Igitero Cy'Asthme

Ibi ntabwo ari inama y'abaganga. Niba ufite ikibazo cy'ubuzima, shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga. Igituntu ni ukugira ikibazo cy'ubuhumekero kiba kigoranye cyane. Igituntu ni indwara iramara igihe kirekire itera ubusembwa kuko inzira z'ubuhumekero mu bihaha ziba zifunze. Ibimenyetso byo kugira igituntu birimo inkorora, guhumeka bikomeye, kubabara mu gituza no kugorana guhumeka. Ibi bimenyetso bibaho kubera ko imitsi iri ku nzira z'ubuhumekero ikomera, inzira z'ubuhumekero zikaba zibyimba kandi zikaba zifite umusemburo, kandi uruhu rw'inzira z'ubuhumekero rukora umusemburo witwa imyanda. Ibi bintu byose bituma guhumeka bigorana. Abantu basanzwe bafite igituntu bakunze kugira gahunda yo kuvura igituntu. Ibi birababwira imiti bagomba gufata iyo bagize igituntu n'igihe bagomba gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse. Abantu badafite ubu burwayi cyangwa badafite gahunda yo kuvura bagomba gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba bafite ibi bimenyetso. Kugira igituntu kenshi bigaragaza ko igituntu cy'umuntu kitagenzurwa. Umuganga ashobora guhindura imiti na gahunda yo kuvura igituntu kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kuyigenzura. Igituntu kandi kiyita gukaza igituntu cyangwa gukaza igituntu.

Ibimenyetso byo gutera kwa asma bishobora kuba birimo: Guhumeka nabi. Kubabara cyangwa gufata mu gituza. Kukorora. Guhumeka bigoranye. Ibimenyetso bikomeye bishobora kandi kuba birimo: Guhumeka cyane. Kugorana mu kuvuga kubera guhumeka nabi. Gukoresha cyane imitsi yo mu gituza kugira ngo uhumeke. Ibimenyetso bikomeye iyo uri kuryama ugiye inyuma. Kunyara cyane. Ibyavuye mu isuzuma ryo mu rugo, ryitwa peak flow meter, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gutera kwa asma. Iki gikorwa gipima uburyo ushobora gukurura umwuka mu bihaha byawe vuba. Ibisubizo bya peak flow mubisanzwe ni urugero rw'uko ibihaha byawe bikora neza. Ibi bita peak flow yawe bwite. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuvura asma kenshi kiba kirimo intambwe zo gukurikiza zishingiye ku bisubizo bya peak flow. Isubizo riri munsi ya 80% ya peak flow nziza bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyo gutera kwa asma. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuvura asma gikubwira igihe ugomba guhamagara umuganga wawe nigihe ugomba kubona ubuvuzi bwihuse. Igishushanyo mbonera gifite ibice bitatu bifite ibara: Icyatsi. Agasanduku k'icyatsi k'igishushanyo mbonera ni igihe wumva umeze neza kandi nta bimenyetso bya asma ufite. Igishushanyo mbonera gikubwira umunani w'imiti yo kugenzura igihe kirekire ukwiye gufata buri munsi. Nanone gikubwira umubare w'utugaburo tw'umuti wo guhumeka vuba ukwiye gufata mbere yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Niba ukoresha peak flow meter, ibisubizo bigomba kuba 80% cyangwa birenga byiza yawe.Icya zahabu. Agasanduku k'umuhondo gakubwira icyo ukora niba ufite ibimenyetso bya asma. Gisobanura igihe ukwiye gukoresha umuti wo guhumeka vuba n'umubare w'utugaburo ukwiye gufata. Nanone kivuga icyo ukora niba ibimenyetso byawe bitakira kandi igihe ugomba guhamagara itsinda ry'abaganga bawe. Ibisubizo bya peak flow biri hagati ya 50% na 79% byiza yawe.Igitukura. Agasanduku k'umutuku gakubwira ko ugomba kubona ubuvuzi bwihuse iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa niba ibimenyetso bikomeza cyangwa ntibikira nyuma yo gukoresha umuti wo guhumeka vuba. Ibisubizo bya peak flow biri munsi ya 50% byiza yawe bwite. Niba udafite igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuvura asma, shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba umuti wo guhumeka vuba utabasha gufasha ibimenyetso. Ni ngombwa kugumana gahunda zihoraho hamwe n'umuganga wawe. Niba asma yawe iri kugenzurwa, ushobora gufata umunani muke w'imiti. Niba ukoresha umuti wo guhumeka wo gutabara kenshi kugira ngo uvure gutera kwa asma, ushobora kuba ukeneye impinduka mu gishushanyo mbonera cyo kuvura asma. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gufata imiti mishya cyangwa umunani munini w'imiti.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuvura indwara y'ibinywa kigufasha kumenya igihe ukwiye guhamagara umuganga wawe n'igihe ukwiye kujya kwa muganga byihuse. Igishushanyo mbonera gifite ibice bitatu bifite ibara:

• Ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi. Agace k'ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi mu gishushanyo mbonera ni igihe wumva umeze neza kandi nta bimenyetso by'indwara y'ibinywa ufite. Igishushanyo mbonera kigufasha kumenya umunono w'imiti ugomba gufata buri munsi. Kigaragaza kandi umubare w'utunywa tw'umuti ufasha guhumeka neza ugomba gufata mbere yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Niba ukoresha ikigero cyo guhumeka, ibipimo bigomba kuba bingana cyangwa birenga 80% by'ibipimo byawe byiza.
• Ibara ry'umuhondo. Agateganyo k'umuhondo kagufasha kumenya icyo ukora niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara y'ibinywa. Gisobanura igihe ukwiye gukoresha umuti ufasha guhumeka neza n'umubare w'utunywa ugomba gufata. Kigaragaza kandi icyo ukora niba ibimenyetso byawe bitakira kandi igihe ukwiye guhamagara itsinda ry'abaganga bawe. Ibipimo byo guhumeka biri hagati ya 50% na 79% by'ibipimo byawe byiza.
• Ibara ritukura. Agateganyo k'umutuku kagufasha kumenya igihe ukwiye kujya kwa muganga byihuse iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa niba ibimenyetso bikomeza cyangwa ntibikire nyuma yo gukoresha umuti ufasha guhumeka neza. Ibipimo byo guhumeka biri munsi ya 50% by'ibipimo byawe byiza.

Niba udafite igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuvura indwara y'ibinywa, ujye kwa muganga byihuse niba umuti ufasha guhumeka neza udatuma ibimenyetso bigabanuka.

Ni ngombwa kuguma uganira n'abaganga bawe buri gihe. Niba indwara y'ibinywa yawe iri kugenzurwa, ushobora kugabanya umunono w'imiti. Niba ukoresha umuti ufasha guhumeka neza kenshi cyane mu kuvura ibitero by'indwara y'ibinywa, ushobora gukenera guhindura igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuvura indwara y'ibinywa. Ibyo bishobora kuba birimo gufata imiti mishya cyangwa umunono munini w'imiti.

Ibisanzwe, asthme ni indwara yo mu bihaha ihoraho iterwa n'uburakari bw'umubiri buterwa n'ubwirinzi bukabije. Ubu burakari mu bihaha burimo gukomera kw'imikaya iikikije inzira z'umwuka, kubyimba kw'ingingo ziri mu nzira z'umwuka no kwinjira mu myanda ishobora gufunga inzira z'umwuka. Ibi nibyo bibaho, biragoye guhumeka. Ibitero bya asthme bibaho iyo ikintu cyose gitera ubwirinde gukora. Ibyo bishobora kuba: Uburwayi bwo kugira allergie kuri pollen, amatungo, imyanda, imibu y'inzu n'udusimba tw'umukungugu. Ibicurane, grippe cyangwa izindi ndwara zibasira izuru, akanwa n'umutwe. Umutonto. Ikirere gikonje kandi kigumye. Imikino ngororamubiri. Indwara yitwa gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) itera aside yo mu gifu kwinjira mu muyoboro uri hagati y'akanwa n'igifu. Amahumane cyangwa ibintu byangiza biri mu kirere. Imiti igabanya ububabare, nka aspirine na anti-inflammatories zitari steroide, n'izindi miti. Ihangayitse cyangwa guhangayika.

Umuntu wese ufite ibicurane afite ibyago byo kurwara ibicurane. Ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago birimo: Akarere kadasanzwe k'ibintu bitera allergie. Kumenya ibintu bitera ibicurane mu kirere. Kudakoresha imiti y'ibicurane buri munsi. Gukoresha nabi umuti w'ubuhumekero. Ihangayitse cyangwa kwiheba igihe kirekire. Indwara zindi zirambye, nka indwara z'umutima cyangwa diyabete.

Ibitero bya asma bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'umuntu n'imibereho ye. Ibibazo bishobora kuba birimo:

• Iminsi yabuze ku ishuri cyangwa ku kazi.
• Gusura kenshi ibitaro byihuse cyangwa iby'ubuvuzi bw'ibanze.
• Kurara kudatuje.
• Kugabanya imyitozo ngororamubiri isanzwe cyangwa imikino.

Ibitero bikomeye bya asma bishobora gutera urupfu. Ibitero bya asma bihungabanya ubuzima cyane bishobora kuba byinshi ku bantu bakoresha imiti yo kwihuta kenshi, abagiye mu bitaro cyangwa mu mavuriro kuvurirwa asma, cyangwa abafite izindi ndwara z'igihe kirekire.

Intambwe y'ingenzi mu gukumira igitero cy'allergie ni ukukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvura umusonga:

• Fata imiti y'ubuzima bw'umusonga buri munsi.
• Fata ibipimo bya peak flow nkuko byategetswe.
• Fata imiti yawe yihuse mbere y'imyitozo nkuko byategetswe.
• Koresha imiti yihuse nkuko bivugwa muri gahunda yawe.
• Jya ukora inyandiko yerekana ukuntu ukunda gukoresha imiti yihuse. Ibitekerezo byawe ku buryo gahunda ikora neza bifasha umuganga wawe guhindura uburyo bwo kuvura kugira ngo wirinde ibitero by'umusonga. Izindi ntambwe zo kwirinda ibitero by'umusonga harimo ibi bikurikira:
• Irinde ibintu bikurura umusonga uko bishoboka kose.
• Siga imbere iyo hari amakuru avuga ko umwuka mubi.
• Supimisha allergie zishoboka kandi ufate imiti y'allergie nkuko byategetswe.
• Kora isuku y'intoki kenshi kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura ibicurane cyangwa grippe.
• Jya ukora inkingo, harimo inkingo za grippe buri mwaka n'inkingo za COVID-19, n'izindi zigufasha umuganga wawe.
• Niba unywa itabi, reka.
• Koresha agapfukamunwa mugihe ukaraba.
• Fupfa akanwa kawe n'ikaramu cyangwa agapfukamunwa mu minsi y'ubukonje.

Niba ibimenyetso byawe bitakira neza uko witabwaho mu rugo, uzakenera kubonana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa kubona ubutabazi bwihuse. Nubwo ibimenyetso byakira neza uko witabwaho mu rugo, umuganga wawe ashobora gushaka kukubona vuba kugira ngo akurebe, bitewe n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso.

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga wawe cyangwa mu bitaro by'ubutabazi, ushobora guhabwa ubuvuzi kandi ugafatwa ibizamini icyarimwe. Intego ni ukubona uko uhumeka neza, kumenya ubukana bw'igitero cya asma no kureba niba ubuvuzi bugira akamaro.

Ibizamini byo gupima uko ibihaha byawe bikora neza bishobora kuba birimo:

• Peak flow meter. Iki gikorwa gipima uburyo ushobora gusohora umwuka mu bihaha byawe vuba. Ibisubizo bya peak flow ni ubusanzwe igipimo cy'uko ibihaha byawe bikora neza.
• Spirometer. Spirometer ipimira umwuka ibihaha byawe bishobora gutwara n'uburyo ushobora guhumeka hanze vuba. Ubu bupimo bwitwa umuvuduko w'umwuka usohoka (FEV-1). Ubupimo bwawe bwa FEV-1 bugereranywa n'umuvuduko wa FEV-1 usanzwe ku bantu badafite asma. Kimwe no mu bipimo bya peak flow, iki kigereranyo kenshi gitangwa nk'igipimo.
• Pulse oximeter. Iki gikorwa gito gishyirwa ku ntoki gipima umwanya w'oxygène uri mu maraso yawe. Ibi bigaragaza uko ibihaha bitanga oxygène mu maraso.
• Isuzuma ry'oxyde nitrique. Iki kizamini gipima umwanya wa gaze ya oxyde nitrique uri mu mwuka wawe iyo uhumeka. Ibisubizo byinshi bya oxyde nitrique biba bihari iyo hari kubyimba cyangwa ibindi bikorwa by'ubudahangarwa mu bihaha. Iki kizamini ntikwakoresha mu butabazi bwihuse.

Intego y’ubuvuzi ni uguhangana n’igitero cya asma murugo hakurikijwe gahunda yawe yo guhangana na asma. Ubuvuzi bwo murugo bushobora guhagije mu kunoza ibimenyetso no koroshya guhumeka. Amabwiriza ari muri iyo gahunda azakubwira kandi igihe ukwiye kubonana n’umuganga wawe cyangwa kubona ubuvuzi bwihuse. Agateganyo k’umuhondo Agateganyo k’umuhondo k’igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhangana na asma ni ukugira ibimenyetso bya asma byoroheje kandi igipimo cyo hejuru kigera kuri 50% kugeza kuri 79% by’ibyiza byawe bwite. Niba uri mu gice cy’umuhondo, iyo gahunda izakubwira umubare w’imiti yawe yo kwihuta ugomba gufata n’umwanya ushobora gusubiramo doze. Abana bato cyangwa abantu bagira ikibazo cyo gukoresha umuti w’ubuhumekero bakoresha igikoresho cyitwa nebulizer kugira ngo bahumeke umuti mu mutobe. Imiti yo kwihuta irimo: Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil-HFA, Ventolin HFA, izindi). Levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA). Agateganyo k’umuhondo k’igishushanyo mbonera kandi kizakubwira: Igihe cyo gufata indi doze y’umuti wo kwihuta. Igihe cyo gufata imiti yitwa corticosteroid yo mu kanwa kugira ngo uvure kubyimba. Niba ukwiye guhamagara umuganga wawe. Umuganga wawe ashobora kukubwira niba ukwiye gufata izindi dozi cyangwa guhindura dozi y’umuti. Uzabona amabwiriza yerekeye gukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe. Ushobora kubwirwa kujya kwa muganga cyangwa mu bitaro. Agateganyo k’umutuku Agateganyo k’umutuku mu gishushanyo mbonera cyo guhangana na asma kukubwira kubona ubuvuzi bwihuse niba: Ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Ibimenyetso birushaho kuba bibi. Uracyari mu gice cy’umuhondo nyuma y’amasaha 24. Ntushobora gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe. Ufite igipimo cyo hejuru kiri munsi ya 50%. Umuganga wawe akubwira kujyayo. Ubuvuzi bwihuse Niba ugiye mu bitaro kubera igitero cya asma kirimo, uzabona imiti myinshi yo gusubiza ubuhumure busanzwe. Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba: Ogijeni. Ogijeni ishobora gutangwa binyuze mu muyoboro ufatanye n’izuru niba hari ibimenyetso by’ogijeni nke cyane mu maraso. Imiti yo kwihuta. Imiti yo kwihuta yo mu muhumekero, nka albuterol na levalbuterol, itangwa cyangwa ikoresheje umuti w’ubuhumekero cyangwa nebulizer kugira ngo ifungure inzira z’ubuhumekero. Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA). Ipratropium ni umuti kandi ukoreshwa mu gufungura inzira z’ubuhumekero uhumekwa hamwe n’umuti w’ubuhumekero cyangwa nebulizer. Corticosteroids. Corticosteroids itangwa nk’imiti cyangwa urushinge kugira ngo uvure kubyimba. Guhumeka gikozwe n’imashini. Niba igitero cya asma kiguhitana ubuzima, imashini ishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo igufashe guhumeka no kubona ogijeni nyinshi. Ibi bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe agapfukamunwa ko guhumeka. Ariko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, umuyoboro ushyirwa mu mazuru no mu muyoboro w’ubuhumekero. Ubu buryo bwitwa intubation. Uzaba uri mu bitaro cyangwa mu bitaro kugira ngo ugenzurwe cyangwa uvurwe kugeza uhumeka neza igihe runaka. Uzabona amabwiriza yerekeye: Doze y’umuti wa asma ugomba gufata buri munsi. Doze y’umuti wo kwihuta ugomba gufata n’igihe ugomba kuwufata. Igihe cyo gukurikirana n’umuganga ubusanzwe ugenzura ubuvuzi bwawe bwa asma. Igihe cyo kubona ubuvuzi bwihuse cyangwa ubwo mu bitaro. Amakuru y’inyongera Ingaruka mbi za Albuterol Gusaba gahunda