Ibya Asma: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Asma ni iki?

Asma ni uburwayi bumara igihe kirekire aho inzira z’ubuhumekero zigira uburibwe kandi zigapfa, bigatuma guhumeka bigorana. Tekereza ku nzira z’ubuhumekero nk’imigezi itwara umwuka mu mwijima - iyo ufite asma, iyo migezi irashobora kubyimba kandi ikabamo umusemburo mwinshi, bigatuma wumva ufite ikibazo mu gituza.

Ubu burwayi bugira abantu b’ingeri zose, kuva ku bana bato kugeza ku bakuru. Inkuru nziza ni uko, iyo uyifashe neza, abenshi mu bafite asma bashobora kubona ubuzima bwiza kandi buzira umuze. Inzira zawe z’ubuhumekero zirangwa n’ubushishozi ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bibitera, kandi iyo bihura na byo, zirakora zigapfa - ariko iyo myitwarire irashobora gufatwa neza uko bikwiye.

Ibimenyetso bya asma bishobora kuba bito cyangwa bikomeye, kandi bikunze kuza no kugenda. Bamwe bagira ibimenyetso buri munsi, abandi bashobora kubibona gusa mu bihe bimwe by’umwaka cyangwa iyo bahuye n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bibitera. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukumenya imikorere yawe no gukorana n’abaganga bawe kugira ngo ubone igikorwa gikubereye.

Ibimenyetso bya Asma ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya asma bikunze kuvugwa nk’ukumva utagera umwuka cyangwa nk’aho hari uwugukanda mu gituza. Ibyo bimenyetso bibaho kuko inzira zawe z’ubuhumekero zikorera cyane kurusha ubusanzwe kugira ngo umwuka winjire kandi ugende mu mwijima.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ushobora kugira:

• Guhumeka nabi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’imikino cyangwa nijoro
• Guhumeka kugufi - umuziki wumvikana mu gihe uhumeka, cyane cyane mu gihe uhembura
• Kubabara mu gituza nk’aho hari ikintu gikwikaza
• Kukorora, bikunze kuba bibi nijoro cyangwa mu gitondo
• Kubura ibitotsi kubera ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Umunaniro ukomoka ku guhumeka cyane

Bamwe bagira kandi ibimenyetso bidafite akamaro, bishobora kudasobanuka ko bifitanye isano no guhumeka. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo gusukura umunwa kenshi, kumva uhangayitse cyangwa udatuje mu gihe ugira ibibazo byo guhumeka, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe bitakugoraga mbere.

Ibimenyetso byawe bishobora kugendera ku buryo runaka - wenda biba bibi mu gitondo, mu gihe cy’imikino, cyangwa iyo uri hafi y’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bibitera. Kubika amakuru y’ibyo bishobora kugufasha wowe n’umuganga wawe kumva asma yawe neza kandi mukaba mugize gahunda nziza yo kuyivura.

Ubwoko bwa Asma ni ubuhe?

Asma si uburwayi bumwe ku bantu bose - bufite uburyo butandukanye bushingiye ku bintu bibitera n’igihe bibaho. Kumva ubwoko bwawe bishobora kugufasha gucunga ubu burwayi neza.

Ubwoko busanzwe harimo:

• Asma iterwa na allergie - iterwa na allergie nka pollen, utubuto tw’umukungugu, ubwoya bw’amatungo, cyangwa imyeyo
• Asma idaterwa na allergie - iterwa na stress, impinduka z’ikirere, indwara, cyangwa imikino
• Asma iterwa na siporo - ibimenyetso bigaragara mu gihe cy’imikino cyangwa nyuma yayo
• Asma iterwa n’akazi - iterwa n’ibintu bibangamira mu kazi nka chemicals cyangwa umukungugu
• Asma y’ibihe - ibimenyetso biba bibi mu bihe bimwe by’umwaka

Hari kandi ubundi bwoko buke bukeneye ubuvuzi bwihariye. Asma ikomeye igira abantu bake kandi idakira neza ubuvuzi busanzwe. Indwara y’ubuhumekero iterwa na aspirine ifatanya asma n’ubushishozi kuri aspirine n’ibindi bikoresho byo kugabanya ububabare. Asma ya eosinophilic igira imisemburo myinshi y’uturemangingo tw’amaraso kandi ikunze gusaba ubuvuzi bwihariye.

Abantu benshi bafite imimerere myinshi - kurugero, ushobora kugira asma iterwa na allergie ikaba mbi iyo ukora siporo. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya ubwoko cyangwa ubwoko ufite binyuze mu bipimo no kureba uko ibimenyetso byawe bigenda.

Intandaro za Asma ni izihe?

Asma iterwa n’imiterere y’umuntu n’ibintu by’ibidukikije, aho kuba intandaro imwe. Niba asma iri mu muryango wawe, bishoboka ko uzayirwara, ariko ibintu by’ibidukikije bikunze kugaragaza niba ibimenyetso bigaragara n’igihe bigaragara.

Ibintu by’ingenzi bigira uruhare mu iterambere rya asma harimo:

• Imimerere y’umuryango - kugira abagize umuryango bafite asma cyangwa allergie
• Indwara z’ubuhumekero mu buto
• Guhura na allergie mu buto
• Umutontozi w’itabi mu kirere
• Kuzunguzwa n’ikirere kidahumanye
• Kuzalirwa imburagihe cyangwa kuvuka ufite ibiro bike

Iyo umaze kugira asma, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso byawe biba bibi. Ibintu bisanzwe bibitera harimo indwara z’ubuhumekero nka kanseri cyangwa grippe, allergie nka pollen cyangwa ubwoya bw’amatungo, ibintu bibangamira nka impumuro cyangwa umwotsi, impinduka z’ikirere, no guhangayika.

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidafite akamaro bishobora kugutangaza. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo imiti imwe nka beta-blockers, ibintu byongerwamo mu biribwa nka sulfites, indwara ya gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), ndetse n’impinduka z’imisemburo mu gihe cy’imihango cyangwa mu gihe utwite.

Kumva ibintu bibitera ni ingenzi mu gucunga asma yawe neza. Icyatera asma ku muntu umwe gishobora kutagira icyo gikora ku wundi, bityo ni ingenzi kumenya uko ibintu bibitera bigenda binyuze mu kwitonda no gupima allergie.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Asma?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ufite ibibazo byo guhumeka bikomeza, nubwo bigaragara ko ari bito. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bishobora kubuza asma yawe kuba mbi kandi bikagufasha gucunga ibimenyetso byawe neza.

Tegura gahunda yo kujya kwa muganga niba ubona ibi bimenyetso:

• Guhumeka nabi bigorana ibikorwa bya buri munsi
• Guhumeka kugufi cyangwa kukorora bikomeza iminsi irenga mike
• Kubabara mu gituza bigenda bigaruka
• Kubura ibitotsi kubera ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Indwara z’ubuhumekero kenshi
• Ibimenyetso biba bibi uko biza

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse bw’ubuhanga niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye. Ibyo harimo kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga amagambo yuzuye kubera guhumeka nabi, gukoresha imitsi y’ijosi n’igituza mu guhumeka, cyangwa kugira iminwa cyangwa imisumari y’intoki y’ubururu. Icyemezo cy’umuvuduko w’umwuka uri munsi ya 50% by’icyiza cyawe cyane gisaba kwitabwaho vuba.

Ntugatege amatwi kubona ubufasha niba umuti wawe wo guhumeka utabasha kugufasha cyangwa niba ukeneye kuwukoresha kenshi kurusha ubusanzwe. Ibyo bimenyetso bigaragaza ko asma yawe idafashe neza kandi ikeneye ubuvuzi kugira ngo wirinde igitero gikomeye cya asma.

Ibyago byo kurwara Asma ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara asma, nubwo kugira ibyago ntibihamya ko uzayirwara. Kumva ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda no kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare.

Ibyago by’ingenzi harimo:

• Amateka y’umuryango wa asma cyangwa allergie
• Kugira allergie nka eczema cyangwa hay fever
• Kuba uremye cyangwa ufite umubyibuho ukabije
• Kunywesha itabi cyangwa guhura n’umwotsi w’itabi
• Guhura n’ibintu bibangamira mu kazi nka chemicals
• Kuba mu turere dufite umukungugu mwinshi

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bihariye mu bihe bimwe by’ubuzima. Abana bagira indwara z’ubuhumekero kenshi, bahura n’umwotsi w’itabi, cyangwa bafite ababyeyi banwaga itabi mu gihe bari batwite bafite ibyago byinshi. Abakuze bakora imirimo imwe cyangwa bagira allergie nshya mu myaka yabo bashobora kandi kuba bafite ibyago byinshi.

Ibyago bidafite akamaro harimo kugira nyina ufite asma mu gihe cyo gutwita, kuvuka imburagihe, cyangwa kugira indwara ya gastroesophageal reflux. Impinduka z’imisemburo mu gihe cy’ubwangavu, gutwita, cyangwa menopause bishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku iterambere rya asma kuri bamwe.

Nubwo utahindura ibintu by’umuryango, ushobora kugabanya ibyago binyuze mu kugira ibiro byiza, kwirinda umwotsi w’itabi, gucunga allergie neza, no kugabanya guhura n’ibintu bibangamira igihe bishoboka.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Asma ni izihe?

Iyo asma idafashe neza, ishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye zigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye n’ubuvuzi buhoraho.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora kugira harimo:

• Indwara z’ubuhumekero kenshi kubera inzira z’ubuhumekero zibyimba
• Kubura ibitotsi bigatuma umunaniro n’ikibazo cyo kwibanda
• Kugabanuka kw’imikino n’ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo
• Kubura akazi cyangwa amashuri
• Guhangayika kubera ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Ingaruka z’imiti niba idafashwe neza

Ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kuza niba asma idafashe neza igihe kirekire. Ibyo harimo kugabanuka burundu kw’inzira z’ubuhumekero (airway remodeling), ibyago byiyongereye bya pneumonia, na status asthmaticus - uburwayi buhitana ubuzima aho ibitero bya asma bidakira ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Bamwe bagira ingaruka nke nka allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), aho indwara ziterwa n’imyeyo zigora gucunga asma, cyangwa bagira asma ikomeye idakira ubuvuzi isaba ubuvuzi bwihariye.

Ikintu nyamukuru cyo kwirinda ingaruka ni ugukorana n’abaganga bawe kugira ngo mugire gahunda nziza yo gucunga asma. Gusuzuma buri gihe no guhindura imiti bishobora kugufasha kwirinda ingaruka nyinshi no kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Asma ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo utazibuza burundu asma niba ufite imimerere y’umuryango, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago byayo no kubuza ibimenyetso kugaragara cyangwa kuba bibi. Kwiringira kwirinda kwibanda ku kwirinda ibintu bibitera no kugira ubuzima bwiza bw’ubuhumekero muri rusange.

Ingamba nyamukuru zo kwirinda harimo:

• Kwiringira umwotsi w’itabi n’umwotsi w’itabi
• Guhagarara allergie neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye
• Kugira ibiro byiza binyuze mu mirire myiza n’imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Kugabanya guhura n’umukungugu mwinshi
• Kwikingiza indwara z’ubuhumekero
• Guhagarara stress binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka

Ku bagore batwite, kwirinda kunywesha itabi mu gihe cyo gutwita no konsa igihe bishoboka bishobora kugabanya ibyago bya asma ku mwana wabo. Kugumisha amazu meza no kugabanya guhura n’utubuto tw’umukungugu, ubwoya bw’amatungo, n’imyeyo bishobora kandi kugira akamaro.

Niba ukora mu kazi gafite ibintu bishobora kubangamira ubuhumero, gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda no gukurikiza amabwiriza y’umutekano bishobora kugufasha kwirinda asma iterwa n’akazi. Gusuzuma ubuzima buri gihe bishobora kandi kugufasha kumenya no guhangana n’ibyago hakiri kare.

Nubwo ibyo bintu bidashobora guhamya kwirinda, bigabanya cyane ibyago byawe kandi bigufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza bw’ubuhumekero muri rusange. Nubwo umaze kugira asma, ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha kubuza ibimenyetso byawe kuba bibi.

Asma imenyekana ite?

Kumenya asma bikubiyemo kuvugana n’ibimenyetso byawe, kureba amateka yawe y’ubuvuzi, no gukora ibizamini byihariye byo guhumeka. Umuganga wawe azashaka kumva uko ibimenyetso byawe bigenda no kubuza izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka bisa.

Uburyo bwo kumenya busanzwe burimo:

• Ibiganiro birambuye ku bimenyetso byawe n’ibintu bibitera
• Isuzuma ry’umubiri ribanza ku guhumeka kwawe
• Ibizamini bya spirometry kugira ngo upime umwuka ushobora guhembura
• Gupima umuvuduko w’umwuka kugira ngo usuzume imikorere y’inzira z’ubuhumekero
• Gupima allergie kugira ngo umenye ibintu bibitera
• X-ray y’igituza kugira ngo ubuze izindi ndwara

Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi gukora ikizamini cyo guhura n’ubuhumekero, aho uhembura ikintu gishobora gutera ibimenyetso bya asma ku bantu bafite iyo ndwara. Icyo kizamini gikorerwa mu bitaro bifite ubuvuzi buhari igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Rimwe na rimwe, ibizamini byongeyeho biba ngombwa, cyane cyane niba ibimenyetso byawe bitamenyekanye cyangwa ntibikire ubuvuzi busanzwe. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo usuzume ubwoko bwihariye bwa asma, CT scan kugira ngo urebe imwijima muri rusange, cyangwa ibizamini byo gupima urwego rwa nitric oxide mu mwuka wawe.

Kumenya neza ni ingenzi kuko izindi ndwara nyinshi zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa. Umuganga wawe azakora neza kugira ngo atandukanye asma n’izindi ndwara nka COPD, ibibazo by’umutima, cyangwa kudakora neza kw’umunwa.

Ubuvuzi bwa Asma ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa asma bugamije gucunga ibimenyetso byawe no kubuza ibitero bya asma binyuze mu guhuza imiti n’imikorere y’ubuzima. Intego ni ugufasha guhumeka neza no kubona ubuzima busanzwe.

Gahunda yawe yo kuvura ishobora kuba irimo:

• Imiti yo gufasha vuba (imiti yo guhumeka) kugira ngo ibimenyetso bikire vuba
• Imiti yo gucunga igihe kirekire kugira ngo ibimenyetso birindwe
• Imiti ya allergie niba allergie ari yo itera asma yawe
• Gahunda yo gucunga asma isobanura icyakorwa mu gihe ibimenyetso biba bibi
• Gusuzuma buri gihe hakoreshejwe peak flow meters
• Uburyo bwo kwirinda ibintu bibitera

Imiti yo gufasha vuba ikunze kuba albuterol, ihita ifungura inzira z’ubuhumekero mu gihe cy’igitero cya asma. Imiti yo gucunga igihe kirekire ikunze kuba harimo inhaled corticosteroids, igabanya uburibwe mu nzira z’ubuhumekero iyo ikoreshwa buri gihe.

Ku bantu bafite asma ikomeye idakira ubuvuzi busanzwe, hari ubundi buryo bushya buhari. Ibyo harimo imiti ya biologic igamije inzira zihariye z’umubiri, bronchial thermoplasty (uburyo bwo kugabanya imitsi y’inzira z’ubuhumekero), n’imiti ihuriweho ihuye n’ubwoko bwawe bwa asma.

Umuganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo mubone imiti ikwiye. Ibyo bishobora gutwara igihe n’impinduka, ariko abantu benshi bashobora gucunga asma neza uko bikwiye.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite Asma

Guhagarara asma iwawe bikubiyemo gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo gucunga asma, gufata imiti nk’uko byategetswe, no kumenya uko wakwitwara iyo ibimenyetso biba bibi. Guhagarara neza iwawe bishobora kubuza ibitero byinshi bya asma kandi bikagufasha kumva ufite icyizere cyinshi ku buzima bwawe.

Intambwe z’ingenzi zo guhagarara iwawe harimo:

• Guta imiti yawe ya buri munsi, nubwo wumva umeze neza
• Kugumisha imiti yawe yo guhumeka hafi igihe cyose
• Gusuzuma ibimenyetso byawe n’ibipimo bya peak flow
• Kwiringira ibintu bibitera igihe bishoboka
• Kugumisha amazu meza, adafite allergie
• Gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo gucunga asma mu gihe ibimenyetso biba bibi

Menya uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha imiti yo guhumeka kugira ngo wirinde gutakaza imiti yawe. Abantu benshi ntibakoresha imiti yabo yo guhumeka neza, ibyo bishobora gutuma ubuvuzi budakora neza. Saba umuganga wawe cyangwa umuguzi w’imiti kukwereka uburyo bwiza.

Kora ahantu hameze neza kuri asma hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gusukura umwuka, gukaraba ibintu byo mu buriri mu mazi ashyushye buri cyumweru, no kugumisha ubushuhe hagati ya 30-50%. Niba ufite amatungo kandi ufite allergie, kuyavuza buri gihe no kuyakura mu byumba byo kuryama bishobora kugufasha.

Mu gihe ibimenyetso biba bibi, kora uko ushoboye kandi ukore ibyo gahunda yawe ibiteganya. Koresha imiti yawe yo guhumeka nk’uko byategetswe, icara uhagaze, kandi wibande ku guhumeka buhoro buhoro. Niba ibimenyetso bidakira cyangwa biba bibi, ntutinye gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga.

Uko wakwitegura gahunda yawe yo kujya kwa muganga

Kwitoza gahunda yawe yo kujya kwa muganga bifasha guhamya ko uzabona byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi bigaha umuganga wawe amakuru akenewe kugira ngo acunge ubu burwayi bwawe neza. Kwitoza neza bishobora gutuma habaho imyanzuro myiza yo kuvura no gucunga asma neza.

Mbere y’igahunda yawe, kora ibi bikurikira:

• Urutonde rw’imiti yawe yose ukoresha n’ingano zayo
• Ibisubizo bya peak flow n’ibitabo byawe by’ibimenyetso
• Ibibazo ku buvuzi bwawe cyangwa impungenge
• Amakuru ku mpinduka z’ibimenyetso biheruka
• Ibisobanuro ku bintu bishya bibitera wabonye
• Gahunda yawe yo gucunga asma kugira ngo isuzumwe kandi ihindurwe

Komeza kwita ku bimenyetso byawe byibuze icyumweru kimwe mbere y’igahunda yawe. Andika igihe ibimenyetso bigaragara, icyabibateye, n’uko imiti yawe yo gufasha yakoraga. Ibyo bishobora gufasha umuganga wawe kumva uko ubuvuzi bwawe bukorera.

Zana imiti yawe yo guhumeka mu gahunda kugira ngo umuganga wawe asuzume uburyo bwawe kandi ahamye ko uyikoresha neza. Abantu benshi bagira imico mibi uko biza bishobora kugabanya ingaruka z’imiti.

Ntugatege amatwi kubabaza ibibazo ku kintu udasobanukiwe. Umuganga wawe ashaka kugufasha gucunga asma yawe neza, kandi kuganira neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwiza bwo kuyicunga.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Asma

Asma ni uburwayi bushobora gucungwa budakwiye kubuza ubuzima bwawe iyo bucunguwe neza. Hamwe na gahunda nziza yo kuvura, abantu benshi bafite asma bashobora kwitabira ibikorwa byose bisanzwe, harimo siporo n’imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko gucunga asma ari ubufatanye hagati yawe n’umuganga wawe. Gusuzuma buri gihe, kuganira ukuri ku bimenyetso byawe, no gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvura buri gihe ni byo bituma ubwira.

Ntugahe asma amahirwe yo gucunga ubuzima bwawe - uyicunge wowe ubwawe. Hamwe n’ubuvuzi bugezweho uyu munsi n’umuhate wawe wo gucunga neza, ushobora guhumeka neza no kubona ubuzima bwiza ushaka.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Asma

Asma irashobora gukira?

Ubu, nta muti wa asma, ariko ishobora gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Abantu benshi bafite asma babona ubuzima busanzwe hamwe n’imiti ikwiye n’imikorere y’ubuzima. Bamwe mu bana bashobora kureka kugira ibimenyetso bya asma, ariko imimerere ishingiyeho ikunze kugumaho.

Asma irakomoka mu muryango?

Yego, asma ifite ibintu by’umuryango. Niba umubyeyi umwe afite asma, umwana we afite amahirwe ya 25% yo kuyirwara. Niba ababyeyi bombi bafite asma, ibyago byiyongera kugera kuri 60-75%. Ariko kandi, kugira imimerere y’umuryango ntibihamya ko uzayirwara.

Nshobora gukora siporo niba mfite asma?

Yego rwose! Imikino ni nziza ku bantu bafite asma kandi ishobora kunoza imikorere y’ibihaha igihe kirekire. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugukorana n’umuganga wawe kugira ngo mugire gahunda y’imyitozo irimo kwitegura neza, gukoresha imiti yawe yo guhumeka mbere y’imikino niba bibaye ngombwa, no guhitamo ibikorwa bikubereye.

Asma yanjye izaba mbi uko nshaje?

Asma ishobora guhinduka uko biza, ariko ntibikwiye kuba bibi uko ushaje. Bamwe basanga ibimenyetso byabo bigenda bigabanuka uko bashaje, abandi bashobora kugira impinduka kubera impinduka z’imisemburo, ibintu bishya bibitera, cyangwa izindi ndwara. Gusuzuma buri gihe bifasha gucunga ibyo neza.

Stress ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bya asma?

Yego, guhangayika bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bya asma kuri bamwe. Umutima ukomeye ushobora gutuma uhumeka vuba, ibyo bishobora gutera ibimenyetso, kandi stress ishobora kandi kugabanya ubudahangarwa bwawe, bigatuma urwara indwara z’ubuhumekero zishobora kuba mbi kuri asma. Kumenya uburyo bwo gucunga stress bishobora kugufasha.