye y’imyitwarire yawe mu bihe bitandukanye.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bushobora gufata ibyicaro byinshi kugira ngo bube buzuye. Kubona ubuvuzi nyakuri ni ingenzi kuko ASPD rimwe na rimwe ishobora kuvanganwa n’izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe zisaba uburyo butandukanye bw’ubuvuzi.

Ubuvuzi bw’uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ni ubuhe?

Kuvura uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi bigoye kuko abantu bafite ubu burwayi bakunze kutamva ko bakeneye ubufasha cyangwa bashaka guhindura imyitwarire yabo. Ariko, uburyo bumwe bw’ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha bamwe mu bantu kugira ubuhanga bwo guhangana n’ibibazo no kugabanya imyitwarire mibi.

Uburyo bw’ubuvuzi bukoreshwa cyane busanzwe burimo:

• Ubuvuzi bw’imitekerereze n’imyitwarire kugira ngo bafashe kumenya no guhindura imyumvire mibi
• Ubuvuzi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo kugira ngo bagabanye amarangamutima n’ubuhanga mu mibanire
• Inama mu matsinda hamwe n’abandi bakora ku bibazo nk’ibyo
• Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo by’imibanire no kunoza itumanaho
• Gahunda zo gucunga uburakari kugira ngo bagabanye imyitwarire y’ubugome
• Ubuvuzi bw’ikoresha ry’ibiyobyabwenge niba hariho ubusinzi

Imiti ntabwo yemewe cyane mu kuvura ASPD, ariko abaganga bakunze kuyandika kugira ngo bafashe ku bimenyetso bifitanye isano. Imiti yo kuvura kwiheba ishobora gufasha mu bibazo by’amarangamutima, mu gihe imiti yo gucunga amarangamutima ishobora kugabanya imyitwarire y’ubwihuse.

Ubuvuzi bukora neza iyo umuntu ashaka guhinduka kandi akitabira ubuvuzi. Ikibabaje ni uko abantu benshi bafite ASPD bahinduka mu buvuzi cyangwa bitabira gusa kubera amategeko.

Uburyo ubu burwayi buzagenda butandukanye cyane ukurikije umuntu. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kwiga gucunga ibimenyetso byabo neza no kugabanya imyitwarire mibi, abandi bakomeza guhangayika mu buzima bwabo nubwo bamaze kuvurwa.

Uburyo bwo kwita ku buzima bwawe mugihe ufite uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi

Niba ubana n’umuntu ufite uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi cyangwa utekereza ko waba ufite, kwita ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe no mu mubiri biba ingenzi cyane. Uburyo bwo kwita ku buzima bwawe bushobora kugufasha guhangana n’ibibazo ubu burwayi butera.

Ku bagize umuryango n’abakunzi, gushyiraho imipaka isobanutse ni ingenzi ku mibereho yawe. Ntukore ibikorwa bibi binyuze mu kubabarira cyangwa guhisha ingaruka. Ahubwo, menya uko wirindira mu buryo bw’amarangamutima no mu buryo bw’imari.

Niba urimo ugerageza gucunga ibimenyetso bya ASPD, gukora gahunda nziza bishobora gutanga imiterere n’umutekano. Gukora siporo buri gihe, gusinzira bihagije, no kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga bishobora gufasha kunoza ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe n’ubushobozi bwawe bwo gufata ibyemezo.

Tekereza kujya mu matsinda y’ubufasha aho ushobora guhura n’abandi bahura n’ibibazo nk’ibyo. Ufite ASPD cyangwa ukunda umuntu uyifite, kuvugana n’abantu bumva ibibazo byawe bishobora gutanga ubufasha bw’amarangamutima n’inama zifatika.

Ibuke ko guhinduka bisaba igihe n’imbaraga zihoraho. Himura ibyiza bito kandi ntukagire ikibazo cyo gutsindwa, kuko ari ibintu bisanzwe mu nzira yo gukira.

Uburyo bwo kwitegura igihe ugiye kwa muganga

Kwitegura isuzuma ry’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bishobora gufasha kwemeza ko ubonye ubuvuzi nyakuri n’igenamigambi ry’ubuvuzi ryiza. Kuza witeguye amakuru akwiye bizafasha muganga wawe kumva neza ibibazo byawe.

Mbere y’inama yawe, andika ibimenyetso byihariye by’imyitwarire ikanganye n’igihe bibaho. Shyiramo amakuru yerekeye imibanire, ibibazo by’akazi, ibibazo by’amategeko, n’ibimenyetso byose wabonye mu gihe.

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo kuvura indwara no kuvura. Kandi, kora amakuru yerekeye amateka y’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw’umuryango wawe, kuko bishobora gutanga amakuru akomeye kuri muganga wawe.

Tekereza gusaba inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango ukunda kuza nawe niba bishoboka. Bashobora kubona ibintu utari kubona cyangwa bagufasha gutanga ibitekerezo byinshi ku myitwarire yawe.

Tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo ugomba kubaza muganga wawe ku bijyanye no kuvura, uburyo bw’ubuvuzi, n’ibyo ugomba kwitega mu gihe kiri imbere. Ntugatinye gusaba ibisobanuro niba utumva ikintu.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku burwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ni uburwayi bukomeye bwo mu mutwe bugira ingaruka ku buryo umuntu atekereza kandi aganira n’abandi bantu. Nubwo bishobora kuba bigoye kubuvura, kumva ubu burwayi ni intambwe ya mbere yo kubona ubufasha n’ubuvuzi bikwiye.

Niba uhangayikishijwe nawe ubwawe cyangwa umuntu ukunda, ibuka ko ubufasha bw’umwuga buhari. Abahanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe bashobora gutanga ubuvuzi nyakuri kandi bagategura igenamigambi ry’ubuvuzi ryahariwe ibyo umuntu akeneye n’imimerere.

Ku bagize umuryango n’abakunzi, kwita ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe ni ingenzi kimwe no gushyigikira umuntu ufite ASPD. Gushyiraho imipaka, gushaka ubuvuzi bwawe bwite, no guhura n’amatsinda y’ubufasha bishobora kugufasha guhangana n’iyi mibanire igoranye.

Nubwo uburyo ubu burwayi buzagenda bushobora kuba bugoranye, bamwe mu bantu biga gucunga ibimenyetso byabo neza bafite ubuvuzi buhoraho n’umuhate nyakuri wo guhinduka. Ubufasha bwo mu ntangiriro n’ubufasha buhoraho bitanga amahirwe meza yo gutera imbere.

Ibibazo byakunda kubaza ku burwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi bushobora gukira?

Nta muti w’uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi, ariko ibimenyetso byabwo bishobora gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye n’ubufasha buhoraho. Bamwe mu bantu biga gucunga ubwenge bwabo neza kandi bakagira imibanire myiza uko igihe gitambitse. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukubona uburyo bw’ubuvuzi bukwiye no kugira umuhate nyakuri wo guhindura imyitwarire mibi.

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ni kimwe no kuba umunyabugome cyangwa umunyabwenge?

Aya magambo akunda gukoreshwa mu buryo bumwe mu muco rusange, ariko abahanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe bakoresha amagambo “uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi” nk’ubuvuzi bwemewe. Ubugome n’ubwenge ni amagambo adasanzwe asobanura imyitwarire isa, ariko si ubuvuzi bwemewe. ASPD ni uburwayi bwemewe mu buvuzi burimo iyi myitwarire.

Abana bashobora kuvurwa uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi?

Oya, abana ntibashobora kuvurwa uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi kuko uburwayi bw’imiterere y’umuntu buvurwa gusa mu bakuru. Ariko, abana bashobora kuvurwa uburwayi bwo kutumvira amategeko, burimo imyitwarire isa kandi ikunze kuba imbere ya ASPD mu bukure. Ubufasha bwo mu ntangiriro ku burwayi bwo kutumvira amategeko bushobora gufasha gukumira iterambere rya ASPD mu myaka y’ubukure.

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi bukunze kugaragara gute?

Uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi bugira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 1-4% by’abaturage muri rusange, bituma budakunze kugaragara. Bukunze kuvurwa mu bagabo kurusha abagore, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko bugira ingaruka ku bagabo inshuro eshatu kurusha abagore. Ubu burwayi bukunze kugaragara mu mijyi no mu bantu bafite ubudehe buke, nubwo bushobora kugaragara mu itsinda ry’abantu bose.

Umuntu ufite uburwayi bwo kwanga imibanire n’abandi ashobora kugira imibanire myiza?

Nubwo bigoye, bamwe mu bantu bafite ASPD bashobora kugira imibanire myiza, cyane cyane bafite ubuvuzi buhoraho n’umuhate nyakuri wo guhinduka. Ariko, imibanire yabo ikunze gusaba akazi kenshi n’ubwumvikane bw’abakunzi. Abantu benshi bafite ASPD bahangayikishwa no kubona ubwumvikane n’ubushuti, bishobora gutera imbogamizi mu kugumana imibanire ya hafi hatabayeho ubufasha bw’umwuga buhoraho.