Asthme

Iyo umuntu afite ibicurane, imbere y'inkuta z'inzira z'umwuka mu muhogo zishobora kuba nto kandi zikaba zifunitse. Nanone, uruhu rw'inzira z'umwuka rushobora gukora ibinyabutabire byinshi. Ibyo bituma habaho igitero cy'ibicurane. Mu gihe cy'igitero cy'ibicurane, inzira z'umwuka zoroheje zituma guhumeka bigorana kandi bishobora gutera inkorora no guhumeka bikomeye.

Ibicurane ni uburwayi aho inzira z'umwuka zigabanyuka kandi zikaba zifunitse kandi zishobora gukora ibinyabutabire byinshi. Ibi bishobora gutuma guhumeka bigorana kandi bigatera inkorora, guhumeka gucicikana (guhuhumura) igihe uhumeka kandi ugahumeka nabi.

Kuri bamwe, ibicurane ni ikibazo gito. Kuri abandi, bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye kibangamira ibikorwa bya buri munsi kandi bishobora gutera igitero cy'ibicurane gishobora kwica.

Ibicurane ntibishobora gukira, ariko ibimenyetso byabyo bishobora kugenzurwa. Kubera ko ibicurane bikunze guhinduka uko igihe gihita, ni ngombwa ko ukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ugenzure ibimenyetso byawe kandi uhindure imiti yawe uko bibaye ngombwa.

Ibimenyetso by'asthme bihinduka ukurikije umuntu ku wundi. Ushobora kugira ibitero bya asthme bidakunda kubaho, ukagira ibimenyetso gusa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe- nko mu gihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri- cyangwa ukagira ibimenyetso igihe cyose. Ibimenyetso n'ibigaragaza asthme birimo: Guhumeka bigoranye Kubabara cyangwa gufata mu gituza Guhumeka bikomerera mu gihe uhumeka, ibi bikaba ari ikimenyetso gisanzwe cya asthme mu bana Kugira ibibazo byo kuryama bitewe no guhumeka bigoranye, inkorora cyangwa guhumeka bikomerera Inkorora cyangwa ibitero byo guhumeka bikomerera birushaho kuba bibi bitewe na virusi y'ubuhumekero, nka ibicurane cyangwa grippe Ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko asthme yawe ishobora kuba iri kuba mibi birimo: Ibimenyetso n'ibigaragaza asthme biba kenshi kandi bibi Kurushaho kugorana guhumeka, nkuko bipimwa n'igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugenzura uko ibihaha byawe bikora (peak flow meter) Gukenera gukoresha umuti wo guhagarika vuba kenshi Kuri bamwe, ibimenyetso n'ibigaragaza asthme biragaragara mu bihe bimwe na bimwe: Asthme iterwa na siporo, ishobora kuba mibi iyo ikirere ari gikonje kandi kigumye Asthme iterwa n'akazi, iterwa n'ibintu bibabaza ahantu hakora nka imyuka mibi, imyuka cyangwa umukungugu Asthme iterwa na allergie, iterwa n'ibintu biri mu kirere, nka pollen, spores za imvura, imyanda y'inzige, cyangwa ibice by'uruhu n'umusemburo wumye w'amatungo (pet dander) Ibitero bikomeye bya asthme bishobora guhitana ubuzima. Korana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo umenye icyo ukora iyo ibimenyetso byawe n'ibigaragaza birushaho kuba bibi- n'igihe ukeneye ubuvuzi bwihuse. Ibimenyetso by'ubuhangange bwa asthme birimo: Kugenda nabi cyane mu guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka bikomerera Kutagera ku musaruro nubwo wakoresheje umuti wo guhagarika vuba Guhumeka bigoranye mu gihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ya make Reba umuganga wawe: Niba utekereza ko ufite asthme. Niba ufite inkorora cyangwa guhumeka bikomerera kenshi bikamara iminsi mike cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bya asthme, reba umuganga wawe. Kuvura asthme hakiri kare bishobora gukumira ibibazo by'ibihaha mu gihe kirekire kandi bigafasha mu gukumira ko iyi ndwara ikomeza kuba mibi uko igihe gihita. Kugira ngo ugenzure asthme yawe nyuma yo kubona ubuvuzi. Niba uzi ko ufite asthme, korana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo uyigumane munsi y'ubuyobozi. Kugira ubuzima bwiza mu gihe kirekire bigufasha kumva neza umunsi ku munsi kandi bishobora gukumira igitero cya asthme gishobora guhitana ubuzima. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bya asthme birushaho kuba bibi. Hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba imiti yawe isa ntiyakubabarira ibimenyetso byawe cyangwa niba ukeneye gukoresha umuti wawe wo guhagarika vuba kenshi. Ntukarebe imiti myinshi kurusha ibyo wagenewe utabanje kubiganiraho n'umuganga wawe. Gukoresha imiti ya asthme cyane bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi kandi bishobora gutuma asthme yawe iba mibi. Kugira ngo usubiremo ubuvuzi bwawe. Asthme ihinduka kenshi uko igihe gihita. Hurira n'umuganga wawe buri gihe kugira ngo muganire ku bimenyetso byawe kandi mugire impinduka zikenewe mu buvuzi.

Ibitero bikomeye by'asthme bishobora guhitana ubuzima. Korana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo umenye icyo ukora igihe ibimenyetso n'ibibazo byawe birushaho kuba bibi-n'igihe ukeneye ubuvuzi bwihuse. Ibimenyetso by'ubuhanga bwa asthme birimo:

• Kugenda nabi cyane kw'uburakari bw'umwuka cyangwa guhumeka
• Kutagera ku ntambwe na nyuma yo gukoresha umuti wo guhumuriza vuba
• Kubura umwuka igihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nke Reba umuganga wawe:
• Niba utekereza ko ufite asthme. Niba ufite inkorora cyangwa guhumeka kenshi bikamara iminsi mike cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bya asthme, reba umuganga wawe. Kuvura asthme hakiri kare bishobora gukumira ibibazo by'ibihaha mu gihe kirekire kandi bigafasha mu kwirinda ko iyi ndwara ikomeza kuba mbi uko iminsi igenda.
• Kugira ngo ugenzure asthme yawe nyuma yo kubona uburwayi. Niba uzi ko ufite asthme, korana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo uyigumane munsi y'ubuyobozi. Kugira ubuzima bwiza mu gihe kirekire bigufasha kumva umeze neza umunsi ku munsi kandi bishobora gukumira igitero cya asthme gishobora guhitana ubuzima.
• Niba ibimenyetso byawe bya asthme birushaho kuba bibi. Hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba imiti yawe isa ntitagabanya ibimenyetso byawe cyangwa niba ukeneye gukoresha umuti wawe wo guhumuriza vuba kenshi. Ntufata imiti myinshi kurusha uko yagenewe utabanje kubiganiraho n'umuganga wawe. Gukoresha imiti ya asthme cyane bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi kandi bishobora gutuma asthme yawe iba mbi.
• Kugira ngo usubiremo uburyo bwawe bwo kuvura. Asthme ihinduka kenshi uko igihe gihita. Humura n'umuganga wawe buri gihe kugira ngo muganire ku bimenyetso byawe kandi mugire impinduka zikenewe mu buvuzi. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bya asthme birushaho kuba bibi. Hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba imiti yawe isa ntitagabanya ibimenyetso byawe cyangwa niba ukeneye gukoresha umuti wawe wo guhumuriza vuba kenshi. Ntufata imiti myinshi kurusha uko yagenewe utabanje kubiganiraho n'umuganga wawe. Gukoresha imiti ya asthme cyane bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi kandi bishobora gutuma asthme yawe iba mbi.

Ntabwo birasobanutse neza impamvu bamwe barwara ibicurane (asthme) abandi ntibarware, ariko birashoboka ko biterwa n'ivangura ry'ibintu byo mu kirere n'ibyo kuvukana (iby'umuzuko). Kwinjira mu mubiri mu bintu bitandukanye bituma umuntu agira allergie (allergènes) bishobora gutera ibimenyetso by'ibicurane. Ibintu bituma ibicurane bitandukanye ku muntu ku wundi kandi birimo:

• Allergie zo mu kirere, nka pollen, utubuto two mu mukungugu, spores z'ibinyampeke, ubwoya bw'amatungo cyangwa utunini two mu myanda y'inzige
• Indwara zifata umwuka, nka grippe
• Imikino ngororamubiri
• Ikirere gikonje
• Ibihumanya kirere n'ibintu bibabaza, nka toni
• Imiti imwe, irimo beta blockers, aspirine, n'imiti igabanya ububabare idakomoka kuri steroide, nka ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, izindi) na naproxen sodium (Aleve)
• Amarangamutima akomeye n'umunaniro
• Sulfites na preservatives bisigwa mu bwoko bumwe bw'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, birimo shrimp, imbuto zumye, ibirayi bitetse, ibirabo n'inzoga
• Indwara ya Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), ikibazo aho aside yo mu gifu isubira inyuma mu muhogo

Hari impamvu nyinshi zizwiho kongera ibyago byo kurwara asma. Zirimo:

• Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango ufite asma, nka mubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe
• Kugira ikindi cyorezo cy'allergie, nka atopic dermatitis — itera uburibwe bw'uruhu, bukabyimba — cyangwa hay fever — itera irinya mu mazuru, guhinda umushyitsi no kubabara amaso
• Kuba ufite umubyibuho ukabije
• Kuba umunywa itabi
• Kwinjira mu mwotsi w'itabi
• Kwinjira mu myotsi y'imodoka cyangwa ibindi bintu byanduza ikirere
• Kwinjira mu bintu bikurura asma ku kazi, nka chemicals zikoreshwa mu buhinzi, mu gusiga umusatsi no mu nganda

Ingaruka z'indwara y'ibinywa birimo:

• Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bigira ingaruka ku kuryama, akazi n'ibindi bikorwa
• Iminsi idakora akazi cyangwa ishuri mu gihe cy'uburwayi bukabije bw'ibinywa
• Kugabanuka burundu kw'imiyoboro itwara umwuka ugana mu mwijima no kuwuvamo (imiyoboro y'ibinywa), bigira ingaruka ku buryo umuntu ahumeka
• Kugana ibitaro byihuse no kujyanwa mu bitaro kubera ibitero bikomeye by'indwara y'ibinywa
• Ingaruka mbi ziterwa no gukoresha imiti imara igihe kirekire ikoreshwa mu kuringaniza indwara y'ibinywa ikomeye

Ubuvuzi bukwiye bugira uruhare runini mu gukumira ingaruka z'igihe gito n'iz'igihe kirekire ziterwa n'indwara y'ibinywa.

Nta buryo bwo kwirinda asma, ariko wowe na muganga wawe mushobora gukora gahunda y’inzira ku nzira yo kubana n’uburwayi bwawe no kwirinda ibitero bya asma.

• Kurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvura asma. Hamwe na muganga wawe n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi, bandika gahunda irambuye yo gufata imiti no gucunga igitero cya asma. Hanyuma komeza ukore gahunda yawe. Asma ni uburwayi bukomeza igihe kirekire bukenera gukurikiranwa no kuvurwa buri gihe. Kugira uruhare mu kuvurwa kwawe bishobora gutuma wumva ufite ubuzima bwiza.
• Fata inkingo za influenza na pneumonia. Kuguma ufite inkingo birashobora kwirinda ko ibicurane na pneumonia bitera ibitero bya asma.
• Menya kandi wirinde ibintu bitera asma. Hari ibintu byinshi byo hanze bishobora gutera ibitero bya asma, birimo ibyatsi, imyanda, ikirere gikonje n’ihuzagurika ry’ikirere. Menya icyatera cyangwa kigatuma asma yawe ikomeza, hanyuma ufate ingamba zo kwirinda ibyo bintu.
• Kora isuzuma ry’ubuhumekwe bwawe. Ushobora kumenya ibimenyetso by’igitero kiri hafi, nko guhumeka gato, guhumeka cyane cyangwa guhumeka nabi. Ariko kubera ko imikorere y’ibihaha byawe ishobora kugabanuka mbere y’uko ubona ibimenyetso, upima kandi wandike umuvuduko w’umwuka wawe ukoresheje ikigero cy’umuvuduko w’umwuka wo murugo. Ikigero cy’umuvuduko w’umwuka gipima imbaraga uhumeka. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwereka uburyo bwo gukurikirana umuvuduko w’umwuka wawe murugo.
• Menya kandi uvure ibitero hakiri kare. Niba ugifite igihe, ntushobora kugira igitero gikomeye. Ntuzakenera imiti myinshi kugira ngo ugenzure ibimenyetso byawe. Iyo bipimo byawe by’umuvuduko w’umwuka bigabanuka kandi bikuburira ku gitero kiri hafi, fata imiti yawe nk’uko byategetswe. Nanone, komeza uhagarike ibikorwa byose bishobora kuba byarateye igitero. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bitakira, shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga nk’uko byagenwe muri gahunda yawe.
• Fata imiti yawe nk’uko yagenewe. Ntuhindura imiti yawe utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe, nubwo asma yawe isa nkaho ikomeza. Ni byiza kuzana imiti yawe igihe cyose ugiye kwa muganga. Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya niba ukoresha imiti yawe neza kandi ufata umwanya ukwiye.
• Witondere gukoresha cyane imiti yo guhagarika vuba. Niba usanga ukunda gukoresha imiti yawe yo guhagarika vuba, nka albuterol, asma yawe ntabwo iri kugenzurwa. Reba muganga wawe kugira ngo ahindura uburyo bwo kuvura. Kurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvura asma. Hamwe na muganga wawe n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi, bandika gahunda irambuye yo gufata imiti no gucunga igitero cya asma. Hanyuma komeza ukore gahunda yawe. Asma ni uburwayi bukomeza igihe kirekire bukenera gukurikiranwa no kuvurwa buri gihe. Kugira uruhare mu kuvurwa kwawe bishobora gutuma wumva ufite ubuzima bwiza. Kora isuzuma ry’ubuhumekwe bwawe. Ushobora kumenya ibimenyetso by’igitero kiri hafi, nko guhumeka gato, guhumeka cyane cyangwa guhumeka nabi. Ariko kubera ko imikorere y’ibihaha byawe ishobora kugabanuka mbere y’uko ubona ibimenyetso, upima kandi wandike umuvuduko w’umwuka wawe ukoresheje ikigero cy’umuvuduko w’umwuka wo murugo. Ikigero cy’umuvuduko w’umwuka gipima imbaraga uhumeka. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwereka uburyo bwo gukurikirana umuvuduko w’umwuka wawe murugo. Menya kandi uvure ibitero hakiri kare. Niba ugifite igihe, ntushobora kugira igitero gikomeye. Ntuzakenera imiti myinshi kugira ngo ugenzure ibimenyetso byawe. Iyo bipimo byawe by’umuvuduko w’umwuka bigabanuka kandi bikuburira ku gitero kiri hafi, fata imiti yawe nk’uko byategetswe. Nanone, komeza uhagarike ibikorwa byose bishobora kuba byarateye igitero. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bitakira, shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga nk’uko byagenwe muri gahunda yawe.

Ubucukumbuzi bw'umubiri Muganga wawe azakora ubucukumbuzi bw'umubiri kugira ngo akureho izindi ndwara zishoboka, nko kwandura mu mihingo y'ubuhumekero cyangwa indwara zifata imihango y'ubuhumekero (COPD). Muganga wawe azakubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe no ku zindi ndwara. Ibipimo byo gupima imikorere y'imihango y'ubuhumekero Ushobora gukorerwa ibizamini byo gupima imikorere y'imihango y'ubuhumekero kugira ngo umenye umwuka ungana gute winjiramo kandi ukajya hanze mu gihe uhumeka. Ibi bipimo bishobora kuba birimo: Spirometry. Iki kizamini kigerageza kugabanya imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero bwawe binyuze mu kureba umwuka ungana gute ushobora guhembura nyuma yo guhumeka cyane n'umuvuduko uhumeka. Peak flow. Iki gipimo cya peak flow ni igikoresho cyoroshye gipima imbaraga uhumeka. Ibipimo bya peak flow biri hasi y'ibisanzwe ni ikimenyetso cyerekana ko imihango y'ubuhumekero yawe ishobora kuba idakora neza kandi ko ibicurane byawe bishobora kuba biri kubi. Muganga wawe azakugira inama y'uko wakurikirana no guhangana n'ibipimo bya peak flow biri hasi. Ibipimo byo gupima imikorere y'imihango y'ubuhumekero bikorwa kenshi mbere na nyuma yo gufata imiti yo gufungura imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero yitwa bronchodilator (brong-koh-DIE-lay-tur), nka albuterol. Niba imikorere y'imihango y'ubuhumekero yawe ikozwe neza ukoresheje bronchodilator, birashoboka ko ufite ibicurane. Ibindi bipimo Ibindi bipimo byo kuvura ibicurane birimo: Methacholine challenge. Methacholine ni ikintu kizwi cyateza ibicurane. Iyo uhumeka, bizatuma imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero yawe igabanuka gato. Niba usubira inyuma kuri methacholine, birashoboka ko ufite ibicurane. Iki kizamini gishobora gukoreshwa nubwo ikizamini cyawe cya mbere cyo gupima imikorere y'imihango y'ubuhumekero ari ibisanzwe. Ibipimo byo kubona ishusho. X-ray y'ibituza ishobora gufasha kumenya ibibazo by'imiterere cyangwa indwara (nko kwandura) bishobora gutera cyangwa kongera ibibazo byo guhumeka. Ibipimo byo gupima allergie. Ibipimo byo gupima allergie bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ikizamini cy'uruhu cyangwa ikizamini cy'amaraso. Bizakubwira niba ufite allergie ku nyamaswa, umukungugu, imyeyo cyangwa ibyatsi. Niba ibintu biterwa na allergie byamenyekanye, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira inshinge z'allergie. Ibizamini bya nitric oxide. Iki kizamini kipima umwuka wa nitric oxide uri mu mihango y'ubuhumekero. Iyo imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero yawe yabarebye - ikimenyetso cy'ibicurane - ushobora kugira urwego rwa nitric oxide rurenze urwego rusanzwe. Iki kizamini ntikiboneka hose. Sputum eosinophils. Iki kizamini kireba imisemburo y'amaraso yera (eosinophils) mu mvange y'umusemburo n'imyeyo (sputum) uhembura mu gihe uhumeka. Eosinophils ibaho iyo ibimenyetso bigaragara kandi bigaragara iyo byanduye ibara ry'umutuku. Ibipimo byo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri n'ibicurane biterwa n'ubukonje. Muri ibi bipimo, muganga wawe apima inzitizi y'ubuhumekero bwawe mbere na nyuma yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa guhumeka umwuka ukonje. Uko ibicurane bigabanywa Kugira ngo agabanye uburemere bw'ibicurane byawe, muganga wawe azatekereza kenshi ufite ibimenyetso n'uburemere bwabyo. Muganga wawe azatekereza kandi ku bizamini byawe by'umubiri n'ibipimo byo kuvura. Kumenya uburemere bw'ibicurane byawe bifasha muganga wawe guhitamo ubuvuzi bwiza. Uburemere bw'ibicurane buhinduka kenshi uko igihe gihita, bisaba ko ubuvuzi buhinduka. Ibicurane bigabanywa mu byiciro bine rusange: Icyiciro cy'ibicurane Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso Byoroheje, bitagira igihe Ibimenyetso byoroheje kugeza ku minsi ibiri mu cyumweru no kugeza ku majoro abiri mu kwezi Byoroheje, biramba Ibimenyetso birenga kabiri mu cyumweru, ariko bitarenze rimwe ku munsi umwe Byoroheje, biramba Ibimenyetso rimwe ku munsi n'ijoro rimwe mu cyumweru Gukomeye, biramba Ibimenyetso umunsi wose ku minsi myinshi kandi kenshi nijoro Kwitabwaho muri Mayo Clinic Itsinda ryacu ryita ku barwayi b'inzobere za Mayo Clinic rishobora kugufasha mu bibazo byawe by'ubuzima bifitanye isano n'ibicurane Tangira hano Amakuru y'inyongera Kwitabwaho kw'ibicurane muri Mayo Clinic Ibicurane: Ibipimo n'ubuvuzi CT scan Spirometry X-ray Reba amakuru y'inyongera

Kwiringira no kugenzura igihe kirekire ni ingenzi mu gukumira ibitero bya asma mbere yuko bitangira. Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo kumenya ibintu bikurura asma, gufata ingamba zo kwirinda ibyo bintu no gukurikirana uko uhumeka kugira ngo wize neza ko imiti ukoresha igumisha ibimenyetso byayo mugenzura. Mu gihe cy'igitero cya asma, ushobora gukenera gukoresha umuti wo guhumeka wihuse.

Imiti ikubereye ni yo ishingiye ku bintu byinshi - imyaka yawe, ibimenyetso, ibintu bikurura asma nibyo bikora neza kugira ngo ugumishe asma yawe mugenzura.

Imiti igabanya ibimenyetso bya asma igihe kirekire igabanya kubyimba (kubyimba) mu myanya y'ubuhumekero bituma ibimenyetso bigaragara. Imiti yo guhumeka vuba (bronchodilators) ifungura vuba imyanya y'ubuhumekero yabyimbye igabanya guhumeka. Mu bimwe mu bihe, imiti y'allergie irakenewe.

Imiti yo kugenzura asma igihe kirekire, isanzwe ifatwa buri munsi, ni ishingiro ry'ubuvuzi bwa asma. Iyi miti igumisha asma mugenzura umunsi ku munsi kandi igatuma bigoye ko uzagira igitero cya asma. Ubwoko bw'imiti yo kugenzura asma igihe kirekire burimo:

• Inhaled corticosteroids. Iyi miti irimo fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus, Xhance), budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler, Pulmicort Respules, Rhinocort), ciclesonide (Alvesco), beclomethasone (Qvar Redihaler), mometasone (Asmanex HFA, Asmanex Twisthaler) na fluticasone furoate (Arnuity Ellipta).

Ushobora gukenera gukoresha iyi miti iminsi myinshi cyangwa ibyumweru mbere yuko igera ku nyungu yayo nyinshi. Bitandukanye na corticosteroids zinyobwa, inhaled corticosteroids zifite ibyago bike by'ingaruka mbi zikomeye.

• Imiti ihumekwa ifatanye. Iyi miti - nka fluticasone-salmeterol (Advair HFA, Airduo Digihaler, izindi), budesonide-formoterol (Symbicort), formoterol-mometasone (Dulera) na fluticasone furoate-vilanterol (Breo Ellipta) - irimo beta agonist ikora igihe kirekire hamwe na corticosteroid.
• Theophylline. Theophylline (Theo-24, Elixophyllin, Theochron) ni imiti y'amasafuriya ifatwa buri munsi ifasha mu gufungura imyanya y'ubuhumekero binyuze mu kuruhuza imitsi iri ku myanya y'ubuhumekero. Ntikunzwe gukoreshwa nk'izindi miti ya asma kandi isaba ibizamini by'amaraso buri gihe.

Inhaled corticosteroids. Iyi miti irimo fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus, Xhance), budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler, Pulmicort Respules, Rhinocort), ciclesonide (Alvesco), beclomethasone (Qvar Redihaler), mometasone (Asmanex HFA, Asmanex Twisthaler) na fluticasone furoate (Arnuity Ellipta).

Ushobora gukenera gukoresha iyi miti iminsi myinshi cyangwa ibyumweru mbere yuko igera ku nyungu yayo nyinshi. Bitandukanye na corticosteroids zinyobwa, inhaled corticosteroids zifite ibyago bike by'ingaruka mbi zikomeye.

Leukotriene modifiers. Iyi miti inyobwa - irimo montelukast (Singulair), zafirlukast (Accolate) na zileuton (Zyflo) - ifasha mu kugabanya ibimenyetso bya asma.

Imiti yo gutabara (rescue) ikoreshwa uko bikenewe kugira ngo igabanye vuba ibimenyetso mu gihe gito mu gihe cy'igitero cya asma. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mbere yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri niba muganga wawe abisabye. Ubwoko bw'imiti yo gutabara burimo:

• Short-acting beta agonists. Iyi miti ihumekwa, bronchodilators yo gutabara, ikora mu minota kugira ngo igabanye vuba ibimenyetso mu gihe cy'igitero cya asma. Irimo albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, izindi) na levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA).

Short-acting beta agonists ishobora gufatwa ikoresheje umuti wo guhumeka ugendana, cyangwa nebulizer, imashini ihindura imiti ya asma mu mvura yoroheje. Ihumekwa binyuze mu gipfukisho cyo mu maso cyangwa mu kanwa.

• Anticholinergic agents. Kimwe n'izindi bronchodilators, ipratropium (Atrovent HFA) na tiotropium (Spiriva, Spiriva Respimat) ikora vuba kugira ngo ihumure vuba imyanya y'ubuhumekero, bituma guhumeka birushaho koroherera. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri emphysema na bronchitis ikomeye, ariko ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura asma.
• Corticosteroids zinyobwa n'izinjizwa mu mitsi. Iyi miti - irimo prednisone (Prednisone Intensol, Rayos) na methylprednisolone (Medrol, Depo-Medrol, Solu-Medrol) - igabanya kubyimba mu myanya y'ubuhumekero biterwa na asma ikomeye. Ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi zikomeye iyo ikoreshejwe igihe kirekire, bityo iyi miti ikoreshwa gusa mu gihe gito mu kuvura ibimenyetso bikomeye bya asma.

Short-acting beta agonists. Iyi miti ihumekwa, bronchodilators yo gutabara, ikora mu minota kugira ngo igabanye vuba ibimenyetso mu gihe cy'igitero cya asma. Irimo albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, izindi) na levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA).

Short-acting beta agonists ishobora gufatwa ikoresheje umuti wo guhumekera ugendana, cyangwa nebulizer, imashini ihindura imiti ya asma mu mvura yoroheje. Ihumekwa binyuze mu gipfukisho cyo mu maso cyangwa mu kanwa.

Niba ufite igitero cya asma, umuti wo guhumeka wihuse ushobora kugabanya ibimenyetso byawe ako kanya. Ariko ntiwakagombye gukenera gukoresha umuti wawe wo guhumeka wihuse kenshi niba imiti yawe yo kugenzura igihe kirekire ikora neza.

Komeza umubare w'uburyo ukoresha buri cyumweru. Niba ukeneye gukoresha umuti wawe wo guhumeka wihuse kenshi kurusha uko muganga wawe abisaba, reba muganga wawe. Birashoboka ko ukeneye guhindura imiti yawe yo kugenzura igihe kirekire.

Imiti y'allergie ishobora gufasha niba asma yawe iterwa cyangwa ikomeza na allergie. Ibi birimo:

• Allergie shots (immunotherapy). Mu gihe, allergy shots buhoro buhoro zigabanya uburyo bw'umubiri wawe bwo kurwanya allergie runaka. Ubusanzwe uhabwa inshinge rimwe mu cyumweru ibyumweru bike, hanyuma rimwe mu kwezi igihe cy'imyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu.
• Biologics. Iyi miti - irimo omalizumab (Xolair), mepolizumab (Nucala), dupilumab (Dupixent), reslizumab (Cinqair) na benralizumab (Fasenra) - igenewe abantu bafite asma ikomeye.

Ubu buvuzi bukoreshwa kuri asma ikomeye idakira ikoreshejwe inhaled corticosteroids cyangwa izindi miti yo kugenzura asma igihe kirekire. Ntaboneka cyane kandi si yo ikwiriye buri wese.

Mu gihe cya bronchial thermoplasty, muganga wawe ashyushya imbere y'imyanya y'ubuhumekero mu mwijima akoresheje electrode. Ubwo bushyuhe bugabanya imitsi yoroheje iri mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Ibi bigabanya ubushobozi bw'imyanya y'ubuhumekero bwo gukomera, bituma guhumeka birushaho koroherera kandi bigatuma bigoye ko uzagira ibitero bya asma. Ubu buvuzi busanzwe bukorwa mu nsengero eshatu zo hanze.

Ubuvuzi bwawe bugomba kuba bufite uburyo butandukanye kandi bushingiye ku mpinduka z'ibimenyetso byawe. Muganga wawe agomba kubaza ibyerekeye ibimenyetso byawe buri gihe. Ukurikije ibimenyetso byawe, muganga wawe ashobora guhindura ubuvuzi bwawe uko bikwiye.

Kurugero, niba asma yawe igenzurwa neza, muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti mike. Niba asma yawe idagenzurwa neza cyangwa irimo kuba mbi, muganga wawe ashobora kongera imiti yawe kandi agasaba gusura kenshi.

Koranira na muganga wawe kugira ngo mureme gahunda yo guhangana na asma isobanura mu nyandiko igihe cyo gufata imiti runaka cyangwa igihe cyo kongera cyangwa kugabanya umunyu w'imiti yawe ukurikije ibimenyetso byawe. Nanone harimo urutonde rw'ibintu bikurura asma na ntambwe ugomba gufata kugira ngo ubirebe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugusaba gukurikirana ibimenyetso bya asma yawe cyangwa gukoresha peak flow meter buri gihe kugira ngo ukurebe neza uko ubuvuzi bwawe bugumisha asma yawe mugenzura.

Asma ishobora kuba ikibazo kandi ikagora. Hari igihe ushobora gucika intege, kurakara cyangwa kwiheba kubera ko ugomba kugabanya ibikorwa byawe bisanzwe kugira ngo wirinde ibintu byo mu kirere bibitera. Ushobora kandi kumva udashoboye cyangwa uhangayitse kubera ibimenyetso by'indwara ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuyivura bugoranye. Ariko asma ntabwo igomba kuba ikibazo gikubuza gukora ibintu. Uburyo bwiza bwo gutsinda imihangayiko no kumva udashoboye ni ukumva uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze no gufata iya mbere mu kuvura kwawe. Dore bimwe mu byo wakora: Jya ushireho umuvuduko. Fata akaruhuko hagati y'imirimo kandi wirinda ibikorwa bituma ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kuba bibi. Kora urutonde rw'ibyo ugomba gukora buri munsi. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kwirinda kumva uhagaritswe. Wihe impano iyo ugeze ku ntego nto. Ganira n'abandi bafite iyi ndwara. Ibiganiro kuri internet cyangwa amatsinda y'ubufasha muri aka karere ashobora kukuzanira abantu bahura n'ibibazo nk'ibyawe kandi akumenyesha ko utari wenyine. Niba umwana wawe afite asma, murebereho. Shyira imbaraga mu bintu umwana wawe ashoboye gukora, atari ku bintu adashobora gukora. Huza abarimu, abaforomo bo mu ishuri, abatoza, inshuti n'abavandimwe mu gufasha umwana wawe guhangana na asma.