Eseme ry’Uburwayi bwa Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) ni uruvange rw’imijyana y’amaraso idasanzwe aho imitsi y’amaraso n’imijyana y’amaraso ihurira mu buryo butaziguye, hatabayeho urusobe rw’imijyana mito y’amaraso iri hagati yayo. Tekereza ko ari inzira y’ubuhumyi mu mikorere y’amaraso mu mubiri, idakwiye kubaho. Ibi bituma habaho umuvuduko mwinshi ushobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’amaraso kandi bikaba byateza ibibazo mu gihe kirekire.

AVM ni uburwayi buke cyane, buri ku bantu umwe kuri 100.000, ariko ni ingenzi kubyumva kuko kubimenya hakiri kare no kubuvuza neza bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kubaho neza. Abantu benshi bavukana AVM, nubwo bashobora kutazibona kugeza mu myaka yabo y’ubukure.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’uburwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation?

Abantu benshi bafite AVM nta bimenyetso na bimwe bagira, cyane cyane iyo uburwayi ari buto. Ariko, iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’aho AVM iherereye n’ubunini bwayo.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira birimo:

• Urubavu rukomeye rutandukanye n’urubavu rusanzwe
• Imihindagurikire y’ubwonko, ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cya AVM mu bwonko
• Ubusembwa bw’imitsi cyangwa ukubabara mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’umubiri
• Ibibazo by’ububone cyangwa ugutinda kuvuga
• Ukuyoba cyangwa kugira ibibazo mu guhuza ibikorwa
• Ibibazo by’umwumvirize, harimo no kumva ijwi mu matwi

Rimwe na rimwe, ushobora kumva ijwi ry’umuvuduko mu mutwe rihuye n’umutima wawe. Ibi bibaho kuko amaraso ari kwihuta cyane mu nzira idasanzwe.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, AVM ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye nka kurwara umutwe cyane, bikajyana n’iseseme no kuruka. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ko amaraso ari kuva, bikaba bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Ni iyihe mitype y’uburwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation?

AVM isanzwe igereranywa n’aho iherereye mu mubiri. AVM yo mu bwonko ni yo ivugwa cyane, ariko ubu burwayi bushobora kuba aho ari ho hose mu mikorere y’amaraso mu mubiri.

AVM yo mu bwonko igira ingaruka ku mijyana y’amaraso mu bwonko kandi ikunze kuba ikomeye kuko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwonko. AVM yo mu mugongo iba ku mugongo kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umubiri n’ubumva. AVM zo ku ruhu ziba mu maboko, amaguru, mu mwijima, impyiko, cyangwa mu zindi ngingo z’umubiri.

Buri bwoko bufite ibibazo byabwo. AVM yo mu bwonko ishobora gutera imihindagurikire y’ubwonko cyangwa ibimenyetso nk’iby’indwara yo mu bwonko, mu gihe AVM zo ku ruhu mu biganza cyangwa amaguru zishobora gutera ububabare, kubyimba, cyangwa guhinduka kw’uruhu mu gice cyangiritse.

Ni iki gitera uburwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation?

AVM nyinshi ziba mbere y’uko umuntu avuka, mu ntangiriro z’iterambere ry’umwana mu nda, igihe imijyana y’amaraso iba iri gukura. Ibi bituma abaganga babita “congenital,” bisobanura ko umuntu avukana na yo nubwo itamenyekana kugeza nyuma y’imyaka myinshi.

Impamvu nyayo ituma bamwe bagira AVM ntiyumvikana neza. Bisa nkaho ari impinduka isanzwe mu iterambere aho kuba ikintu giterwa n’ibikorwa by’ababyeyi cyangwa imyambarire, nubwo indwara z’impyiko zidasanzwe rimwe na rimwe zishobora kugira uruhare.

Bitandukanye n’ibindi bibazo by’imijyana y’amaraso, AVM ntabwo iterwa n’imibereho nk’imirire, imyitozo ngororamubiri, cyangwa umunaniro. Ni ukubura ubusanzwe mu mikorere y’imijyana y’amaraso mu gihe cy’iterambere.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane, AVM ishobora kuba nyuma yo kuvuka kubera imvune cyangwa indwara, ariko ibi ni bike. Akenshi, iyo ufite AVM, iba imaze igihe kuva mbere y’uko uvuka.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera uburwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation?

Ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa niba ufite ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe butari busanzwe, cyane cyane niba bujyanye n’iseseme, kuruka, cyangwa guhinduka kw’ububone cyangwa kuvuga. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by’amaraso ava muri AVM.

Kandi hamagara muganga vuba niba ufite imihindagurikire mishya y’ubwonko, ubusembwa bw’imitsi cyangwa ukubabara ku ruhande rumwe rw’umubiri, cyangwa ibibazo by’umwumvirize biramba nk’ijwi mu matwi. Ibi bimenyetso bikwiye gusuzuma nubwo bisa nkaho ari bito.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bito nk’ububabare bw’umutwe buhoraho butandukanye n’ubusanzwe, guhinduka gahoro gahoro kw’ububone, cyangwa igihe cyo kuyoba, tegura gahunda yo kubonana n’umuganga wawe. Nubwo ibi bitaba iby’ihutirwa, bikwiye kwitabwaho n’abaganga.

Gira icyizere icyo umubiri wawe ukubwira. Niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyangwa gikubangamiye, bihora byiza kubimenyesha muganga aho gutegereza ko ibimenyetso bikomeza.

Ni iyihe mpamvu zishobora gutera uburwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation?

Kubera ko AVM nyinshi ibaho kuva umuntu avuka, impamvu zisanzwe ntabwo zikora nk’uko bikorera mu zindi ndwara. Ariko, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugira uruhare mu kumenya niba AVM izaba ikibazo cyangwa izamenyekana.

Imyaka igira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ibimenyetso. Abantu benshi ntabwo bagira ibimenyetso kugeza bageze mu myaka yabo y’ubwangavu, imyaka 20, cyangwa 30, nubwo AVM imaze igihe kuva bavutse. Ibi bishobora kuba kubera ko uburwayi bukura cyangwa buhinduka uko igihe gihita.

Igitsina kigaragara ko gifite uruhare, aho AVM yo mu bwonko igira ingaruka ku bagabo n’abagore kimwe, nubwo ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza impinduka ntoya mu kaga ko kuva amaraso hagati y’ibitsina. Gutwita rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bimenyetso bya AVM kubera kwiyongera kw’amaraso n’umuvuduko.

Kugira indwara z’impyiko zidasanzwe, nka hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira AVM nyinshi. Ariko, ibi bigira ingaruka ku kigero gito cyane cy’abantu bafite AVM.

Ni iyihe ngaruka zishoboka z’uburwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation?

Ingaruka ikomeye ya AVM ni ukuvuza amaraso, abaganga babita hemorrhage. Ibi bibaho igihe umuvuduko mwinshi w’amaraso mu nzira idasanzwe utera imijyana y’amaraso kwangirika.

Kuva amaraso muri AVM yo mu bwonko bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk’iby’indwara yo mu bwonko kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa. Ibyago byo kuva amaraso bitandukana bitewe n’ubunini n’aho AVM iherereye, ariko muri rusange, ibyago by’umwaka ni bike cyane kuri benshi.

Izindi ngaruka zishobora kuba:

• Imihindagurikire y’ubwonko ishobora kwiyongera uko igihe gihita
• Ibibazo by’ubwonko bikomeza nk’ubusembwa bw’imitsi cyangwa ugutinda kuvuga
• Urubavu rukomeye ruhoraho rubangamira ibikorwa bya buri munsi
• Umukorere w’umutima udasanzwe kubera kwiyongera kw’amaraso muri AVM
• Kugabanuka kw’amaraso ajya mu bice bisanzwe by’ubwonko

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, AVM nini ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umutima wo gutera amaraso kuko amaraso menshi ari guca mu nzira idasanzwe. Ibi bikunze kubaho kuri AVM nini cyane cyangwa uburwayi bwinshi.

Inkuru nziza ni uko abantu benshi bafite AVM batagira ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane iyo bakurikiranwa neza kandi bavuzwa igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Uburwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation bumenyekana gute?

Kumenya AVM bisanzwe bitangira umuganga akubaza ibimenyetso byawe n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima. Azakora isuzuma ry’umubiri, akumva ijwi ritari ryo rishobora kugaragaza umuvuduko w’amaraso udakwiye.

Ibizamini byo kubona amashusho bikunze gukoreshwa mu kumenya AVM birimo MRI, itanga amashusho y’ubwonko n’imijyana y’amaraso. CT scan ishobora kandi gukoreshwa, cyane cyane niba hari impungenge z’amaraso ava.

Kubona neza imijyana y’amaraso, umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba cerebral angiogram. Ibi bikubiyemo gutera amabara mu mijyana y’amaraso no gufata amashusho ya X-ray kugira ngo urebe neza uko amaraso aca muri AVM.

Rimwe na rimwe AVM iboneka mu buryo butunguranye mu bizamini byo kubona amashusho by’izindi ndwara. Ibi ni byo bisanzwe kandi bishobora guhumuriza kuko bivuze ko AVM yabonetse mbere y’uko itera ibibazo bikomeye.

Ni ubuhe buvuzi bw’uburwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation?

Ubuvuzi bwa AVM biterwa n’ibintu byinshi, birimo ubunini n’aho uburwayi buherereye, ibimenyetso byawe, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Si AVM zose zisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa, kandi zimwe zishobora gukurikiranwa uko igihe gihita.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura harimo gukuraho uburwayi, aho umuganga akuraho AVM mu buvuzi. Iki kenshi ni cyo kivura neza ariko biterwa n’aho AVM iherereye n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Endovascular embolization ikubiyemo gushyira umuyoboro muto mu mijyana y’amaraso ujya muri AVM no kuyikinga hakoreshejwe imigozi, ikibindi, cyangwa ibindi bintu. Ubu buryo budakora cyane bukorera neza kuri zimwe muri AVM.

Stereotactic radiosurgery ikoresha imirasire yibanze kugira ngo igabanye imijyana y’amaraso idasanzwe uko igihe gihita. Ubu buvuzi bumaara amezi cyangwa imyaka kugira ngo bugire akamaro ariko bushobora kuba bwiza kuri AVM iri ahantu bigoye kugera.

Itsinda ry’abaganga bazakorana nawe kugira ngo basuzume uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku mimerere yawe. Rimwe na rimwe, guhuza uburyo bwo kuvura ni byo bikora neza.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo ufite uburwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation

Nubwo utazi kuvura AVM wenyine, hari uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga uburwayi bwawe no kugabanya ibyago mu rugo. Gukoresha imiti yawe uko yategetswe ni ingenzi, cyane cyane niba ukoresha imiti yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ubwonko cyangwa imiti igabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso.

Kwirinda ibikorwa byongera umuvuduko w’amaraso bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kuva amaraso. Ibi bishobora gusobanura kugabanya imyitozo ikomeye, kwirinda imirimo ikomeye, cyangwa gucunga umunaniro hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuruhuka.

Kora ibitabo by’ibimenyetso byawe kugira ngo ukureho impinduka mu rubavu, imihindagurikire y’ubwonko, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso. Aya makuru afasha itsinda ry’abaganga bawe gufata ibyemezo byiza byo kuvura.

Komeza gukurikirana inama n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe, nubwo wumva umeze neza. Gukurikirana buri gihe bishobora kubona impinduka mbere y’uko ziba ibibazo.

Menya ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa, nko kurwara umutwe cyane, ibimenyetso bishya by’ubwonko, cyangwa impinduka mu bimenyetso byawe bisanzwe.

Uko wakwitegura inama yawe n’umuganga

Mbere y’inama yawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’icyo biba byiza cyangwa bibi. Jya ugaragaza neza imiterere y’ububabare bw’umutwe, imihindagurikire y’ubwonko, cyangwa impinduka z’ubwonko wabonye.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose ukoresha, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’ibindi. Kandi, tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubaza muganga wawe ku burwayi bwawe n’uburyo bwo kuvura.

Niba bishoboka, zana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti ishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye yavuzwe mu nama. Inama z’abaganga zishobora kuba zikomeye, kandi kugira ubufasha bigufasha gutunganya amakuru neza.

Kora kopi y’ibitabo byawe by’ubuvuzi cyangwa amashusho y’ubuvuzi bijyanye na AVM. Ibi bifasha muganga wawe kumva amateka yawe y’ubuvuzi no gukurikirana impinduka uko igihe gihita.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku burwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation

Kubana na AVM bishobora kuba bitoroshye mu ntangiriro, ariko ibuka ko abantu benshi bafite ubu burwayi babayeho ubuzima bwiza, buhamye, bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugukorana n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe kugira ngo ukureho uburwayi bwawe kandi ufate ibyemezo byiza byo kuvura.

Kubimenya hakiri kare no kubuvuza neza bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kubaho neza. Uko AVM yawe isaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa cyangwa gukurikiranwa neza, kugira uruhare mu buvuzi bwawe biguha amahirwe meza yo kubaho neza.

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubaza ibibazo no gushaka ubundi buvuzi niba utari wizeye ibyo bagutegetse. Gusobanukirwa uburwayi bwawe biguha ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo byiza kubuzima bwawe n’imibereho yawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku burwayi bwa arteriovenous malformation

Ese arteriovenous malformations ishobora gukira yonyine?

AVM isanzwe ntabwo ikira idakuweho. Ariko, zimwe muri AVM nto zishobora kugabanuka uko igihe gihita cyangwa zigira amaraso abika mu buryo bwayo. Ariko, ibi ntabwo ari ikintu ukwiye kwiringira, kandi gukurikirana buri gihe bikomeza kuba ingenzi nubwo ibimenyetso bigabanuka.

Ese arteriovenous malformation irazimukira?

AVM nyinshi ntirazimukira. Ziterwa n’impinduka mu iterambere ry’umwana mu nda. Ariko, indwara z’impyiko zidasanzwe nka hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia zishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira AVM nyinshi, ariko ibi bigira ingaruka ku kigero gito cyane cy’abantu muri rusange.

Ese nshobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri niba mfite arteriovenous malformation?

Abantu benshi bafite AVM bashobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, ariko ukwiye kuganira n’umuganga wawe ku bijyanye no kugabanya ibikorwa. Muri rusange, imyitozo ngororamubiri iciriritse ni nziza, ariko ibikorwa byongera umuvuduko w’amaraso cyane bishobora kugabanywa. Muganga wawe ashobora gutanga amabwiriza ashingiye ku mimerere yawe.

Ni iki kibaho niba arteriovenous malformation ivuze amaraso?

Amaraso ava muri AVM ni uburwayi bw’ihutirwa busaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa mu bitaro. Ubuvuzi busanzwe bukubiyemo kugufasha kugira ngo ubeho neza hanyuma ukarinda amaraso ava hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi, embolization, cyangwa ibindi bikorwa. Abantu benshi barakira neza amaraso ava muri AVM, cyane cyane iyo bavuwe vuba.

Ese arteriovenous malformations itera imihindagurikire y’ubwonko kangahe?

Abantu bagera kuri 40-60% bafite AVM yo mu bwonko bagira imihindagurikire y’ubwonko rimwe na rimwe. Iyi mihindagurikire ikunze kuvurwa neza hakoreshejwe imiti yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ubwonko. Kuvura AVM neza rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imihindagurikire y’ubwonko, nubwo ibi bitandukana ku muntu ku wundi bitewe n’ibintu byinshi.